This dissertation examines the relation between occupational exposure to the solvent methylene chloride and mortality in a cohort of cellulose fiber production workers. The first paper, entitled The Mortality of Cellulose Fiber Production Workers, presents the main results of the mortality follow-up of the cellulose fiber workers cohort through September 1, 1986. Mortality from neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease among cellulose fiber production workers is compared to that of the U.S. and local (county level) populations, while controlling for the effects of gender, race, calendar period, and age. Mortality from cancers of the lung, breast, and pancreas, and ischemic heart disease was less than expected. Excess mortality was observed for melanoma of the skin, cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, tumors of the liver and biliary tract, and accidental deaths. Three deaths from cancer of the bile ducts were observed (3 observed, 0.15 expected, SMR=20). This is the first known report of an association between exposure to methylene chloride and cancer of the bile ducts. [TRUNCATED]

O presente trabalho parte da análise das condições e das relações de trabalho nas empresas de ônibus do ABC Paulista, assim como da análise da satisfação dos usuários desse serviço, para demonstrar a maneira como a condição de precariedade dessas relações impactam não apenas na vida dos trabalhadores, mas também na vida dos milhões de usuários que utilizam esse serviço de transporte diariamente. Para a análise das relações de trabalho, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com motoristas e cobradores de ônibus das empresas de transporte da região, além de diversas horas de pesquisa etnográfica em coletivos de diversas linhas. Com relação aos pressupostos teóricos, partiu-se do diagnóstico de que a partir da década de 1980 o trabalho no mundo passou por diversas modificações que se materializaram na flexibilização e intensificação do trabalho e resultaram em uma situação de precariedade, difundida nas mais diversas áreas do mercado de trabalho. / This dissertation is based on the labor sociology diagnosis that the labor has deeply changed after the eighties due to the spread of the flexibilization and intensification of labor, that resulted in a condition of precariety that is widespread over the labors world. Departing from the analysis of labor in bus companies and from the opinion of bus users, we tried to demonstrate that labors precariety affects not only the workers life, but has clear impacts on the life of millions of users that are dependant of the service on their routine. To analyze labors condition and users satisfaction, we have made several in depth interviews with workers from the bus companies of the region and also with people that regularly uses the bus services in the region. Both these interviews were complemented by etnographical research that has been performed over several bus lines.

Vilka möjligheter en upphandlande myndighet bör ha att ställa arbetsrättsliga krav vid offentlig upphandling är en omdebatterad fråga. I Sverige infördes i januari 2017 ny lagstiftning om offentlig upphandling, vilken kompletterades i juni 2017 med bl.a. ett krav på att myndigheter, i vissa fall, ska ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor. I uppsatsen undersöks de nya bestämmelserna i LOU, för att utreda när arbetsrättsliga villkor får respektive ska ställas vid offentlig upphandling. Vidare undersöks huruvida bestämmelserna är förenliga med EU-rätten, de grundläggande principerna och LOU-direktivets bakomliggande syften. Av uppsatsen framgår att en upphandlande myndighet kan ta arbetsrättsliga hänsyn på flera olika sätt i olika moment av upphandlingen och att det skiljer sig från upphandling till upphandling vilka villkor som får ställas. Det framkommer även att kraven för att en upphandlande myndighet ska få ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor som fullgörandevillkor vid en offentlig upphandling är att villkoren ska ha koppling till kontraktsföremålet, vara tydliga och framgå av upphandlingsdokumenten, vara förenliga med de EU-rättsliga principerna, och vara möjliga att kontrollera samt följa upp. I vissa fall finns det även ett krav på att en upphandlande myndighet ska ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor såsom fullgörandevillkor. Den upphandlande myndigheten ska ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor vid upphandlingar som överstiger tröskelvärdena, som inte avser sociala eller andra särskilda tjänster och som har påbörjats 1 juni 2017 eller senare, förutsatt att det är behövligt och villkoren går att fastställa. De krav som den upphandlande myndigheten ska ställa, förutsatt att ovan nämnda rekvisit är uppfyllda, är krav på minimivillkor om lön, semester och arbetstid. Nivåerna ska hämtas från ett centralt kollektivavtal som är allmänt tillämpligt i den aktuella branschen. Nivån får dock inte vara lägre än vad som framgår av lag. Om det inte går att fastställa ett av villkoren behöver inte det villkoret ställas, dock ska de andra ställas. Vidare ska villkoren vara proportionerliga och framgå direkt av upphandlingsdokumenten. I uppsatsen framgår dessutom att även om bestämmelserna om arbetsrättsliga villkor går utöver de krav som ställs i LOU-direktivet torde de vara förenliga med EU-rätten och de grundläggande principerna. Bestämmelserna kan dock inte anses vara förenliga med LOU- direktivets kompletterande mål, att skapa ett enklare regelverk. Även om bestämmelserna inte är förenliga med det kompletterande målet är de befogade eftersom syftet med att ställa arbetsrättsliga villkor, att motverka social dumping och oskäliga arbetsvillkor, torde väga tyngre än att till varje pris skapa ett så enkelt regelverk som möjligt.

Orientador: Carlos Salas Paez / Texto em inglês / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T07:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mchafu_Hawa_M.pdf: 2464235 bytes, checksum: eb9cbaccd4ba54aca92d2edc52b668eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A categoria de gênero é um aspecto importante na analise da estrutura social de cada país. A dimensão de gênero ganhou relevância devido à expansão das diferenças sociais entre homens e mulheres. Na Tanzânia, esta brecha levou muitas mulheres e suas famílias à pobreza. O ativista de gênero tenta analisar as dimensões de gênero destinadas a ajudar as mulheres e para combater com o bem-estar social e desenvolvimento econômico. Mas o ativismo precisa de um sólido conhecimento da realidade. Portanto, esta tese, utilizando diferentes fontes de informação, tem como objetivo analisar as principais causas e fatores que estimulam a desigualdade de gênero dentro da sociedade. Esta tese enfatiza a necessidade de resposta do governo diante das desigualdades de gênero, através da implementação de políticas e a revisão das políticas governamentais. Entendo que o governo não está fazendo o suficiente para garantir a mentalidade e a mudança de atitude da sociedade contra as desigualdades de gênero entre homens e mulheres dentro da sociedade, o que poderia ajudar a erradicar a segregação e discriminação na sociedade. A tese pode ajudar os atores governamentais, atores sociais e econômicos numa campanha para uma política anti-discriminação e a favor de regulamentos que motivem a igualdade de gênero e ajudem a transformar a sociedade, visando o desenvolvimento econômico e o bem-estar social das mulheres / Abstract: Gender is an important aspect in the social economic development of every country. Gender dimension has been in hot discussions after expansion of gender gap between male and female. This has led most women and their families into poverty. The gender activist tries to analyze gender dimensions aimed at helping women and tackling the social welfare and economic development issues. Therefore, this thesis by using different sources of information came up with the main causes and factor stimulating gender inequality within the society. This Thesis unveils government's response towards gender inequalities through policy implementation and re-examining of government policies. Not only that, the report also finding that government is not doing enough to ensure the mindset up and attitudinal change of society against gender inequalities between male and female within the society, the thing could help to eradicate gender segregation and discrimination in the society. The Thesis would be beneficial to policy makers, social and economic actors in the campaigning for anti-discrimination policy and regulations which will motivate gender equality and transform society into economic development and social welfare among women in the society / Mestrado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico

CSR has become a tool for global corporations to justify their outsourcing practices in other countries. Despite these CSR policies, reports reveal that labor rights violations are common in these supply chains, and not at least in the garment industry. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore how a global clothing company’s CSR policy on labor rights is working on the ground and which factors that influence its implementation. Interviews with factory workers and experts on the topic have taken place in one of India’s largest garment hubs. The findings are based on thematical analysis and the analysis suggests that the global brand (H&M) could improve the situation by taking certain actions though several external factors also have an affect. The responsibility for poor labor conditions needs to be divided between multiple actors who all have a duty to act within their spheres of influence. The study concludes that the underlying problem of economic exploitation must be brought to an end through increased cooperation between global companies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SAMIA NEVES MACIEL DE CARVALHO AMORIM.pdf: 735961 bytes, checksum: 4a03ad2a148eacec6377bc8f73ea243b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-27 / This study presents results of a quantitative and qualitative exploratory study about the occurrence of vocal problems and stress among teachers of primary education in Goiânia, comparing between genders. It uses blank forms with open and closed questions about their social-economic and health situation, interviews by saturation of information and tests for voice and stress evaluation. It shows the relation between vocal disorder and stress and the precariousness of the labor conditions to which teachers are submitted and shows these have a heavier impact on women. It identifies a high incidence of vocal disorders (65,6%) and stress (55%) and relates these symptoms to occupational health. It concludes that there is a need for establishing programs that consider the influence of labor conditions on professional health, including vocal and mental health. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo exploratório quantitativo e qualitativo sobre a ocorrência de problemas vocais e estresse em professores/as do ensino fundamental de Goiânia, com uma transversalidade de gênero. Utiliza formulários com questões abertas e fechadas sobre a situação socioeconômica e de saúde, entrevistas por saturação de informação e testes para avaliação de voz e estresse. Estabelece a relação entre distúrbio vocal e estresse com a precariedade do trabalho a que estão submetidos os/as professores/as e mostra maior impacto sobre as mulheres. Identifica uma alta incidência de distúrbios vocais e de estresse e constata esses sintomas como um problema de saúde do trabalhador. Conclui sobre a necessidade de estabelecer programas que levem em consideração a influência dos fatores do trabalho sobre a saúde profissional, dentre eles a saúde vocal e a saúde mental.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-02-28T12:17:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 heloisacampospaschoalin.pdf: 1872449 bytes, checksum: 8633462ebac5aa30da4910380ce0fdb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-01T15:44:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 heloisacampospaschoalin.pdf: 1872449 bytes, checksum: 8633462ebac5aa30da4910380ce0fdb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T15:44:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 heloisacampospaschoalin.pdf: 1872449 bytes, checksum: 8633462ebac5aa30da4910380ce0fdb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O presenteísmo é definido como a presença física do funcionário no trabalho, porém, devido a problemas físicos ou mentais, não consegue desempenhar, em sua plenitude, suas atividades laborais. Leva a uma diminuição da produtividade, podendo impactar ainda mais o processo de trabalho do que o absenteísmo. Na enfermagem, o presenteísmo pode trazer sérias consequências à organização do trabalho, comprometendo a saúde dos trabalhadores e a assistência prestada. Foram traçados como objetivos: geral: Descrever o presenteísmo e analisar sua associação com fatores ocupacionais e com as condições de saúde entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem de um Hospital Universitário em Juiz de Fora- MG; específicos: Traduzir para o português brasileiro, adaptar culturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas, a confiabilidade e a validade do instrumento utilizado para mensurar o presenteísmo: Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6); identificar a prevalência de presenteísmo entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem; avaliar fatores ocupacionais associados ao presenteísmo entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem e testar a associação entre o presenteísmo e as condições de saúde autorreferida da equipe de enfermagem. Desenvolveu-se um estudo seccional com 271 trabalhadores de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário-entrevista aplicado por entrevistadores no período de agosto e setembro de 2011. O questionário foi constituído de parte adaptada do instrumento já testado e validado em pesquisa realizada no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, da versão reduzida da “Escala de Esforço e Recompensa” e do “Stanford Presenteeism Scale” (SPS-6). O processo de adaptação do SPS-6 incluiu seis aspectos de equivalência (conceitual, semântica, operacional, de itens, de medida e funcional). As análises tomaram por base um estudo de confiabilidade teste-reteste realizado em subamostra de 50 trabalhadores do estudo principal. Os resultados sugerem adequação do instrumento na sua versão em português brasileiro, indicando seu uso no contexto da população de estudo e em populações semelhantes. Os principais motivos do presenteísmo descritos foram: a ausência sobrecarrega os colegas e a ausência compromete a assistência prestada. Os agravos de saúde que mais afetaram o desempenho dos trabalhadores foram cefaleia/enxaqueca; alergias, asma, rinite; problemas intestinais e estomacais e problemas de coluna. Entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, a idade esteve associada ao presenteísmo, sendo os trabalhadores com idade até 40 anos os que apresentaram maior queda de desempenho. Quanto às variáveis ocupacionais, identificou-se associação entre o presenteísmo com o desejo em abandonar a enfermagem, o esforço e o excesso de comprometimento. Aqueles com estado de saúde regular/ruim foram os que mais apresentaram o presenteísmo, sendo ainda identificado associação entre o absenteísmo por doença e o presenteísmo. Ao analisar a associação das variáveis de estudo e as duas dimensões de presenteísmo propostas pelo SPS-6, trabalho finalizado e concentração mantida, foram evidenciados escores mais baixos na dimensão concentração mantida. O presenteísmo, portanto, diminuiu a capacidade de concentração, interferindo negativamente no processo de trabalho dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e na saúde dos trabalhadores. / The presenteeism is described as the physical presence of the employees in the workplace however due to physical or mental problems they are not able to fulfil their professional tasks. It may lead to a loss of work productivity and it may bring even more consequences on the work process comparing to absenteeism. Considering nursing field presenteeism may trigger serious effects on the organization of work affecting workers’ health and the provided assistance. The aims of this study were outlined as following: General: describe presenteeism and analyze its association with occupational factors and health conditions among nursing team in an University Hospital in Juiz de Fora – MG; Specific: to translate to Brazilian Portuguese, to proceed a cultural adaptation and to assess psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the instrument selected to measure presenteeism: Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6); to identify the prevalence of presenteeism among nursing team; to assess occupational factors associated with presenteeism among nursing professionals and test the association between presenteeism and health conditions of nursing team. A cross-sectional study with 27 nursing workers was developed. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire-interview applied by interviewers from August to September 2011. The questionnaire was made from a part of the instrument which has already been tested and validated during a research carried out in Oswaldo Cruz Institut, FIOCRUZ, considering a reduced version of “Effort and Reward Scale” and “Stanford Presenteeism Scale” (SPS-6). SPS adaptation process included six aspects of equivalence (conceptual, semantic, operational, item, measure, functional equivalences). The analyses were based on the study of test-retest reliability carried out with a subsample of 50 workers from the main study. Results suggest an adequacy of the instrument taking into account its Brazilian Portuguese version indicating its use in the context of the study population and in other similar populations. The main reasons of the described presenteeism were the absence causing an overload of demands to their work colleagues. Thus this absence affects the provided assistance. Health hazards that affect the most workers’ performance were headache/migraine, allergies, asthma, rhinitis, stomach and intestinal problems and spinal problems. Taking into consideration socio demographic variables, age was associated with presenteeism as workers aged up to 40 years old have shown the highest level of loss in their performance. Concerning occupational variables we have identified association between presenteeism with desire to quit nursing, job strain and excessive commitment. We have found presenteeism in those who presented fair/poor health. In this way an association between absenteeism, disease and presenteeism was identified. The moment we had analyzed an association between the study variables and the two dimensions of presenteeism proposed by SPS-6, completing work and concentration maintained, we have noticed lower scores in the dimension concentration maintained. Thus presenteeism resulted in a decrease in the ability to concentrate, interfering in a negative way in the work of nursing team and in workers’ health.

This thesis is focused on the labor conditions of garment industry in developing countries. The text is structured as a comparative case study that is concerned with the situation in Cambodia and Bangladesh. Case studies of these countries describe domestic garment industry, its general and specific problems and a rate of compliance with labor standards. The goal of the thesis is to determine whether international organizations have an influence on the improvement of labor conditions in developing countries and compare it with other relevant actors. In this particular case the attention is focused on the International Labor Organization which manages its supportive programs in both countries but in a different manner. A pilot ILO program focused on the private sector has started in Cambodia thirteen years ago while in Bangladesh ILO had managed to run traditional program focused on the public sector until the Rana Plaza tragedy. Moreover, in the case of Bangladesh is a characterization of change after the tragedy. The thesis examines innovative ILO program that focuses on the monitoring of the garment factories, its functioning and outcomes. It also examines the role of ILO and its orientation by a theory of institutional change: whether it is possible to restore efficacy of one of the oldest...

Ante la rápida inserción de la interpretación simultánea remota (RSI) en el mercado laboral limeño, durante el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19, esta investigación analiza el efecto de la RSI en las condiciones laborales de los intérpretes a través de su experiencia de adaptación. Para lograrlo, se utilizó un diseño explicativo secuencial de método mixto a partir de la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a intérpretes limeños con experiencia en RSI. Los resultados indican que los cambios en el lugar de trabajo, la reconfiguración del mercado y la dinámica laboral generan estrés, agotamiento e incertidumbre. Asimismo, para adaptarse a estos cambios y reducir los impactos negativos, los intérpretes requieren fortalecer sus habilidades duras y blandas. Se concluye que, a pesar de la precarización de las condiciones laborales, la experiencia de adaptación resultó satisfactoria. / In view of Remote Simultaneous Interpreting's (RSI) rapid entry into the local market during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research analyzes its effect on interpreter's working conditions through their adaptation process. Surveys and interviews were used in a mixed-method design. Results suggest that changes at work, in the marketplace, and in new ways of interaction due to the use of Zoom create more stress, burnout, and uncertainty. As a coping strategy towards these negative impacts, interpreters have strengthened their hard and soft skills as part of their adaptation process. It can be concluded that despite worsening work conditions, the adaptation experience has been satisfactory. / Trabajo de investigación

本研究欲達成之主要目的為分析我國國際觀光旅館業人力運用之概況、特性與相關問題，以及勞動條件、人力資源管理實務之現況，以及實踐於個案國際觀光旅館業之情形。 本研究主要以深度訪談法進行，分別針對G酒店、H大飯店以及L大飯店三家國際觀光旅館之人資部門主管人員進行深度訪談。訪談內容包括勞動條件、適用勞基法之情形、人力資源運用與人力資源管理實務，以及產業競爭環境下未來人力資源管理策略等相關議題。 經由相關文獻與深度訪談之分析，本研究發現高基層人力比例、部分工時人員與外包人力等彈性人力資源之運用，均為我國國際觀光旅館業從業人員之特殊結構屬性。另一方面，國際觀光旅館業提供的勞動條件普遍偏低，人力運用方面則重視數量及功能上的彈性運用，人力資源管理實務則於個案旅館中因經營管理型態而稍有差異，而未來國際觀光旅館業的營業擴展趨勢將使人力面臨短缺，而影響人力資源策略的形成。 / It has long been recognized that hotel industry generally suffered from shortage of human resource, relatively high turnover rate, and lower paying, no matter overseas or domestic. However, it is not an astonishing phenomenon for international tourist hotels which highlight the importance of service quality and attitude. Thus, human resource management is a critical element of operating performance in international tourist hotels. The topic for discussion of this research is exploring human resources management practice and relative issues in international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Therefore, analyzing labor conditions, practice of human resources management, as well as present application of human resources of international tourist hotels in Taiwan are subject of this study. The purposes of the research are listed: 1. Discussing the characteristic and profile of the international tourist hotels industry in Taiwan, along with the operation and conduct types, and business situation, such as operating income and cost, occupation rate, average room rate, customer category, and so on. 2. Discussing the general situation of human resources exercises, characteristic, practice, and related issues of international tourist hotels in Taiwan. 3. To dissect business profile and exercises of human resources, labor conditions, and human resource management practice of three case hotels. To implement the purposes, this research was processed by in-depth interview, during May on 2006. The interviewees are all supervisors at human resources department in G hotel, H hotel and L hotel. According to previous findings, issues involved in the questionnaire are labor conditions, manipulation of human resources, practice of human resources management of these three hotels, including recruitment, selection, promotion and merit, training, profile of turnover rate, and the human resource strategy under competitive industry environment in the future. There are three major results of this study. First, to utilize human resources in international tourist hotels, the numerical and functional flexibility are significant to adjust to business requirement. Such as overtime work, part-time worker, and outsourcing labor are common practices. Second, even though international tourist hotel industry applies to Labor Standards Act, labor conditions in international tourist hotel are rather inferior. Third, human resource management practices in the case hotels show kind of similar on system, with their own chain business type.