Dans la quête des pays du Sud de moyens de développement économiques en vue d'améliorer le bien-être collectif de leurs populations, ces dernières décennies ont connu une concurrence accrue entre les pays en développement pour attirer le plus grand volume d'investissement directs étrangers. Cette concurrence est devenue de plus en plus acharnée "race to the bottom" en raison de la difficulté accrue d'obtention de crédits auprès d'organismes de financement internationaux. Les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) constituent non seulement des sources de financement mais aussi un transfert de technologie et de savoir-faire industriel vers leurs économies. Une question centrale dans cette thèse, que nous avons tenté d'examiner en profondeur de manières théorique et empirique, consiste à comprendre les mécanismes qui ont engendré le phénomène d'IDE et les facteurs qui l'encouragent. Parmi les nombreux pays en développement qui ont tenté de préparer un terrain attrayant pour les IDE, certains ont moins bien réussi. Ceci n'a pas empêché une deuxième vague de pays de se précipiter vers ce phénomène, convaincus que les IDE sont le moteur du développement. C'est là que vient notre deuxième question centrale où nous tentons d'établir un lien entre les IDE et la croissance économique. Notre travail empirique classe les pays en cinq zones régionales tout en mettant un accent particulier sur les pays du Maghreb et du Moyen Orient. Nous montrons que, pour être attrayant aux IDE, un pays devait être politiquement stable, doté d'infrastructures suffisantes, d'institutions efficaces et d'une population éduquée. Par ailleurs, il existe des biais spécifiques à certaines régions. La région du Maghreb et du Moyen Orient, par exemple, souffre d'un biais défavorable à l'accueil d'IDE. Nous tenterons d'expliquer et d'analyser les causes de ce biais. Concernant le lien IDE-Croissance, nous montrons, toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs, que les IDE ne commencent à avoir un effet positif sur la croissance qu'à partir d'un certain seuil de niveau de capital humain de la population. / The quest for progress towards economic development in the countries of the South has increased competition between these nations in the last two decades, as they each try to attract the largest volume of FDI. This competition has become a race to the bottom due to the increased difficulties in obtaining credit. Many developing countries have attempted to attract FDI. Some have been less successful than others, in this regard; however this did not prevent a second group of countries undertaking the same policy. The decision makers seem to be convinced that FDI is the engine of development and the main question in this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of FDI, its mechanisms and determinants. The second question is an assay to establish a link between FDI and economic growth. Our work classifies countries into five zones with an emphasis on the Maghreb and the Middle East. We show that to be attractive for FDI; a country should be politically stable, with adequate infrastructure, effective institutions and an educated population. Natural resources and bilateral investment treaties are decisive factors for the attraction of FDI. In addition, there are biases specific to certain regions. The Maghreb and the Middle East suffer from negative biases that are preventing this zone from attracting FDI. We try to explain and analyze the causes of this limited volume of FDI received. On the link FDI-growth, we found that FDI does not begin to have a positive effect on growth until there is a certain threshold level of human capital in the population.

Dans les deux aires qui se présentent comme le Levant et le Couchant d’un même monde arabe – le Machrek et le Maghreb –, des poètes ont choisi la langue française pour réagir à certains événements de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle tels que la guerre d’Algérie, la guerre des Six Jours et la guerre civile du Liban. L’étude des recueils algériens et libanais qui ont été composés entre 1950 et 1990 permet d’envisager le rapport culturel, idéologique et esthétique de ces deux régions en adoptant une approche comparative différentielle. Le choix du français – dont les enjeux sont évidemment très différents dans ces deux aires – soulève des questions identitaires qui méritent d’être analysées et favorise l’expression d’un métissage culturel. Ce corpus poétique permet aussi de réexaminer les liens entre l’Histoire et l’intime, car l'événement, indissociable des problématiques collectives qu’il soulève, est réinterprété par la voix lyrique. Il ne se contente pas de créer une esthétique du chant redécouvert, ni d’offrir un éventail thématique à la mesure des drames qu’il entraîne. Il suscite surtout un parcours énonciatif, étroitement lié au travail du poème. À travers le lyrisme, l’événement historique ouvre la voie/-x de l’intime qui révèle les différentes strates du questionnement identitaire et lui donne une portée universelle. Le sujet n’est plus absorbé dans un collectif renforcé par les circonstances, il ne se définit plus uniquement à travers l’opposition dichotomique à l’altérité ; grâce à l’adresse lyrique, on assiste à l’avènement simultané d’un je et d’un tu qui, sans rien renier du conflit, en subsument les enjeux. / In both areas which stand for the East and the West of the same Arab world – Maghreb and Mashreq –, some poets have chosen the French language to react to certain events of the second half of the twentieth century, as the Algerian War, the Six Days War and the Lebanese Civil War. By studying Algerian and Lebanese collections of poetry written between 1950 and 1990, we can consider the cultural, ideological and esthetical relationship of these two areas adopting a differential comparative approach. The choice of French – whose issues are very different in both areas – raises questions of identity that must be analyzed and promotes the expression of a cultural mixture. Through this poetic corpus, we can reconsider the relationship between history and intimacy because the event, inseparable from collective issues, is reinterpreted by the lyric voice. Not only does it create a rediscovered aesthetic of singing nor only provides a thematic range representative of dramas it causes. It raises an enunciative course closely linked to the poetic process. Through lyricism, historical event opens the way to intimacy which reveals the different layers of questioning identity and gives it a universal dimension. The subject is no longer absorbed into a collective reinforced by the circumstances, it is no longer defined only through the dichotomous opposition to otherness; thanks to the lyrical address, we are witnessing the simultaneous advent of “I” and “you” that, without denying the conflict, subsume its issues.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DEFINITIVA FABIANA SETEMBRO 2016.pdf: 1271837 bytes, checksum: 05333a0f342232ec0a357b9ed1667485 (MD5) / Na Dissertação de Mestrado Escrita e identidade feminina no romance L’Enfant de sable de Tahar Ben Jelloun, estuda-se a metáfora literária como lugar de (re)construção de memórias e identidades culturais. O jogo de (re)construção identitária é analisado através do diálogo entre as múltiplas vozes narrativas que cruzam o romance como forma de reconstituição da “verdadeira” história da personagem central da obra, identificada como Ahmed-Zahra. Na (re)construção das memórias de infância, a personagem Ahmed, protagonista da narrativa, em busca de sua verdadeira identidade, procura conhecer-se, uma vez que, tendo nascido mulher, foi criada como homem. Essa memória é construída e revivida ora pelas páginas escritas do diário de Ahmed, personagem, ora pelas narrativas feitas pelos contadores de histórias que reivindicam para si, cada qual, a verdadeira história da protagonista do romance, fazendo ressoar na obra diversas vozes narrativas que compõem o enredo de L’Enfant de sable. A dupla identidade de gênero é tensionada no confronto das diferentes versões veiculadas pelos diferentes narradores que requerem para si a verdadeira versão da história de vida da protagonista do romance. A construção da identidade da personagem central ganha forma no “entre-lugar” conflituoso e crítico da intertextualização entre as múltiplas vozes narrativas. Na tessitura da trama narrativa desenvolve-se a história do nascimento de uma menina que tem sua verdadeira identidade furtada como forma de proteger a herança familiar e o legado da família. É a partir dessa farsa familiar que se constrói o enredo do romance, uma vez que a busca da identidade de Ahmed-Zahra passa pela busca da verdade sobre si mesma. Como homem, a personagem assume a identidade de Ahmed, imposta pelo pai e, como mulher, identifica-se com o nome de Zahra, que ele/ela mesma escolheu para si. Vivendo assim, “entre dois mundos”, o mundo da Medina, destinado aos homens, e o mundo do oikos, destinado às mulheres, Ahmed-Zahra possui o passaporte que lhe permite transitar por esses dois espaços culturais tão diferentes. O resgate da memória de Ahmed-Zahra, através da escrita, nada mais é que a busca da verdadeira identidade da protagonista que, ao escrever, tenta se descobrir e se inserir como ser na sociedade do Maghreb 1. Para ele/ela separar esses dois mundos é algo impossível, porém,a necessidade de se conhecer e de se fazer conhecida levará a personagem a uma “odisseia” de vida. Nas múltiplas vozes narrativas do romance, insere-se a cultura do Norte da África, onde se destaca a prática da narrativa oral como fonte de preservação da tradição de seu povo. Ao fazer uso da prática narrativa, a personagem revive a tradição de contar histórias como resgate de sua própria identidade / This written Master’s Dissertation "the Female Identity in the novel L’Enfant de sable de Tahar Ben Jelloun," is a study of the literary metaphor as a manner of (re)construction of cultural memories and identities. The play of identity reconstruction is analyzed behind the dialogue of multiple narrative voices which cross the romance as a form of reconstitution of the "true" history/story of the central character of the work, who is identified as AhmedZahra. In the reconstruction of childhood memories, Ahmed, the protagonist of the narrative, in search of his true identity, seeks self-knowledge (because) although having been born a woman, she was raised as a man. This memory is (re)constructed and revived in the pages written in Ahmed's diary, character whose narratives are related by story tellers who relate for themselves with every story the true history of the novel´s protagonist, resulting in various resounding narrative voices which comprise the story of the L’Enfant de sable. The double identity of the gender is tense in its confrontation of different versions by different narrators who utilize the true story of the protagonist. The construction of the identity of the main character takes on a form in a conflicting study “between places “and criticism of the inter-textualization between multiple narrative voices. In the texture of the dramatic narrative there is developed a narrative of the story of the birth of a girl who has her true identity stolen as a way to protect the family inheritance and legacy. Beginning with this familiar farce is constructed the plot of the novel, a true search for identity of Ahmed-Zahra in search of himself. As a man the main character assumes the identity of Ahmed, imposed by his father and as a woman assumes the name of Zahra that he/she himself/herself chooses .Living between two worlds, “the world of Medina, destined to men, and the world of oikos, destined to women,” Ahmed-Zahra thus possesses a “passport” which permits him/her to enter two different cultural spaces. The salvation of memory of Ahmed-Zahra, via the the written word, is nothing more than the search for true identity of the protagonist, to write and try to discover and insert himself/herself into society of Maghreb (northeastern Africa near Morocco). For him/her to separate these two worlds however is impossible. The necessity to know oneself and to make oneself known leads the protagonist to undergo an odyssey of life. 11 In multiple voices narrated in the novel, insert themselves the culture of North Africa, where the importance of the practice of oral narrative revives a tradition to tell stories as a rescue of one´s proper identity

[pt] Região é um termo/conceito dotado de uma amplitude de sentidos, o que culmina tanto em debates igualmente amplos e fragmentados como em representações homogeneizadoras acerca de espaços, contextos e indivíduos. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo central desse estudo é recuperar elementos do imaginário em torno da região no âmbito do internacional e, a partir disso, fazer um paralelo entre as representações sobre o Maghreb nessa literatura onde a metáfora do internacional aparece como topos central e o pensamento crítico de intelectuais que falam a partir do lócus Maghreb. Dessa forma, a escolha por analisar especificamente as obras de Abdallah Laroui e Mohamed Al-Jabri se deve ao engajamento desses intelectuais nos debates sobre descolonização, tradição e modernidade, e manifestação da pós-colonialidade nesse lócus-região. O argumento principal é o de que a região não se configura, apenas, como construção analítica e/ou categoria espacial homogênea e bem demarcada, mas como uma topologia engendrada e performada através de discursos de identificação, diferenciação e resistência não desconsiderados os elementos de ambivalência ali presentes. Os conceitos de mundos imaginados e região como artefato cunhados por Arjun Appadurai e Rogério Haesbaert, respectivamente, bem como elementos do debate sobre pós colonialidade serão centrais aqui. / [en] Region is a term concept equipped with a range of meanings which culminates in broad and fragmented debates as well as in homogenizing representations about spaces, contexts and individuals. This way, the principal aim of this study is to recover elements of the imaginary which surrounds the region in the international domain and, then, make parallels between the representations about the Maghreb in this literature in which the metaphor of the international appears as a central topos and the critical approaches of intellectuals who speaks from the locus Maghreb. Thus, the choice of analyzing the works of Abdallah Laroui e Mohamed Al Jabri specifically is due to the engagement of these intellectuals within debates about decolonization, tradition and modernity, and the manifestations of postcoloniality in this locus-region. The main argument is that the region in general does not configure itself ,only, as an analytical construction and/or homogeneous and well demarcated spatial category, but as a topology engendered and performed through discourses of identification, differentiation and resistance without disregarding the elements of ambivalence present in these discourses. The concepts of imagined worlds and region as artifact created by Arjun Appadurai and Rogério Haesbaert, respectively, as well as specific elements of the debate on post coloniality are substantial here.

Tahar Ben Jelloun est très vraisemblablement l’un des écrivains de la francophonie les plus traduits dans le monde. Marocain d’origine, et philosophe de formation, il écrit en français mais trouve son inspiration principalement dans la culture maghrébine qui est la sienne. Le dessein de cette thèse a pour objectif de relier cette dualité chez l’écrivain à travers les thèmes qui lui sont chers : la société, la femme, la religion, mais aussi le rêve et l’imaginaire. Nous avons en effet cherché à dévoiler ce qui compose à la fois la volonté d’engagement de l’écrivain dans la réalité contemporaine, mais aussi son refuge dans le rêve et la parole poétique. Nous avons tenté par notre travail de rechercher dans ses premiers romans que sont Harrouda (1973), Moha le fou, Moha le sage (1978), et le diptyque L’Enfant de sable (1985) et La Nuit sacrée (1987), la genèse de l’écriture Jellounienne, aujourd’hui reconnue comme éminemment sociale, tout en étant consacrée pour sa sensibilité poétique et sa qualité littéraire. La démarche s’est voulue progressive, afin d’approcher toutes les facettes de cet écrivain, à la fois populaire et complexe, par le repérage de l’intertextualité et des dialogismes à travers les mythes, les références au corpus littéraire occidental et arabo-islamique, ainsi qu’à travers les discours divers appartenant à l’oralité. Notre étude s’est particulièrement intéressée aux effets de ces dialogismes et du travail d’interaction entre la langue française et la langue maternelle de l’écrivain, comme point d’orgue / Tahar Ben Jelloun is certainly one of the most francophone countries writer translated in the world. Moroccan by bis country of origin, and philosopher by training, he writes in french but mainly draws bis inspiration from the culture of the maghreb where he corne from. The intention of this thesis aims to linic up this duality in the writer through his favorite following themes: society, women, religion, but also the dream and imagination. In fact, we have sought to uncover what made both of commitment of the writer in the contemporary reality, but also bis refuge in dreams and the poetic word. We tried to search in bis first novels which are : Harrouda (1973), Moha le fou, Moha le sage (1978), and the diptych L’Enfant de sable (1985) and La Nuit sacrée (1987), the genesis of Jellounienne writing, currently recognized as eminently social, while being devoted to bis poetic sensibility and literary quality. The approach was intended progressive, to collect ail faces of this writer, both popular and complex, through the identification of intertextuality and dialogisms through myths, references to the western and arab-islamic literary corpus, as weil as through various discourses belonging to orality. Our study is particularly interested in the effects of this dialogism and work of interaction between the french language and the native one of the writer, as the highlight

Les Dalā’il al-Khayrāt forment un recueil de prières en l’honneur du Prophète Muhammad, composé par le mystique marocain Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (m. 869/1465) vers le milieu du IXe/XVe siècle. Peu de temps après son apparition au Maroc, le texte s’est répandu au reste du Maghreb avant de connaître un large succès en Orient, plus particulièrement en Turquie. Souvent comparé au Coran en raison de l’ampleur de sa diffusion, le bréviaire semble avoir été pareillement porté en très haute estime à en juger par le soin avec lequel on le copiait et le décorait. Aussi, il revêt la singulière particularité d’être le seul texte religieux possédant des illustrations dans lesquelles est représentée, sous une forme stylisée, la chambre funéraire du Prophète à Médine. Cette étude propose donc de retracer l’élaboration de la tradition manuscrite d’un bréviaire à succès et son évolution depuis le début Xe/XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIIIe/XIXe siècle. Pour cela, elle se concentre spécifiquement sur la région de l’Afrique du Nord où a débuté la diffusion du livre. En soumettant un corpus d’exemplaires maghrébins inédits à un examen codicologique et à l’étude de leurs décors, cette recherche définit les traits qui signalent la confection de ces ouvrages. A travers l’analyse iconographique et stylistique des peintures, nous sommes en mesure de comprendre la place de l’image sacrée au Maghreb et les liens qu’elle entretient avec l’imagerie orientale des lieux saints du Ḥijāz. Enfin, à la lumière de cette approche multidisciplinaire, confrontée à l’exploitation des sources textuelles, nous parvenons à saisir l’importance que revêt la dévotion au Prophète au Maghreb à l’époque pré-moderne. / The Dalā’il al-Khayrāt is a prayer book dedicated to the Prophet Muhammad. Written by the Moroccan Sufi Muḥammad b. Sulaymān al-Jazūlī (m. 869/1465) in mid-15th century, it spread to the Islamic West far into South-East Asia and became one of the most successful religious books after the Qur’an. Often compared to the Qur’an because of its extraordinary success, the book seems to have been held in high regard judging by the careful manner in which it was copied and decorated. Moreover, it has the distinctive feature to be the only religious book that contains illustrations. This study proposes to retrace the formation/elaboration of the manuscript tradition of a successful prayer book and its development from the beginning of the 10th/16th century until the end of the 13th/19th century. In order to do so, the study focuses on the region of the Maghrib where the circulation of the book originated. By submitting a corpus of unpublished manuscripts to a codicological analysis and the examination of their decoration, this investigation will define the features that single out the production of these books. Through the iconographical and stylistic study of the paintings, we are able to understand the value of sacred images in North Africa and their relationship to the imagery of pilgrimage places in the Mashriq. Finally, in light of this interdisciplinary approach along with the exploitation of written sources, we succeed in understanding the importance of the devotion of the Prophet in North Africa during the pre-modern period.

[pt] O Magrebe é uma região localizada entre diversos mundos - africano, ocidental, oriental, pan-árabe, islâmico, para citar alguns – e, portanto, permeada por uma série de representações e narrativas que tentam capturar e conferir sentido à essa diversidade e os tipos de encontros que suscita. O presente trabalho é uma investigação sobre a política das narrativas no âmbito da chamada Literatura Pós-Colonial Francófona do Magrebe – mais precisamente nos escritos de Abdelkebir Khatibi, Fatema Mernissi, Kateb Yacine e Jacques Derrida. Dentre outros pontos de interseção, tais escritores explicitamente abraçaram em suas produções textuais a tarefa de (re)imaginar suas respectivas sociedades e, principalmente, suas subjetividades (posição de sujeitos) enquanto intelectuais franco-magrebinos no contexto pós-colonial e subsequentes processos de construção da nação pelos Estados pós-coloniais da região. Dessa forma, a tese se centra na política da imaginação, desencantamento, mas também na esperança que une esses escritos, e chama atenção para o mundanismo dos textos (worldliness of texts) – conceito cunhado por Edward Said –, num esforço tanto de situar textos em seus contextos como de discutir o potencial e os limites das estratégias narrativas (e da imaginação crítica) em promover a mudança política. Busca-se então avançar a noção de narrativas como atos políticos à medida em que se lança luz sobre o contexto turbulento em que surge a literatura pós-colonial francófona do Maghreb, bem como sobre sua constante reinvenção enquanto espaço de resistência e contestação. Argumenta-se ainda que existem paralelos relevantes entre a política de (re)imaginação que se desprende desses textos e as reflexões que têm sido avançadas por um conjunto de intelectuais de RI acerca do lugar das narrativas enquanto metodologias alternativas para compreender o internacional e o global. Quais as implicações dessa renovada atenção aos tropos da narrativa, voz e reflexividade enquanto problemas teóricos legítimos no estudo das relações internacionais e globais? Que tipos de ansiedades e esperanças tal movimento em direção às estratégias narrativas – seja como modo de comunicação do conhecimento seja como modo de conhecer, (re)imaginar e, assim, (re)contar o mundo – suscita no campo das RI? Ao fornecer possíveis respostas a esses e outros questionamentos, esta tese de doutorado busca ainda promover/imaginar um encontro entre narrativas sobre/ a partir do Magrebe e narrativas sobre / a partir da teoria de RI em suas semelhantes tentativas de representar e compreender o internacional e o global. / [en] Maghreb is a region located between many worlds – African, Occidental, Oriental, pan-Arab, Islamic, to name a few. Thus, not surprisingly, it is permeated by a number of depictions and narratives trying to capture and make sense of such diversity and the types of encounters it generates. The thesis is an exploration on the politics of narrating postcolonial Maghreb in the writings of Francophone Maghrebian writers such as Abdelkebir Khatibi, Fatema Mernissi, Kateb Yacine and Jacques Derrida, who explicitly embraced the task of (re)imagining their respective societies and, importantly, their subject-positions as Franco-Maghrebian intellectuals after independence from the colonial yoke and subsequent nation-building processes by postcolonial states in the region. The main line of inquiry throughout the dissertation focuses on the politics of imagination, disenchantment but also hope bridging these texts together and draws attention to the worldliness of texts (a terminology coined by Edward Said) in order to both situate texts in their contexts and discuss the potential of narrative strategies (and of critical imagination) to promote political change. I therefore consider narratives as political acts and draw attention to the turbulent contexts in which postcolonial Francophone Maghrebian literature emerges and constantly reinvents itself as a site of resistance and contestation. In addition, I argue that there are important parallels between the politics of (re)imagination in these texts and the reflections some IR scholars have been putting forward in their turn to narratives as alternative methodologies in IR. What does this attention to the tropes of narrative, voice and reflexivity as theoretical problems entail to the study of international and global affairs? What sorts of anxieties and hopes does the turn to narratives both as modes of communicating knowledge to the world and as modes of knowing, (re)imagining and thus (re)telling the world bring about in the field of IR? In providing an answer to these questions, I promote an encounter between narratives about/from the Maghreb and narratives about/from IR and IR theory in their attempts at making sense of the world of international and global affairs.

Cette thèse examine la relation des Maghrébins avec la mer au Moyen Âge et son rôle dans l’enrichissement de la vie économique, sociale et mentale des habitants du littoral. Mare nostrum des Romains était considéré pendant les premiers siècles de l’Islam comme la mer des Byzantins par opposition à la mer des ténèbres, pour qualifier l’océan Atlantique. Mais pendant les siècles suivants, les musulmans investissent progressivement la Méditerranée et rivalisent avec Byzance et le monde latin pour la maîtrise des techniques de navigation et la domination du commerce maritime. Source de richesse, de conquête et d’affirmation du pouvoir, la mer a généré chez les Maghrébins des représentations à la fois objectives et mythologiques. Héritées d’anciennes civilisations, elles ont été constamment remodelées et enrichies par les Maghrébins au prisme de leurs pratiques quotidiennes, mais aussi grâce à leurs contacts avec le monde extérieur. / This dissertation analyses the relationship of the Maghribis with the sea in the Middle Ages and its role in the enrichment of the economical, social and mental life of the inhabitants of the shore. The Roman Mare nostrum was considered in the first centuries of Islam as the sea of the Byzantines, in opposition to the sea of Darkness, to describe the Atlantic ocean. But during the following centuries, muslims progressively take over the Mediterranean and compete with Byzance and the Latin world to master the technics of navigation and to dominate the maritim trade. Source of wealth, conquests and assertion of power, the sea engendered by the Maghribis both objective and mythological representations. Inherited from ancient civilizations, they have been constantly reshaped and enriched by the Maghribis thanks to their daily practices, but also due to their contacts with external worlds.

Dans le cadre du processus de métropolisation des flux migratoires internationaux au sein de la région métropolitaine de recensement de Montréal (RMR), on assiste de la part des nouvelles populations immigrantes à une transformation de leurs dynamiques de répartition spatiale et de leurs stratégies d'implantation résidentielle dans la métropole montréalaise. Dans ce contexte, le marquage ethnique à travers lequel les communautés ethnoculturelles se rendent visibles dans l'espace urbain montréalais est en pleine mutation, tant dans la forme que dans les fonctions qu'il endosse. À travers l'exemple du marquage ethnique maghrébin, ce mémoire se penche sur les modalités nouvelles qui régissent les rapports entre territoires et ethnicité dans la métropole montréalaise, dans le but d'observer quel rôle identitaire continue de remplir ce même territoire auprès des membres des communautés ethnoculturelles qui y sont établis. Ce travail se penche ainsi sur la concentration de commerces maghrébins sur la portion de la rue Jean-Talon Est, entre les boulevards Saint-Michel et Pie-IX, désignée sous le terme de Petit Maghreb. À travers le cas de vingt-quatre primo-arrivants d'origine maghrébine qui en font régulièrement usage, cette recherche vise à étudier les différentes pratiques qui y sont déployées, ainsi que les représentations que ces individus formulent à son égard, afin d'observer si, dans le contexte métropolitain montréalais, le Petit Maghreb demeure un lieu significatif quant à l'expression de leur identité ethnique. Pour cela, nous avons adopté une démarche qualitative, en nous appuyant sur des questionnaires comme outil de collecte de données. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent que dans le cadre du processus d'acculturation auquel doivent faire face ces primo-arrivants au sein de la société d'accueil québécoise, le Petit Maghreb est une source de cohésion et de stabilité identitaire sur le court et le long terme. L'ensemble des commerces et services maghrébins contribue à reproduire à Montréal des habitudes quotidiennes calquées sur celles qui composaient le mode de vie pré-migratoire de ces individus. Dans le même temps, cette stabilité identitaire est renforcée par l'usage symbolique du Petit Maghreb en tant que lieu de ressourcement identitaire, car il reproduit aux yeux de ces individus tant d'un point de vue matériel que symbolique une artère commerciale à l'image de celles fréquentées au Maghreb. Cependant, la majorité des répondants considère qu'il reste primordial que le Petit Maghreb demeure dissocié du quartier où y est établi leur logement. L'enjeu est alors de pouvoir concilier à Montréal des rapports avec leur identité d'origine et à la fois garantir des rapports socio-spatiaux quotidiens d'avec la société d'accueil. L'équilibre identitaire recherché consiste en la « [...] synthèse des deux codes culturels : celui de la société d'accueil et celui de la société d'origine. Au-delà de la synthèse, il y a la conciliation, voire la réconciliation de deux pôles d'allégeance culturelle. » (Katouné, 2002 : 177). ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : pratiques, représentation, lieu, identité ethnique, quartier ethnique, marquage ethnique, commerce ethnique, métropole, mobilité, Petit Maghreb, immigration maghrébine, primo-arrivants.

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Droit--Nice, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 217-227.