M. Tech. (Marketing Management, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Supermarket store brands are affordable alternatives towards the customers’ intended brands. For many years, marketers and retailers of store brands have positioned this brand as a cheap or low-cost brand that could be afforded by most customers. This positioning has catapulted the popularity of store brands. However, on the downward side, most consumers associate cheap or low cost with low quality. The low-cost and low-quality association and perception has been a major impediment towards the real success of store brands. Store brands have long since moved from competing on price, to competing on quality. The shift of focus by marketers and retailers of store brands from price to quality puts store brands on an equal footing with national brands and, consequently, a fierce competitor. This study investigated the influence of consumer-based brand equity elements, namely brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty and perceived quality on brand preference and purchase intention of store brands. This study restricted its scope to the food brands. Investigating store brands within a South African context is particularly important since store brands are produced and owned by local retailers as opposed to national brands. The literature suggests that store brands are more profitable to retailers compared to their counterparts and serve as a point of differentiation from one retailer to another. A quantitative research design was employed in this study and a non-probability convenience sampling technique was adopted. The target population comprised students from a tertiary institution within the Vaal triangle, namely Vaal University of Technology. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to the participants, of which 361 participated in the study. To ensure reliability of the scales, pre-testing and piloting of the questionnaire preceded the main survey. Results from correlation and regression analysis revealed that brand equity elements, namely brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty and perceived quality explain 68.4 percent of the variance in brand preference. This result suggests that consumer-based brand equity elements significantly contribute towards building consumer brand preference towards the store brands. In addition, amongst all the variables, brand loyalty made the strongest contribution towards explaining brand preference (β= 0.342). Moreover, brand preference explains 65.3 percent of the variance in purchase intention. These results suggest that brand preference strongly contributes towards building purchase intention of store brands. Based on the results of this study, recommendations for retailers of store brands are provided as follows:  Retailers of store brands should implement greater awareness programmes for store brands and create positive word-of-mouth through superior product quality.  Retailers of store brands should strengthen store brands’ brand associations to improve the image of store brands.  Retailers of store brands should pay special attention to creating brand loyalty of store brands through implementing store brands’ loyalty programmes. Limitations, future research opportunities and contributions of this study are discussed in the study.

Диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, содержащих 9 параграфов, заключения, списка использованной литературы. Общий объем работы 91 страница, включая 5 таблиц, 7 рисунков. Список использованной литературы содержит 91 наименование. На 2017 год выделился новый пласт среди специалистов по рекламе и контент-мейкингу – smm-специалисты. Цель исследования: определение степени соответствия облачных сервисов требованиям smm-специалистов и разработка нового инструментария по управлению маркетингом в сетевых интернет сообществах. Объект исследования: рынок smm услуг Российской Федерации. Предмет исследования: деятельность по управления маркетингом в сетевых сообществах на базе облачных технологий. Научная новизна диссертационного исследования и результатов, выносимых на защиту и полученных лично автором, состоит в следующем: - Определена взаимосвязь основных этапов становления и развития маркетинга и интернет-технологий, которой присуще синкретический характер развития системы формирования рынка и сетевых коммуникаций в интернет среде; - Разработана классификация инструментов для продвижения различных площадок в социальных сетях. Данная классификация является динамической и может быть адаптирована к изменениям рынка; - Предложена авторская система управления маркетингом в социальных сетях, основанная на требованиях, предъявляемых практикующими smm-специалистами и заключенная в облачный сервис. / The thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters containing 9 paragraphs, conclusions, a list of used literature. The total amount of work is 91 pages, including 5 tables, 7 figures. The list of used literature contains 91 names. In 2017, a new layer of specialists for advertising and content-making was singled out - smm-specialists. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree to which cloud services meet the requirements of smm-specialists and to develop a new tool for managing marketing in networked Internet communities. Object of research: smm market of services of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study: marketing management activities in networked communities based on cloud technologies. The scientific novelty of the dissertation research and the results brought to the defense and received personally by the author is as follows: - The relationship between the main stages of the formation and development of marketing and Internet technologies, which is inherent in the syncretic character of the development of the market formation system and network communications in the Internet environment, is determined; - Classification of tools for promotion of various sites in social networks has been developed. This classification is dynamic and can be adapted to market changes; - The author's marketing management system in social networks is proposed, based on the requirements imposed by practicing smm-specialists and concluded in the cloud service.

<p>The dissertation is consisted of two essays on Affordable Care Act Marketplace plan pricing. These two essays are the two chapters of the dissertation respectively.  </p> <p>First essay studies the effect of Medicaid expansion on ACA Marketplace plan premium. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aims to mitigate Americans’ uninsured crisis by expanding Medicaid and establishing the ACA Marketplace. The Medicaid expansion has a profound impact on Marketplace plan premiums. On the one hand, it lowers the premiums because the expansion drives out the people with lower income from Marketplace plans, resulting in a pool with a lower risk score for these plans. On the other hand, the Medicaid expansion may shrink the pool size of Marketplace plans, resulting in a riskier pool and a higher Marketplace plan premium. Integrating data from multiple sources, we study how these two competing effects vary across markets with different demographics. We find that the premium-reduction effect is less pronounced in more wealthy markets, while the premium-increase effect is less pronounced in more populous markets. We further find that the Medicaid expansion overall decreased the Marketplace premiums, with more reduction for Silver plans than Bronze plans. We also explore how the Medicaid expansion can lower Marketplace premiums indirectly through the change of the market structure. We finally show the heterogeneity of the net impact of the Medicaid expansion on Marketplace premiums across markets. Our results offer important policy and managerial implications.</p> <p>The second essay explores the effect of insurer competition on marketplace plan premiums. ACA Marketplace is a new market opportunity for insurers that grant them access to a new group of customers who were not insured before. Previous studies utilize ACA marketplace data and find that additional insurers on the market are associated with a premium decrease in Marketplaces for a benchmark plan. However, the impact of the insurer entry on the premium is not the same for all plans. Using data from 2014 to 2017, we empirically examine the effect of insurer entry on the premium on Marketplace. Our study first confirms the finding that the premium of the second-lowest Silver plans decreases in the number of insurers. We further find evidence of different price trends across plans of different quality levels with additional insurers on the market. When more insurers are on the market, the premium increases for higher-end plans and decreases for lower-end plans. Our analysis shows that intensified competition may exaggerate price discrimination in certain segments while alleviate price discrimination in other markets. The results offer important managerial implications. </p>

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of celebrities and the types of products endorsed. Advertisements from one popular magazine in the U.S. and two popular magazines in Thailand were used.

В данной магистерской диссертации рассмотрены вопросы внедрения маркетингового управления в деятельность предприятий малого бизнеса. Цель диссертационного исследования заключается в научном осмыслении теоретических положений и практических рекомендаций по маркетинговому управлению деловой активностью предприятий, учи-тывающих специфику малого бизнеса и обеспечивающих по¬вышение результативности его маркетинговой деятельности на основе использования Лин-технологий. Основные результаты исследования, представляющие научную новизну: уточнена дефиниция «деловая активность предприятия», выявлены различия понятий «маркетинговое управление» и «управление маркетингом», разработана цепочка создания ценности для клиентов малых предприятий на основе «системы вытягивания» с использованием Лин-технологий. Практические результаты исследования: выделены проблемы развития предпринимательства, сделаны выводы об отношении уральских предпринимателей к маркетинговому управлению, разработан оптимизированный сценарий включения потребителей в процесс создания ценности с помощью инструментария Бережливого производства. / In this master's thesis, problems of introduction of marketing management in activity of the enterprises of small business are considered. The purpose of the dissertation research is the scientific comprehension of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations on marketing management of business activity of enterprises that take into account the specifics of small business and ensure the effectiveness of its marketing activities using Lin technologies. The main results of the research, representing scientific novelty: the definition of "business activity of the enterprise" was clarified, the differences in the concepts of "marketing management" and "marketing management" were revealed, a value chain for small business customers was developed on the basis of a "pull system" using Lin technologies. Practical results of the research: problems of entrepreneurship development are singled out, conclusions about the attitude of the Ural entrepreneurs to marketing management are drawn, an optimized scenario of including consumers in the process of creating value with the help of the Lean Production Toolkit is developed.

Thesis (D. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005 / Distinctive challenges are currently facing South African higher education institutions. Among others they are funding; quality assurance; globalisation; the emergence of private higher education; the idea of an entrepreneurial university as an alternative; enrolment capping; as well as merged and incorporated institutions. It is critical that these challenges be addressed urgently. However, the lack of proper marketing and branding strategies at institutions of higher learning in view of the new unfolding national and international landscape, leaves much to be desired. In the past, branding of higher education in South Africa was not an area of priority, because higher education operated in a protected, regulated market with a steady income. The current higher education scenario necessitates higher education institutions to revisit their branding strategies as a means to grapple with the distinctive challenges facing them with the purpose of enhancing quality; delivering graduates to the world of work; as well as being relevant by being responsive to society and the economic needs of the country in order to adhere to the outcomes of the National Plan for Higher Education (NPHE) (RSA DoE 2001). A thorough literature study involving current and relevant literature on branding and branding practices was undertaken, after which a mainly qualitative research approach was followed. Focus group interviews at two entrepreneurial universities abroad; informal conversation interviews at seven South African higher education institutions; as well as a case study were conducted. Participant observation in the workplace relating to branding and branding practices also took place. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used to capture recurring patterns and themes during the research process. What became evident from the literature was that branding strategies of higher education institutions are generally restricted to informing and visual identity. The results of a survey done in 2004 by UNITECH, a body representing marketing and communication units of universities and former technikons (currently Universities of Technology) in South Africa, was also quite significant for this study. The following deductions regarding marketing and communication practices at South African higher education institutions could be made from this survey: There is a lack of an integrated marketing approach; executive management lacks understanding of branding practices; there is a lack of strategy with regard to marketing and branding; as well as a lack of internal communication. These deductions were consistent with the researcher’s own observations and are also confirmed by the informal conversation interviews held at the seven South African higher education institutions as part of the empirical investigation. The case study to highlight the branding practices of a higher education institution in the central region revealed that the implementation phase focused strongly on external/outward exercises, and that the internalisation aspects of their branding were narrowed to information only. The new visual identity of the institution was emphasised, whilst the internal processes remained the same as always. The aforementioned aspects are an indication that South African higher education institutions need to re-visit their internal practices. A market orientation mindset is of crucial importance for higher education institutions in South Africa to move towards an entrepreneurial mindset. The Universities of Warwick (England) and Twente (the Netherlands) were selected for this study as a result of the astounding successes they have achieved with their entrepreneurial activities. According to the respondents from both universities, the following aspects – among others - are extremely important for their successes: visionary leadership; an integrated entrepreneurial culture; a focus on external as well as internal communication; and relevance. The primary purpose of this study was to develop a model for South African higher education institutions which would ultimately result in brand enhancement of institutions that would be perceived as relevant and society-minded to live up to the challenges of the new and changing landscape in South Africa. The proposed model in this study is based on two overarching fundamentals, namely the experience economy and its relatedness to brand, as well as relevance and branding, which should be an integrated approach that could ultimately lead to successful external branding.

The Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) was implemented on 1 September 1995 in the context of the country's political and economic liberalisation and the major structural shift in government policy and the trade regime. In an intensely competitive global environment, the strategies of a few dominant motor vehicle manufacturers, mainly operating from the Triad regions of North America, Europe and Japan, impact significantly on the developments of the global automotive industry. Over the past decade the small, highly protected and inwardly focused South African automotive industry has become fully integrated in the global strategies of foreign parent companies. As South Africa's leading manufacturing sector, the automotive sector is contributing significantly to the country's economy in terms of exports, investment, employment and the gross domestic product. The objective of the study was to establish and measure the relevance and value of the MIDP as a promotional tool in the global automotive environment by capturing the responses and perceptions of direct automotive industry exporters and stakeholders for * the South African automotive industry in general, and * the companies forming part of the empirical survey. To satisfy the objectives of the study, the research methodology incorporated an extensive primary and secondary research phase (qualitative and quantitative). A structured empirical survey was used to collect the primary data. The survey data were captured and processed by the Bureau for Market Research (BMR), Unisa. The main findings of the study are that: * The promotional relevance and value of the MIDP as a promotional tool is embedded in the programme's ability to trigger interest in the South African automotive industry, to generate business and to attract investments. * The MIDP is successful in contributing to the automotive sector's international competitiveness and is therefore a very important promotional tool for convincing foreign parent companies to consider South Africa as an investment destination. * The South African automotive industry would not be able to cope with global competition without the MIDP. * Different factors impact on the business operations of the South African automotive industry in general and the specific company in particular and the factors are viewed differently by the selected groups based on their demographic details. The process of trade liberalisation is forcing many South African companies to encounter both intensified competition and new forms of competition. The South African government's target of a 6 percent economic growth rate by 2010 will largely depend on the ongoing successes achieved in priority sectors such as the domestic automotive sector. / Business Management / M. Comm. (Business Management)

知識經濟時代的來臨，代表知識早已經取代勞力、土地、資本，成為最重要的生產要素，而知識創造的具體果實就是智慧財產，此項無形資產占企業財產的重要性已遠超過有形資產。個人、企業和國家唯有專注在智慧財產的創造、保護、管理和運用上，方可成為知識經濟下的大贏家。 近年來，隨著人類科學知識與生活智慧的增長與演進，與人類日常生活和生命安全息息相關的生物醫學技術日益突破且其重要性與日俱增，國際間生技產業發展迅速，並帶領生技產業走向多元化的發展；除此之外，生技產業也是台灣兩兆雙星計畫中所追求的新興產業之一。然而，台灣在這股趨勢洪流中，整體生技產業的發展上並不蓬勃。歸根究柢，生技產業乃為典型的高附加價值、知識導向型產業，智慧財產的重要性不言可喻並且更加突顯。智慧財產如同其他企業資產一樣，需要善加管理與運用才能發揮其價值，若企業擁有大量之智慧財產，但對該智慧財產欠缺有效之管理運用，亦無法為公司創造任何價值。因此，如何為智慧財產尋求正確的運用管道，應是智慧財產所有人最為關心的議題。由於生物技術產業十分重視技術的掌握與應用，故本論文研究將焦點放在與技術知識保護有關的「專利授權與技術移轉」上，並特別針對屬於智慧財產行銷管理層面的策略進行探討。 《時代》雜誌年度風雲人物華裔科學家何大一曾說過要用人才賭生技，其需要的是什麼樣的人才?又該如何賭?本論文研究希望能提出相對應之見解，藉由個案研究方法分析找出台灣生技企業在「專利授權與技術移轉」上的策略思考邏輯，並更加釐清智慧財產行銷管理對產業發展影響的角色與位置。 由於台灣生物技術公司目前本身先天條件不佳且資源不足，無法透過商品化與產業化之智慧財產實施方式來創造最大利益，因此透過智慧財產交換方式乃是其最佳模式，而考量相關環境條件後，其中又以「專利授權與技術移轉」為最具經濟效益且最可能成功之智慧財產商業模式與型態，因此本論文研究便針對此方面進行深入探討，以提供產業後續發展之參考借鏡。 本論文研究目的包括：1.探討推動台灣生物技術產業公司發展過程中，考量「專利授權與技術移轉」的重要因素。2.瞭解台灣生物技術產業公司目前在「專利授權與技術移轉」方面的運作機制。3.介紹台灣生物技術產業公司之指標性個案，分析其智慧財產行銷策略，歸納其關鍵成功因素，以茲其他業者參考。4.了解智慧財產行銷策略的核心結構，提出智慧財產行銷策略規劃上的建議。5.綜合研究結果，提出對台灣生物技術產業公司「專利授權與技術移轉」策略之建議，並分析該產業之潛在問題與可能限制。 本論文研究提出理論強調台灣生物技術產業公司必須考量智慧財產行銷的六大要素(6P)，以『主導產業鏈』、『控制價值鏈』、『分配供應鏈』等三鏈為目標，因而決定採取「專利授權與技術移轉」之正確的智慧財產商業模式後，站在目標被授權人的立場思考，透過「策略九說」來作檢驗，以找出最適合的智慧財產行銷之執行策略，並在執行時確實考量組織行銷之特性。 本論文研究方式採用個案研究法以及質化研究法，獲得以下結論： 1. 「專利授權與技術移轉」必須著重於專利品質，以更貼近產業與市場需求，進而強化技術移轉之成效。 2. 「專利授權與技術移轉」是屬於相當複雜且專業性高的領域，與市場互動至關密切。 3. 任何產業的任何公司當其智慧財產行銷策略之方向目標正確，且手段方法合理，則成功便是可以預期的。 4. 一旦擬定正確的智慧財產行銷策略，則後續的執行力，便成為是否成功之唯一重點。 / The coming of Knowledge-based Economy Era indicates the fact that knowledge had taken the place of labor, land and capital to become the most important production factor. The results of knowledge creation are Intellectual Property (IP). The Intangible Assets are much more important than Tangible Assets for industries in nowadays. It becomes crucial for individuals, industries, and countries to achieve success in the Knowledge-based Economy Era to concentrate on the creation, protection, management and application of intellectual property. In the recent years, because of the developments of scientific knowledge and life wisdom, the progress and importance of the biomedical technology which closely related to human life and safety advances rapidly. Besides, the biotechnology industry is also one of the booming industries of Taiwan “Two Millions, Two Stars” projects. However, the Taiwan Biotechnology Industry does not follow the trend well. The biotechnology industry is a typical high value added and knowledge oriented industry, and the importance of IP is much more distinct. Same as other corporation’s property, intellectual property needs to be managed and put to use well to manifest its value. If a corporation owns a lot of IP without effective management and application, none value or benefit will be produced for the corporation from the IP. Therefore, for the IP owner, how to find out the correct application ways of IP will be the most important concern. Since technology familiarity and application is a highly emphasized issue for biotechnology industry, this study will focus on the technology knowledge protection concerning “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring,” especially on the IP Marketing Management Strategy. David Ho, a Chinese American scientist and the Man of the year 1996 of “Time” magazine, once said that “we have to bet on biotechnology with talents”. The question is what talents are needed, and how to bet? This study aims to provide some corresponding thoughts and find out the strategy of “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” for Taiwan biotechnology corporation through case study. Furthermore, the study will manifest how IP Marketing Management will influence industry development. Due to the immature company structure and small business size of Taiwan biotechnology corporations, these corporations are unable to create the best profit through IP commercialization or industrization. Thus, the best model for them will be through IP Exchange and the “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” will be the most effective and feasible IP Business Model given the conditions of Taiwan biotechnology industry. This thesis will concentrate on this aspect and provide advices for industrial developments. The purposes of this study include: a. the important factors and the significnace of “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” in the promotion of Taiwan biotechnology corporation development; b. the current mechanism of “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” of Taiwan biotechnology corporation; c. a case study of Taiwan biotechnology corporation, including the IP Marketing Strategy analysis and the key successful factors as reference for other corporations; d. the core structure of IP Marketing Strategy and IP Marketing Strategy planning; and e. strategy suggestions for “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” and the potential problem analysis of the industry to Taiwan biotechnology corporation. This study proposes that the Taiwan biotechnology corporation must put the 6P factors of IP Marketing into consideration and target to dominate Industry Chain, to control Value Chain, and to allocate Supply Chain. They should also take the correct IP Business Model of “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring”, and then think in the position of the targeted licensee through the examination of “9 Theories of Strategy” to find out the most suitable IP Marketing strategy. They should also take the characteristics of “Organizational Marketing” into consideration in practice. This study comes to the conclusions below with case study and qualitative methods: a. The quality of patents is always important in “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” to meet the industry and market demand and thus to reinforce the technology transferring achievement. b. “Patent Licensing and Technology Transferring” is complicated, highly professional and closely related to the market. c. The success of any corporation of any industry lies on a correct IP Marketing Strategy and a legitimate method. d. Once the correct IP Marketing Strategy is settled, the only key factor to success will be how to enforce the strategy.

農業相對於其他產業來說，其重要性確實是遞減，但農業的地位確是絕對的重要，類生最根本的生存需要則需靠農業才能被滿足。當農業生產價值逐漸降低、台滔加入WTO，農產品貿易開放自由化後，農業必須轉型利用，轉型成其具有特色、不容易被替代的產業。休閒農業與休閒農場則是基於這樣的情況而出現的，休閒農業以農為根本，除了發揮其原本的生產功能之餘，並開發其另外的兩項功能--「生態功能」與「生活功能」。這種基於台灣農業而開發出來的休閒與農業的綜合性產業，是國外農產品所不能替代的。 但休閒農場的發展過程中遭遇許多的困難，農場的經營管理也不再向傳統的農場那麼的單純，休閒農場必須面對的其他相關休閒產業的競爭；另一方面，遊客的要求也越來越多、遊客擁有完全的自主權與選擇權。因此供給者所創造出的產品與服務，必須要能夠滿足消費者的需求。不然，就算產品與服務品質再好、價格多低，也不能獲得消費者的青睞。行銷管理的主要目的則是為了要解決「企業外不特定對象」--消費者的問題，因此，本研究認為在眾多管理問題中，行銷管理策略是必須要被立即採用，其最佳的手段則為行銷組合策略。藉助行銷組合策略的擬定，產品、價格、通路與促銷四個策略的擬定，是有助於吸引遊客的到來、增加休閒農場的收入。 而本篇論文主要要探討的四個主題為： 1、瞭解台灣休閒農場經營管理的現況與困境。 2、瞭解行銷組合策略在休閒農場經營上的現況與使用困境。 3、探討遊客對休閒農場的需求、認知程度、決策行為、與其對休閒農場的期望。 4、研擬一套適合休閒農場應用的行銷組合策略，藉以吸引遊客，提高休閒農場的遊客量與收入。 行銷組合策略會依據各個休閒農場的特性、資源條件、企業目標或目標市場的不同，而有所差異，本研究是以頭城休閒農場作為個案研究對象，希望可以 針對個案擬定一套行銷組合策略，並由個案的經驗對其他相關同業給予策略擬定上的建議。

本研究以過去類似研究的發展經驗為基礎，參照國內企業界的特殊決策環境及決策型態，並考量行銷問題的特質，建立一套整合性行銷系統模擬架構( 以蒙特卡羅模擬法為基本架構，以行銷系統模式為核心 )，協助決策者評估╱選擇新產品上市時之最適競爭性行銷策略，以提高新產品上市後的成功率。本研究從決策者立場的角度來建構整個架構，採用「互動式漸進法」讓決策者能共同參與模式之建構，並透過「結構式詢問法」輸入資料卷協助決策者在問題答覆的過程中，將系統行為的隱性心智模式轉化成顯性數理模式，使本模擬架構能成為實用的電腦輔助工具，縮短行銷科學與行銷實務的距離。本研究在國內行銷實務及學術界中尚屬較新的嚐試， 希望能對國內企業界有實質的貢獻。本模擬架構，經簡易解析問題測試後，確認邏輯上具正確性及可行性。並以羽田公司小型轎跑車之新品牌－經典祥瑞－進行實例研究，實地瞭解羽田公司在評估╱選擇新品牌競爭性行銷策略的實務經驗，藉此細部調整系統模式及增益此架構之實用性。實例研究結果確認本模擬架構確可提供決策者完整的數量化決策資訊，作為決策者在其可容忍風險及行銷目標之考慮下，選擇最適行銷策略之決策參考。