Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Halle-Wittenberg--Martin-Luther-Universität, 2001. / Bibliogr. p. 351-389. Notes bibliogr.

This thesis studies Moenawar Chalil's reformist thought, as it was patterned after that of earlier reformists. Issues which have been long formed the heritage of religious reform appear therein, ranging from a call to return to the original sources of Islam to condemnation of popular religious practices. In his approach to Qur'an-interpretation, Chalil stripped the texts of legendary traits, rejected the principle of naskh, offered a particular approach to the interpretation of the mutashabihat verses and emphasized the i'jaz 'aqli/. His aim was to revitalize the Qur'an's function as a guide for modern life and to stress its compatibility with present modes of thought. Chalil's call for the emulation of the Prophet's sunnah was designed to reestablish the latter's direct link to rulings of a legal nature. He urged greater scrutiny of the authenticity of hadiths in order to restore the simplicity of faith and to halt inappropriate practices falsely attributed to the Prophet's example. This attitude was the logical outcome of his puritan stance, which was also manifested in the scope of his ijtihad which he restricted only to matters related to the purification of 'aqidah and 'ibadah. Similarly, Chalil's total rejection of the practice of taqlid shows his puritan agenda which went beyond even that of the early reformists. This extreme position, however, led him to misunderstand the true meaning of taqlid and its role both in the procedures of the judicial system and in shaping the faith of the 'awamm. Chalil's concept of ittiba' did not assess the intellectual state of the 'awamm, whose inability to detect the reasons behind the proofs meant that they would inevitably have to remain in a state of taqlid. Similarly, his call for the abandonment of the madhhab only helped to foster a new taqlid in response to this position. Also central to Chalil's reformist thought was his revision of the understanding of the basic tenets of Islam and his correction of the tradition

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This thesis studies human habitat in Palestine focusing on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This period, had witnessed changes on social texture, which was reflected on human habitation at various levels of: site and plan organization, size of dwellings and architectural form. The study presents a clear understanding of traditional dwellings of Alkhalil (Hebron), by placing them within their architectural and social contexts. The appearance of central hall house was part of this change / it was part of a fashion spread at the newly established neighborhoods of many Palestinian towns. Those houses are in the form of individual structures located in a defined property or garden surrounding each. A large group of buildings of this type of houses in Al-khalil are studied. Measured site survey supports the main hypothesis doing at how this fashion is found in Palestine as in other surrounding towns. The outcomes form the case study catalog focusing on Al-khalil / are compared with earlier dwelling (hosh) and with similar houses from surrounding Palestinian towns in growing circles. The main hypotheses establish the nature of this change, thus the analysis of the former and the later. To do this the earlier (Hosh) dwelling is being studied at different levels and periods. The site survey helped in understanding the traditional architectural and social values, which are maintained by the central-hall house inhabitants

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T18:44:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Jose Aparecido Ferreira Lopes_Parte1.pdf: 4184748 bytes, checksum: ef6135c06707b4b0266e2f1f65cf62de (MD5) Jose Aparecido Ferreira Lopes_Parte2.pdf: 3989808 bytes, checksum: 7be9dafbea3fd6536ffc113000fad081 (MD5) Jose Aparecido Ferreira Lopes_Parte3.pdf: 3888856 bytes, checksum: b0da6bd8bd3f9e58c1cae7b4a5690bd2 (MD5) Jose Aparecido Ferreira Lopes_Parte4.pdf: 3993085 bytes, checksum: 4e49917519bf00d3860fb4fb2ed28888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The research, literary and philosophical perspective, historical and sociological analysis in the sacred Gibran Khalil Gibran Arabic cultural context, from the original work in English and best-selling book The Prophet. The goal is to identify and highlight the sacred and its various aspects and manifestations at the thought of Gibran Khalil Gibran. The study aims to contribute to the academy and the Brazilian society and take the first steps through the knowledge of the Arabic legacy of mission life and works of the philosopher, artist, poet and mystic. The analysis is relevant to the text, so the context of produce from experiences from the study of Arabic language and acting as Protestant missionary in the Kingdom of Morocco and Egypt in the years 1992 to 2001. From Rudolf Otto and Mircea Eliade, As theoretical references, the researcher worked literature literary method. / A pesquisa, numa perspectiva literário-filosófica e histórico-sociológica, analisa o Sagrado em Gibran Khalil, Gibran no contexto cultural árabe, a partir da obra original em inglês e best-seller The Prophet, O Profeta. O objetivo é identificar e destacar o Sagrado e seus diversos aspectos e manifestações no pensamento de Gibran Khail, Gibran. O estudo visa contribuir com a Academia e a sociedade brasileira e dar os primeiros passos no conhecimento do legado árabe, através da missão de vida e nas obras do filósofo, artista, poeta e místico. As análises são pertinentes ao texto, portanto, contexto do produzir a partir de vivências provenientes do estudo da língua árabe e atuação como missionário protestante, no reino do Marrocos e Egito, nos anos de 1992 a 2001. A partir de Rudolf Otto, e Mircea Eliade como referenciais teóricos. O pesquisador trabalhou através do método de pesquisa bibliográfica literária.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur fem pedagoger arbetar med barns språkutveckling i relation till hur arbetet med barnens modersmål pågår. Studien har använt en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer av fem pedagoger från fem olika verksamheter. Studien angrips utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Tidigare forskningen belyser hur olika miljöer erbjuder olika möjligheter till handling och att läraren behöver ha kunskaper om barns andraspråk och kulturer. Detta sker genom möten med barn och föräldrar. Denna studie visar att barnens modersmålutveckling sker återkommande i dagliga aktiviteter som att läsa böcker, sjunga sånger och leka lekar. Det framkom att de flesta pedagoger inte vet hur de ska stödja barnens modersmålutveckling trots att de flesta av barnen har ett annat modersmål än svenska. Pedagogerna tycker att det är svårt när man inte kan barnens modersmål, men de engagerar sig genom att visa intresse för och uppmärksamma barnens modersmål på olika sätt.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse methods used in translation of the Arabic poetry written in a quantitative metre based on the syllable length to Czech, regarding its form and preserving, substitution or elimination of the classical Arabis metre, and to try to propose a new, alternative method of translation that would corresponded with demands of the Czech prosody but also would preserve - at least partially - some typical elements of the Arabic poetry. In the first part of this thesis the basic character of the Arabic prosody is explained and the two basic formal components of the Arabic metric poetry are introduced: the quantitative metre and the continuous rhyme scheme. Then, a comparison of the Arabic verse to several European systems is provided. In the second part, the existing Czech translations of the Arabic poetry are summarized, especially regarding the metric poetry, and the attention is also paid to the way in which the translators deal with the formal components of the translated verses. The crucial parts of this thesis are the third part and the forth part. The third part includes the overview of the possible ways to translate the Arabic metric poetry with regard to the metre and the rhyme scheme. It presents four individual ways: complete preservation of the metre, its complete...

I denna uppsats undersöks vilka språkattityder som kan synliggöras i recensioner av de tre böckerna Till vår ära (2001), Ett öga rött (2003) och Yani (2022), som samtliga är skrivna helt eller delvis på multietniskt ungdomsspråk. Syftet är att analysera hur attityder till multietniskt ungdomsspråk har förändrats sedan början av 2000-talet fram till 2022. Arbetet vilar på centrala begrepp från sociolingvistiken och en kombination av verktyg för att analysera interpersonella drag i en text. Dessa analysverktyg är hämtade från den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken samt teori för metakommunikation och utgör tillsammans uppsatsens metod. De frågeställningar jag avser besvara är vilka attityder till multietniskt ungdomsspråk som kan blottläggas i bokrecensionerna, och hur dessa attityder har förändrats under tidsperioden 2001–2022. Resultaten visar att det har skett en förändring i attityder under den studerade tidsperioden. Det går från en uppfattning om att multietniskt ungdomsspråk visserligen är nyskapande och normbrytande men ändå inkorrekt, ofullständigt och svårläst, till övervägande positiva attityder där språket menas fylla en funktion i boken, och fokus förskjuts mer till läsaren än till språket i sig. Detta kan tänkas höra ihop med en större demografisk förändring i samhället där antalet utlandsfödda ökar, och det multietniska ungdomsspråket inte längre är lika ifrågasatt. Samtidigt framgår det att recensenterna sitter på en position där de kan förhandla om språkets plats i samhället utifrån sin roll som kulturella grindvaktare. Undersökningen visar även att en kombination av metoder från systemisk-funktionell grammatik och metakommunikation fungerar väl för att synliggöra attityder i ett material.

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