Se intenta ofrecer una explicación sociocultural del programa romanista del Inca Garcilaso en función de sus coordenadas biográficas (peruana y española), analizando especialmente su destino andaluz, tanto por sus coordenadas sociales (conquista reciente del mundo islámico y presencia de conversos judíos) como por las propiamente culturales (clasicismo real y nobiliario, conexión con jesuitas). No se trata, pues, de una solución individual y aislada (por aristocrática), ni tampoco de una opción meramente literaria o religiosa (a pesar de expresarse en esa clave). / In this paper I offer a socio-cultural explanation of Inca Garcilaso’s Romanist program, taking into account the analysis of his biographical anchorages in both Perú and Spain, specially his andalusian experience. To do so, I follow the social events he lived through (the recent conquest of the Islamic world and presence of Jewish converts), as well as the more cultural aspects of his stay in Spain (Royal and nobility classicism, relationship with the Jesuits). By broadening the scope of the interpretation of his texts, we are no longer talking merely about an individual and isolated (if aristocratic) experience, nor about a merely religious or literary option (even if it is expressed in such a way).

Nesta dissertação examino o desenho das letras em livros produzidos nas Reduções Jesuíticas Guarani, empreendimento missionário de religiosos da Companhia de Jesus na região do Rio da Prata entre 1609 e 1768. Os primeiros Jesuítas chegaram à região em 1585, vindos do Peru e do Brasil. Apesar das dificuldades dos primeiros tempos, fundaram a primeira Redução em 1609 e, tão logo conquistaram alguma estabilidade, comunicaram-se intensamente com Roma e Madrid, entre 1633 e 1645, a fim de obterem uma imprensa e licenças para imprimir nas Reduções. Porém, foi apenas entre 1700 e 1705 que finalmente o realizaram -- e não foi por meio de uma prensa vinda da Europa, mas de prensa construída nas missões. Antes disso, os livros eram copiados à mão, uma prática que continuou existindo nas Reduções mesmo depois da instalação da imprensa. À imprenta guaranítica e aos manuscritos guaraníticos cabe um lugar de destaque na História da imprensa e do livro no Novo Mundo. Os relatos dos padres geraram consensos ainda hoje repetidos na historiografia da região, especializada ou não na História dos livros, sobre a habilidade dos guaranis para copiar letras e sobre a construção de todo o aparato para impressão -- a prensa tipográfica construída com madeira local e tipos móveis fundidos com uma liga de metais da região. Dos doze livros e um tanto de panfletos que certamente foram impressos nas Reduções, é possível localizar hoje exemplares de oito títulos apenas. Analisei o desenho das letras na folha de rosto e no miolo de seis títulos impressos e em três títulos manuscritos. As análises do desenho das letras nestes livros levaram-me a indagar se de fato fundiu-se tipos nas missões (resultado das análises das letras impressas) e a apontar a variedade de desenho de letras manuscritas ao invés da duplicação de modelos europeus (resultado das análise das letras manuscritas). Os resultados são uma contribuição à historiografia que busca questionar o uso da documentac?a?ção textual como principal forma de testemunho da empresa missionária e, sobretudo, que busca questionar o ponto de vista de onde a história da produção livreira e da escrita nas Reduções Jesuíticas Guarani tem sido contada. Um ponto de vista que serve mais à manutenção da \"rareza\" dos livros guaraníticos do que ao esforço pela sua compreensão. / In this dissertation I examine the letterforms on books from the Guarani-Jesuit Reductions, a missionary enterprise of the religious fathers of the Jesus Company, in the River Plate area from 1609 to 1768. The first jesuits arrived in the region in 1585, coming from Peru and Brazil, and despite the difficulties of the early years, they settled the first Reduction in 1609. As soon as they conquered some stability, they communicated intensely with Rome and Madrid, from 1633 to 1645, supplicating for a printing press and the necessary licenses to print in the Reductions. Notwithstanding, it was only around 1700 that they finally achieved their intentions -- and it was not by means of a printing press brought from Europe, but of a printing press built in the missions itself. Before this, books were copied by hand, a craft that continued after the establishment of the printing press. The guarani prints and the guarani manuscripts have a distinguished place in the History of the book and printing in the New World. Reports written by the jesuit fathers from the Reductions generated some consensus that are repeated still today in the historiography of the region, specialised or not in book and printing, about the guaranis\' great ability to copy letters by hand and about the construction of the whole apparatus necessary for printing -- a printing press built with local wood and sorts cast with a metal league from the region. Of the dozen books and some pamphlets that were certainly printed in the Reductions, today it is possible to find copies of only eight titles. I analysed the letterforms in six of these books and in three manuscripts. The analysis made me question if type was really cast in the missions (result of analysing the printed books) and made me point out the variety of manuscript letterforms instead of the duplication of european models (result of analysing the manuscript books). The results are a contribution to the historiography that questions the use of textual documentation as the main source of testimonies about the missionary enterprise, and, above all, the historiography that questions the point of view from which the history of book production and the history of writing in the Guarani-Jesuit Reductions have been told. A point of view that promotes the \"rarity\" of the guarani books instead of the effort for its understanding.

A proposta desta tese de doutoramento consiste no estudo comparativo de cinco confessionários tupi aplicados em regiões missioneiras do Grão-Pará e Maranhão e do Brasil entre os séculos XVI e XVIII. O objetivo geral do estudo é apresentar os modelos de confissão católica pretendidos em cada um dos séculos tratados, considerando os locais de origem dos penitentes índios e a instituição religiosa à qual pertenciam os confessores, os modelos disponíveis para aplicar esse sacramento(ora impressos, ora manuscritos) e os contextos em que se desenvolveram as respectivas missões jesuíticas. Partimos do pressuposto de que os jesuítas, ainda que tivessem um propósito universalista de evangelização, tiveram de se adaptar às diferentes realidades apresentadas pelos interlocutores indígenas, condicionados pelos diferentes espaços culturais (físicos e temporais) onde ocorria a missionação. Para além da análise linguística (terminológica e de tradução) conduzida por dentro de uma perspectiva histórica com seus desdobramentos antropológicos, outra metodologia orientativa e de apoio será aquela já traçada pela Escola Italiana de História das Religiões. / This doctoral dissertationpresents acomparative study of five Tupi confessionals establishedin missionary regions of the Grão-Pará and Maranhão and Brazilprovincesbetween the 16thand 18thcenturies. The overall objective of the study is to present the intended Catholic confession models in each of the centuriesreferred to, considering the places of origin of penitent Indians and the religious institution to which theconfessorsbelonged, the different models available to apply the Sacramentof Penance(sometimes printed, sometimes manuscripts),and the contexts in which theJesuit missionswere developed. We assume that the Jesuits, despite havinga universal purpose of evangelization, had to adapt to the different realities presented by their indigenous interlocutors, conditioned by the different cultural spaces (physical and temporal) where the missioning had arisen. Besides the linguistic analysis (terminology and translation) conducted within a historical perspective andits anthropological repercussions, another methodologyusedfor guidance and support isthe one drafted by the Italian School of History of Religions.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-23T11:58:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomachadodossantos.pdf: 14109614 bytes, checksum: 849374baaf06bd12152458c84f9f7f47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-24T11:59:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomachadodossantos.pdf: 14109614 bytes, checksum: 849374baaf06bd12152458c84f9f7f47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T11:59:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brenomachadodossantos.pdf: 14109614 bytes, checksum: 849374baaf06bd12152458c84f9f7f47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho analisa a presença da Companhia de Jesus no Brasil durante o período filipino enfocando a intensificação das distintas posturas encontradas no modus procedendi dos inacianos em função da opção pelas missões indígenas ou pelos colégios. Se por um lado, a partir do estabelecimento da União Ibérica as dificuldades em relação ao projeto missionário jesuítico na Colônia se acirram, por outro lado, os colégios do Instituto assumem uma posição de destaque junto à sociedade. Neste momento, os relatos das atividades realizadas pelos jesuítas atribuem uma maior importância aos ministérios praticados junto aos noviços e escolásticos, assim como aqueles voltados para o auxíliodos habitantes dos núcleos citadinos, se comparados aos trabalhos despendidos junto aos indígenas. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar o impacto causado pelo crescimento dos colégios no interior da Ordem como uma forma diferente de abordar a crise missionária nos aldeamentos. Neste sentido, espera lançar novas luzes sobre a atuação da polêmicaCompanhia de Jesus no Brasil colonial. / This study analyses the presence of the Society of Jesus during the Philippine period focusing on the intensification ofthe distinct positions found into the Jesuits’modus procendi related to the option between Indian missions or schools. After the establishment of the Iberian Union, the difficulties for the Jesuit missionary project in the Colony increased a lot. In the other hand, the Jesuit schools get a position of importance in society. At that time, the reports of the activities executed by the Jesuits started giving more importance to the ministries practiced with the novices and scholastics, and also those dedicated to help the inhabitants of the urban areas, instead of the works with the Indians. This dissertation purposes the analysis of the impact caused by the increasing of schools inside the Society of Jesus as a different way of understanding the crises in the Indian missions. In this direction, it tries to enlighten the presence and works of the polemic Jesuit Society in colonial Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helenize_Soares_Serres_Dissertacao.pdf: 3484562 bytes, checksum: 88002c9baa66e492e2cda09c5d34d5f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / A study about the existing relations between the estancias (ranchs) and the pueblos (villages) in the Jesuitic mission s context. It is an attempt to understand how did those relations worked, in the specific case of the estancia of La Cruz, at the eastern bank of Uruguay river situated in the western border of the present time State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the pueblo of La Cruz, at the westerns bank of the same river situated at the present time province of Corrientes, Argentina, in the period from 1629 to 1828. On the perspective of the colonial administration of the Spanish America and of the Roman Catholic Church, in this territory, was possible to understand and discuss the organization and the internal production of the whole Jesuitic Province of Paraguay and, especially, of the pueblo of La Cruz and its estancia. The relations of the pueblo of La Cruz with the charrua and minuano nations, in a territory allegedly belonged to the Spanish crown, were also referred, taking on account aspects applicable to the concepts of frontier, border, space and region. Equally was treated the role of the Jesuitic mission estancias in the territory of the so called Missões Orientais do Uruguai, with special attention to the estancia of La Cruz, in a period of many diplomatic issues between the two Iberic crowns, over quarrels which determinated approximation and estrangement with the indigenous population / O estudo trata das relações existentes entre as estâncias missioneiras e as reduções jesuíticas. Pretende-se compreender como se davam estas relações entre a estância de La Cruz, no lado oriental do rio Uruguai localizada na fronteira oeste do atual Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; e a redução de La Cruz, do lado ocidental do mesmo rio, - localizada na fronteira leste da atual Província de Corrientes, Argentina, no período de 1629 a 1828. A partir da perspectiva da administração colonial da América espanhola e do papel da Igreja Católica Romana nesse território foi possível entender e discutir a organização e a produção interna de toda a Província Jesuítica do Paraguai e principalmente da redução de La Cruz e sua estância. As relações entre o povo da Cruz com grupos indígenas como as nações dos charruas e dos minuanos no espaço alegadamente pertencente à coroa Espanhola, também foram referidas, levando em conta aspectos aplicáveis aos conceitos de fronteira, limite, espaço e região. Igualmente foi tratado o papel das estâncias missioneiras no território das Missões Orientais do Uruguai, em especial a estância de La Cruz, em um período de várias discussões diplomáticas entre as coroas Ibéricas, sob disputas e conflitos que determinavam aproximação e distanciamento com a população indígena

L’Institut des Hautes Etudes Industrielles et Commerciales de Tianjin, fondé en 1923 et dirigé par les jésuites français, est destiné à la jeunesse chinoise : leur fournir une formation professionnelle de haut niveau comme dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur de l’Europe, et par eux gagner une bienveillance pour la mission catholique en Chine ; les autorités françaises, espérant distribuer l’influence française, subventionnent cette œuvre dès l’origine et la soutiennent en cas de besoin. L’Institut fut officiellement reconnu par le gouvernement chinois comme « Collège de Gong Shang » en 1933, et « Université de Jingu » en 1948. Il fut enfin nationalisé par le régime communiste en 1951. Cette thèse vise la fondation de l’Ecole, ses évolutions et ses développements dans les changements politiques et sociaux de la Chine moderne ; elle analyse ses rapports avec le monde catholique et les autorités chinoises et étrangères. Malgré une courte période d’existence, comment l’Ecole a écrit ses pages d’histoires ? Est-elle parvenue au but de sa fondation ? Et enfin, sa fermeture est-elle une histoire de héros ? / Kung Shang University of Tianjin, founded in 1923 and directed by the Jesuits, was meant for Chinese youth: provide them with a vocational training of high level like in the educational establishments in Europe and through them gain some favour for the Catholic Mission in China; French authorities, hoping an expansion of the French influence, support this enterprise from the beginning and support it again whenever needed. The Institute was officially recognized by the Chinese Government as “Gongshang College” in 1933, and “Jingu University” in 1948. It was later nationalized by the Communist Regime in 1951. This thesis questions the foundation of this school, its evolution and developments in the context of the socio-political changes of Modern China. It analyses its interactions between the Catholic world and the political authorities, Chinese and Foreign. Within a short period of existence, how did the school write its pages of history? Which pages did it write? Has it reached out the purpose of its foundation? Lastly, its closure. A Hero’s story?

Les Jésuites ont dirigé le Collège Notre-Dame de Mongré à Villefranche-sur-Saône (Rhône) de 1851 à 1951. Ouvert avec la loi Falloux, en 1850, l'établissement a permis la scolarisation de jeunes de l'aristocratie nobiliaire et bourgeoise. Le Ratio studiorum de la Compagnie de Jésus a été la méthode d'enseignement. Un catholicisme intransigeant s'est accommodé des exigences du baccalauréat dont la préparation était de plus en plus demandée par les familles. Le Collège a formé à la spiritualité des « trois blancheurs », la Vierge-Marie, le Pape et l'Eucharistie. L'éducation missionnaire s'est portée sur l'Inde et le Proche-Orient, lieux de missions jésuites. Après les épreuves des décrets de 1880, le catholicisme social a fait sentir son influence dans l'enseignement. Les lois de 1901 et 1904 ont provoqué le départ des Jésuites et l'ouverture d'un Collège d'exil à Bollengo (Italie). La place de maîtres laïcs est devenue plus importante. Confisqué par l'État, le Collège a été racheté par l'Association des Anciens Élèves et a rouvert en 1913. Après la guerre 1914-1918, les Jésuites ont repris leur enseignement et cherché à mêler au Ratio studiorum le scoutisme et les méthodes actives au nom de la reconquête catholique. Les Jésuites ont voulu faire retour à la tradition de l'ancien Collège. La Congrégation mariale, forme traditionnelle de l'éducation d'une élite religieuse, a été associée à la Croisade eucharistique, l'ACJF et la JEC. L'humanisme chrétien s'est heurté aux effets de la crise économique et sociale de 1929-1932. Après la guerre 1939-1945pendant laquelle le Collège est devenu un Scolasticat, les Jésuites ont décidé de ne pas reprendre l'enseignement pour se consacrer à d'autres apostolats. / The Jesuits managed the Notre-Dame middle school of Mongré in Villefranche-sur-Saône (Rhône) from 1851 till 1951. Opened with the law Falloux, in 1850, the establishment allowed the schooling of young people of the nobiliary and bourgeois aristocracy. The Ratio studiorum of the Society of Jesus was the teaching method. An inflexible Catholicism adapted requirements of the high school diploma the preparation of which was more and more asked by families. The Middle school trained in the spirituality of « three whiteness », the Virgin Mary, the Pope and the Eucharist. The educationmissionary concerned to India and the Near East, the places of Jesuit missions. After the events of the decrees of 1880, the social Catholicism made feel its influence in the education. The laws of 1901 and 1904 provoked the departure of the Jesuits and the opening of a Middle school of exile to Bollengo ( Italy). The place of laïc teachers became more important. Seized by the State, the Middle school was acquired by the Association of the Alumni and reopened in 1913. After the war 1914-1918, the Jesuits took back their education and tried to mix with the Ratio studiorum the scouting and the active methods in the name of the catholic reconquest. The Jesuits wanted to make return for the tradition of the old Middle school. The Marian Congregation, the traditional shape of the education of a religious elite, was associated with the eucharisticCrusade, the ACJF and the JEC. The Christian humanism came up against the economic and social crisis of 1929-1932. After the war 1939-1945 during which the Middle school became Scolasticat, the Jesuits decided not to take back the teaching to dedicate itself to other apostolates.

En 1728, à Toulon, Jean-Baptiste Girard, 48 ans, jésuite, est accusé d’avoir abusé d’une de ses jeunes pénitentes, Catherine Cadière, 19 ans, disposée aux élans mystiques. Le fait divers, banal pour l’Ancien Régime, se transforme en affaire. En 1731, un procès s’ouvre à Aix-en-Provence. Il s’inscrit dans le contexte de la lutte séculaire entre jésuites, jansénistes et philosophes, qui conduit à la condamnation et à l’exclusion des premiers. L’opinion publique se passionne : on se divise, on s’invective, on rit ; les polygraphes, les satiristes comme les épistoliers contribuent à diffuser le récit et le commentaire des péripéties de la procédure. Un des enjeux de notre travail est d’explorer la pluralité des productions écrites et iconographiques du XVIIIe siècle : mandements, poésies, factums, Nouvelles ecclésiastiques, estampes, correspondances. Au final, beaucoup de bruit pour rien : le jésuite comme la pénitente sont relaxés. Pour autant, l’affaire n’est pas terminée. Elle a ébranlé la forteresse jésuite et montré la détermination de ses adversaires. Peu de temps après, l’attentat de Damiens, puis la banqueroute de Lavalette, confirmeront la force de cet antijésuitisme. Au XIXe siècle (avec Michelet, entre autres), comme au XXe siècle, l’histoire resurgit, selon les enjeux du temps. On réécrit son déroulement, en ajoutant des éléments de fiction, ou en l’utilisant à des fins polémiques. Notre intérêt s’est porté sur les rapports entre histoire et littérature et sur les transformations, toujours recommencées, de la mémoire de l’affaire. Ce processus s’explique par les éléments croustillants et mystérieux de l’histoire, qui permettent à chacun de s’y retrouver. / In 1728, JBG, a 48-year-old Jesuit in Toulon, was accused of abusing one of his penitents, Catherine Cadière, a 9-year-old with a tendency for mysical fervour. Though commonplace at the time, the event grew into a public scandal. The case was brought to court in Aix-en-Provence in 1731, in the context of an age-old struggle for power opposing Jesuits, Jansenists and philosophers. Public opinion was fiercely divided : polygraphs, satirists, letter-writers all reported and commented on this eventful case. Our work intends to explore the numerous written or graphic documents published in the 18th century : poems, prints, letters. All in all, much ado about nothing since both JBG and CC were discharged. The controversy, owever, was not over : it weakened the Jesuit influence and showed the determination of its enemies. Shortly thereafter, the candals of Damiens' assassination attempt and Lavalette's bankruptcy confirmed the strength of the anti-Jesuit movement. The tory was revived -by Michelet among others- throughout the 19th and the 20th centuries, always rewritten, with the addition of fictitious elements, for polemic purposes. Our study deals with the connection between history and literature and the ever-fluctuating recollection of the event.

Les pratiques religieuses des personnes d’origine indienne à l’île de La Réunion, ancienne colonie française, présentent une originalité. De nombreuses familles se revendiquent à la fois du catholicisme et de l’hindouisme. Cette situation relève-t-elle d’une accommodation de l’hindouisme au catholicisme, où d’une ancienne domination d’un culte sur l’autre ? Les précédents travaux réalisés sur cette question mettent en avant les excès commis par des prêtres catholiques à l'encontre des immigrants indiens durant la période de l’engagisme, du milieu du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle. Ces travaux, initiés durant la décennie 1980, avancent la thèse d’une persécution de l’Église sur les Indiens, aboutissant à la « double pratique », conséquence directe supposée de ces excès. Cette thèse entend réexaminer les arguments avancés, et tente d’analyser la situation religieuse des engagés indiens durant cette période. Les éléments sont étudiés au prisme du monde social et religieux au XIXe siècle. Dans une perspective comparatiste, la situation d’autres diasporas, comme l’île Maurice, est questionnée, de même que la question des religions dans le contexte national. L’évolution des relations entre l’Église et le Pouvoir durant la troisième République est abordée. Si leur proximité est certaine au début de la colonisation, ces liens restent très forts même après la Révolution, mais l’action des républicains en France hexagonale et dans les colonies a des conséquences la position du catholicisme. La vitalité des cultes hindouistes sur les plantations sucrières, la présence de nombreux engagés issus des comptoirs français de Pondichéry, région ayant connu une forte activité missionnaire au XIXe siècle, les interactions entre les différents cultes sur ces territoires sont autant de facteurs qui nous permettent d’aborder la question sous l’angle des échanges et des contacts entre les religions. Ceux-ci ont lieu bien avant le XIXe en Inde et dans les Mascareignes, leur étude au XVIIIe siècle apporte un éclairage sur l’adhésion aux deux sphères religieuses par les Indiens de La Réunion. À partir de ces nouvelles perspectives, et à contre-courant de la thèse diffusée dans les années 1980, la population d’origine indienne de La Réunion est présentée au XIXe siècle comme actrice de son intégration à la société créole, et du processus historique à l’œuvre dans ses pratiques religieuses. / The religious practices of people of Indian origin in Reunion Island, former French colony, get an originality. Many families claim to belong both from Catholicism and Hinduism. Is this situation stem from an accommodation of Hinduism to Catholicism, or from an old domination of one cult on the other? Previous works on this issue highlight the excesses committed by Catholic priests against Indian immigrants during the indenture period, from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. These works, initiated during the 1980s, advance the argument of a persecution of the Church on the Indians, leading to the "double religious practice", a direct consequence of these supposed excesses. This PhD thesis intends to reexamine the arguments put forward, and tries to analyze the religious situation of the indentured Indian during this period. The elements are studied through the prism of the social and religious world in the nineteenth century. In a comparative perspective, the situation of other diasporas, such as Mauritius, is questioned, as is the question of religions in the national context. The evolution of relations between the Church and the Power during the Third French Republic is discussed. Although their proximity is certain at the beginning of the colonization, these links remain very strong even after the French Revolution, but the action of the Republicans in mainland France and in the colonies impacts the position of Catholicism. The vitality of the worship of the Hindu working in the sugar plantations, the presence of many indentured labourers from the “Comptoir français” of Pondicherry, a region which boasted a strong Catholic missionaries activity in the nineteenth century, the interactions between the different worships on these territories are all factors that allow us to address the question from the angle of interactions and contacts between religions. These take place way before the 19th century in India and the Mascarenes. Their study in the eighteenth century shed light on the adhesion to both religious spheres by the Indians of Reunion Island. From these new perspectives, running counter to the theses released in the 1980s, the population of Indian origin of Reunion Island is presented in the nineteenth century as a development actor of its integration into the Creole society, and of the historical religious practices process.

The object of this thesis is to analyze the presence of the pedagogical ekphrastic elements in the novel The Story of The Predestined Pilgrim and his Brother Reprobate by Father Alexandre de Gusmmão. In the past this novel has been an obscure masterpiece outside the circle of those who study early Portuguese language works. In the last half century there has been a crescendo of the study of this novel as more scholars have taken an interest in the pilgrimage motif and in particular using this novel in comparative literature. A monumental contribution to bring this novel out of obscurity is the recent publication of its English translation by Christopher C. Lund. His efforts make this work more accessible to students and scholars who will become enlightened by its contents. His English translation has been used exclusively and is the enabling factor for this study of pedagogical ekphrastic elements contained in the novel. Pilgrimage is a frequent motif in seventeenth-century literature. His pilgrimage is the narrative of two polar opposite brothers whose journeys take them to six cities. As they traverse these cities, the brothers make choices that lead them to their final destinations of Jerusalem, the symbol of heaven, and Babylon, which depicts hell. Gusmmão emphasizes early on that their choices will cause them to be separated forever. Ekphrases are used to enrich and capture the reader's attention to the teachings of Gusmmão through the choices placed before each brother. Gusmmão employs whit, charm, characterization, ekphrases, vignettes, and allegory, with the poignant pedagogical objective to cause the reader to decide if he or she is a predestined or a reprobate and would be satisfied with the inevitable outcomes. I review the socio-historic presence of the Jesuits in Brazil as well as their remarkable pedagogical influence. Ekphrasis is studied as to its origins and its longevity throughout the centuries and how scholars have defined ekphrasis. The essence of this thesis is the extraction and examination of two hundred and forty-one ekphrastic passages from the novel and the analysis of their pedagogical value along with their pictorial elements. It is important to note that the findings of this study loudly affirm Gusmão's use of pedagogical ekphrastic elements as they were detected abundantly in all but ten of the sixty-three chapters included in his novel. The literary richness created by Gusmão's use of ekphrasis so predominantly throughout his novel is indicative of his stature as a pedagogical literary master.