This thesis has sought to examine the conceptualisation(s) of the field of Olympic education identified in the English language literature, and to evaluate the planning of Olympic education in practice, specifically in relation to the preparation of Olympic education programmes and systems for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympics. When Pierre de Coubertin introduced the modern Olympic Games, one of the ideas for the revival of the Games was to educate young people through sport. Despite Coubertin s educational philosophy, the Olympic Games have long failed to represent ideals of fair play, equal opportunity, and international harmony but being replaced by bribery, corruption, commercialism, drug use and gender discrimination instead. The IOC has strengthened the roles and mission of the Olympic bodies in particular relation to the promotion of Olympic values and Olympism through the implementation of Olympic education. As a policy aim for the Olympic Movement, the development of Olympic education programmes has become a key goal for the IOC and thus host cities/nations. Providing a concept of Olympic and Paralympic education programmes in preparation for staging the Olympic Games is a compulsory requirement for host cities and nations. However, in spite of the IOC s recent explicit and intended commitment to the development of Olympic education policies in practice, explanation of Olympic education as a concept and a set of practices is imprecise and relatively underdeveloped in the Olympic related area. In addition, there is a lack of understanding of how universal values and concepts of Olympic education are perceived and communicated in culturally diverse contexts. The thesis is divided into two related parts, which seeks to provide two fundamental contributions to knowledge in this field. Part One is focused on a meta-narrative review of the English language literature on Olympic education. The methodology of a meta-narrative review is an extension of the systematic review process and facilitates the identification of the contribution of research traditions to the phenomena under review, in this case the conceptualisation and operationalisation of Olympic education. Through the process of meta-narrative review, six research traditions were identified: educational philosophy; critical sociology; curriculum development; education psychology; development of evaluation measures; and policy analysis and evaluation. II The results of the review identified how Olympic education has been conceptualised with various unfolding storylines in different research traditions, and this analysis subsequently provided the basis for the second key element of the study in the form of templates against which to evaluate the Olympic education programmes and systems associated with Tokyo 2020. Part Two employs a case study approach and is focused on the analysis of six cases using a realist evaluation methodology, employing analytic logic models and analysis of Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations. This facilitates the development of explicit and/or implicit causal claims about changes brought about by Japanese Olympic education programmes. The research has also contributed to developing a critical review of Olympic education programmes in a culturally specific, non-western context. Provision of Olympic education, within the context of national legislation requiring its introduction into the school curriculum developed by various stakeholders, represents a unique and culturally specific context for its study. Not only its education system, but also the cultural and historical values embedded within Japanese Olympic education programmes derive from the Japanese understanding of Olympism and universal Olympic values based on the Japanese values such as harmony, in particular applied in the effort in the recovery from national disasters, moral values learned from Judo and physical education, and Japanese ways of expressing hospitality. Thus, this case study of Tokyo 2020 acts as an exemplar in the diffusing of ways of developing and delivering the benefits of Olympic education programmes in culturally specific context.

Prior to attacking a Wal-Mart in El Paso, Texas, Patrick Crusius posted a manifesto on the notorious 8chan website in which he justifies his attack as a self-defensive response to the “Hispanic invasion of Texas.” While this manifesto certainly contains the irrationality necessary to justify mass murder, it also repeats and reinforces language and worldviews present in public discourse, especially in discourse from white nationalists. Analyzing the Crusius manifesto in context of this white nationalist public discourse reveals how language used and worldviews perpetuated by white nationalists ultimately construct an apocalyptic meta-narrative that transforms immigrants and refugees into dangerous invaders. By repeatedly telling stories that frame immigrants or refugees as criminals, invaders, and terrorists, white nationalists have constructed a meta-narrative that subsumes localized narratives, which means that any story about an immigrant seeking refuge in the United States becomes a story of an invader and criminal. Crusius repeats and reinforces this meta-narrative in his manifesto, drawing on the foundational white-nationalist French scholar Renaud Camus, whose “Great Replacement” theory claims that non-white populations are systematically replacing white populations, leading to a “white genocide.” Ultimately, the apocalypse in this meta-narrative is not a violent, devastating end to the United States, but rather the end of a structure dominated by whiteness and Western culture. It’s this perceived apocalypse that inspires Crusius’ violent response. Ultimately, this meta-narrative capitalizes on fear to transform genuine love of nation into a volatile xenophobia that can encourage a perceived need for violent self-defense. On the scholarly front, this research may reinforce the suggestion of scholar Dana Cloud, who claims that scholars and rhetors cannot challenge white nationalist irrationality with a rational approach, but rather with localized narratives that ground the experiences of immigrants and refugees in concrete details that foster empathy and understanding.

Pandemiberedskap är central ur ett säkerhets- och folkhälsoperspektiv. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på existentiell riskuppfattning i Folkhälsomyndighetens pandemiberedskapsplaner från 2019 och 2023. För analysen detta används ett perspektiv som utvecklats av en medicinsk antropolog vid namn Christos Lynteris. På engelska kallar han perspektivet för pandemic imaginary som grovt översatt till svenska blir pandemiska imaginär. Syftet är att undersöka hur riskuppfattningen för närvarande är konstruerad och hur den har förändrats från 2019 till 2023, åren för COVID-19-pandemin. Denna studie kommer inte att undersöka processerna bakom riskuppfattningen, utan enbart hur riskstrukturen ser ut och hur den har förändrats. Studien undersöker hur konceptet hot och värden har förskjutits både i direkta termer som det presenteras i beredskapsplanerna för pandemier och från ett perspektiv av pandemiska imaginär som hjälper till att förklara hur vissa metanarrativ har förskjutits från en mer existentiellt inriktad riskuppfattning 2019 till ett mindre existentiellt inriktat perspektiv 2023. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ systematisk och diskursiv läsning av beredskapsplanerna med fokus på teorin om pandemiska imaginär och riskuppfattning. Resultaten visade en förskjutning från en lågt existentiellt inriktad hotbild 2019 till en ännu lägre existentiellt inriktad hotbild 2023, som kort sagt kan sägas skapa en bild av pandemihotet som icke-existentiellt hotande och likartat till den omfattning som COVID-19 och de influensapandemier som har varit de senaste århundradets pandemier. Det visade också en förskjutning mot ett ökad fokus på individuell frihet och framställde motåtgärderna som tas mot pandemin som ett av de mest centrala hoten i ett pandemiscenario, det vill säga att röra sig bort från död och sjukdom som huvudkaraktär av en pandemi till att en pandemi är en kris och en orsak till samhällsstörning som drabbar individen. Denna uppsats är skriven på engelska.

This study examines the ways in which museums and memorials within South African society commemorate events of the past. Various examples of museums and memorials are chosen and identified according to the ways in which they embody postmodern or modern thought. Postmodern and modern museums are deconstructed according to various post-structural tenets so as to arrive at a broader understanding on how they are able to remain a continuously relevant and vital part of contemporary society. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History)

不同於一般學術文獻在研究中共的Soft Power時，多習於從Nye的敘事體系出發，本論文則是直接從文本分析進入中共的系絡，探究問題之所在。 本論文所欲探討的問題意識包括：Nye 的Soft Power究竟是放諸四海皆準的真理，抑或是鑲嵌於某一特定歷史系絡中的特殊存在？若為後者，則屬於此一系絡之問題意識與政策建議為何？其是否同樣適用於其他行動者身上呢？其次，作為Soft Power的主要引介者，中共知識份子究竟係以何種方式承接此一概念？是全盤接收之，抑或是採批判方式引入Nye的觀點？倘若為後者，則其批判的部分為何？改造的部分又為何？進一步言，中共知識份子所建構的「軟實力」，究竟與Soft Power有何不同？第三，就官方的角度來看，中共領導人是如何看待「軟實力」？特別是「軟實力」對其而言應定位在何處？其所指涉的意涵又為何？而此是否與學術界存在著認知上的差異？第四，在中共的系絡中，其對「軟實力」一詞係以何種傳統承接之，甚者，其又是以何種未來戰略想定對此加以定位？第五，對中共而言，「軟實力」的具體內涵為何？有哪些具體政策或措施有助於提升「軟實力」？又，這些政策或措施的成效應如何衡量？ 本論文不在證明或否證某個理論或論述，亦非志在建構一個放諸四海皆準的社會科學理論；甚者，作為一個開放的文本，本論文更非旨在宣示另一套絕對的「客觀」或「真理」。透過對「軟實力」之「建構的建構」，本論文期望呈現的是「語言／文字／符號」表象下的權力關係網絡，以及這些「能指」(signifying)對中共自我建構的意義。 / A way of seeing is a way of not seeing. Those who study Chinese soft power usually accept the legitimate of the narrative system of Joseph Nye's soft power theory. But the Chinese do not tranlate it that way. China has its own distinctive history, context, political economy system, and national grand strategy. So, it is dangerous and harmful to view the young rising global power as the same as the current dominant global power---USA. Obviously, China is marching on a very path to construct its soft power compared to the U.S.. Through the analysis of meta-narrative, the author find many interesting espects that cannot be seen via Nye's theory. These espects are in-ward dimension, highly connected with propagada and united front, mainly focus on Chinese characteristic culture . The CCP take the Chinese culure as its outside appearance and socialism value system as its guiding core. This dissertation is not intended to construct a grand theory or something. All it want to do is to disclose the hidden dimension of the Chinese characteristic soft power.

This study examines the ways in which museums and memorials within South African society commemorate events of the past. Various examples of museums and memorials are chosen and identified according to the ways in which they embody postmodern or modern thought. Postmodern and modern museums are deconstructed according to various post-structural tenets so as to arrive at a broader understanding on how they are able to remain a continuously relevant and vital part of contemporary society. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History)

Cette étude a pour objet de lire le thélogien anglicain, John Milbank à travers la thèse de surnaturel du théologien catholique français, Henri de Lubac. Dans sa thèse du surnaturel, de Lubac entend montrer qu’il n'y a aucune sphère purement naturelle indépendemment de la grâce de Dieu. Autrement dit, d’après cette thèse, la nature et le surnaturel constituent une unité organique. En fait, cette idée d’Henri de Lubac s’oppose à la notion néo-scolastique de natura pura, qui a été développée en vue de sauvegarder la gratuité de la grâce face à la crise Baianiste. La thèse du surnaturel a été appropriée par John Milbank et sa théologie peut être comprise comme une continuation de la thèse d’Henri de Lubac. Milbank s'approprie la thèse du surnaturel dans divers aspects de cette thèse. Cette thèse apparaît chez Milbank tantôt au niveau ontologique, tantôt au niveau éthique, tantôt au niveau ecclésial. Si l’idée du surnaturel de Lubac est organique (Balthasar), cette même thèse donne une cohérence au projet théologique de Milbank. Une originalité de l’appropriation milbankienne de la thèse du surnaturel consiste à la mise en rapport de l’idée du surnaturel avec le langage. Pour être plus précis, pour lui, le langage joue un rôle médiateur entre le materiel et le surnaturel. Bien que cette idée soit présente dans la théologie sacramentelle de de Lubac, Milbank développe cette théologie en élargissant cette idée à tous les domaines de la culture humaine. Autrement dit, la thèse du surnaturel rend possible la théologie de la culture chez Milbank. Mais ce qui est crucial, pour Milbank et de Lubac, c’est que l’Église elle-même doit être le véhicule de la création de la culture chrétienne. / This study aims at reading Anglican theologian John Milbank through the lens of French Catholic theologian, Henri de Lubac’s central concept of the idea of the supernatural. Henri de Lubac’s so-called, surnaturel thesis means that there is no reserved realm, which neo-scholastic theologians call pure nature (natura pura), independent of God’s grace. This means that nature and the supernatural constitute an organic unity. Milbank appropriates de Lubac’s thesis through and through. De Lubac’s idea of the supernatural penetrates Milbank’s all theological reflection ranging from ontological issues to political ones. One important point in Milbank’s appropriation of de Lubac’s surnaturel thesis is that he emphasizes the relationship of the supernatural to human language. For him, human language itself is supernatural in character. This means that human culture, which is constituted by human language, is itself theologically constituted. In other words, there is no neutral culture, but cultures based on particular theological convictions. From this insight, Milbank emphasizes, with de Lubac, the necessity of Christian philosophy which will be the true basis of human culture. Crucial to Milbank’s theological project is the centrality of the Church in the establishment of Christian culture. For both Milbank and de Lubac, the Church is not a means for atemporal salvation, but itself the goal of salvation. The Church is to be the place of heavenly peace which the Eucharist represents. Milbank is convinced that only the Church has the power to counter the neo-liberal capitalist order that is based on the ontology of violence.

Zweck: In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat das Interesse an sozial engagierter Kunst, Art in Action, stetig zugenommen. Bisher fehlt allerdings eine Praktiker-Forschung (practitioner research), welche Fragen aus der Arbeitswelt in den Forschungsmittelpunkt stellt und die glokalen Gegebenheiten praxisrelevant diskutiert. Diese Studie untersucht die Grundannahmen der Kunstgeschichte, welche bisher die Einführung der Praktiker-Forschung erschweren. Die Studie kontextualisiert und diskutiert zudem die Besonderheiten der künstlerischen Forschung sowie der Praktiker-Forschung in anderen disziplinären Feldern. Daran anschliessend formuliert diese Studie die Prinzipien der Art in Action Methodik. Methodik: Diese transformative Studie arbeitet mit dem Global Studies Paradigma. Der konzeptionelle Apparat umfasst die Kaleidoskopische Dialektik, das Konzept der Glokalisierung und die Theorien der Transdisziplinarität und der Meta-Narrativen Synthese. Ergebnis: Diese Studie formuliert die Prinzipien der Art in Action Methodik (AiAR). AiAR stellt Fragen aus der Arbeitswelt in den Mittelpunkt der Forschung, berücksichtigt lokale Gegebenheiten und organisiert den Forschungsprozess in Relation zu den projektrelevanten Partikularitäten (grounded methodology). / Purpose: In the last few decades, there has been a steadily growing interest in socially engaged art, i.e., working with art in socio-cultural settings (Art in Action). What has been missing, however, are art practitioner research methodologies that place issues emerging from art practitioner work environment at centre stage. This study explores the critical assumptions of art history, which have so far hindered a practitioner-driven research approach. It contextualises and discusses the specificities of artistic research and practitioner research. On this basis, the study formulates an Art in Action research methodology. Methodology: This transformative research applies a global studies paradigm. Its conceptual apparatus includes the kaleidoscopic dialectic, the concept of glocalisation, and the theories of transdisciplinarity and meta-narrative synthesis. Result: This study formulates principles for an Art in Action research (AiAR) methodology that places the issues emerging from the art practitioners’ work environments centre stage instead of an artwork-centred approach. It postulates that AiAR works with grounded research procedures.

The study interrogates the context reflectivity of postcolonial Shona popular music in Zimbabwe. It also explores the extent to which the legal environment in which the same music is produced, disseminated and consumed affects expressivity and artistic precision. The study is inspired by the New Historicism theory which assumes that every work of art is a product of the historical moment that created it and can be identified with the cultural and political movements of the time. The same is believed of popular music. The study is also beholden to the Marxist literary tradition for its assessment of the discourse of politics and socio-economic issues in popular music. For all the analysis, an Afrocentric eye view informs the thesis. Being qualitative in perspective, the research mainly uses the hermeneutic research design as an operational framework for the interpretation of lyrical data. Hermeneutics, as a method of textual analysis, emphasizes the socio-cultural and historic influences on qualitative interpretation. Postcolonial Shona popular music is purposively sampled and critically studied using the hermeneutic method to tease out latent social and political nuances in lyrical data. Interviews are roped in as alternative opinions to validate hermeneutic data. The research observes that the legislative environment in which Zimbabwean popular music is composed is, on paper, very conducive for the art but in practice severely restrictive. The constitution allows the artiste sufficient space to sing any subject but confessions by some critics alert on the incidences of some censored products. Even against that backdrop artistes have gone on to compose politically suggestive music. However, from the first decade of independence, the tendency for the artiste has been to flow with the meta-narrative or hegemonic discourses of the state, while in the later decades the artiste sounds critical of the nationalist government. Realising the power of music to articulate serious national issues; among other prescriptions, the study recommends that government creates a flexible and democratic legislation that allows for unbounded creativity and consumption of artistic products. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Introduction : Le cadre de la gouvernance clinique a été développé afin d’atteindre de hauts standards de qualité de soins et de services, en conjuguant les notions d’amélioration continue de la qualité, d’excellence clinique et d’imputabilité corporative. La présente démarche doctorale avait pour objectif de comprendre le processus d’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans un centre de réadaptation. Méthodologie : Une synthèse méta-narrative de 65 documents répertoriés dans 4 bases de données bibliographiques sur la conceptualisation et la mise en œuvre de la gouvernance clinique a été menée. Une étude qualitative de cas unique a été menée dans un centre de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et en troubles du spectre de l’autisme, au Québec (Canada). En mobilisant les cinq construits du cadre conceptuel basé sur théorie du processus de normalisation (cohérence, participation cognitive, action collective, suivi réflexif et contexte organisationnel), une analyse thématique des entrevues individuelles auprès de 22 participants (5 administrateurs, 11 gestionnaires et 6 cliniciens) et de 3 groupes de discussion auprès de 8 cliniciens et de 4 proches d’usagers a été menée. Enfin, une analyse d’une centaine de documents administratifs du Centre a été effectuée. Résultats : L’analyse de la littérature a permis de constater que le cadre de la gouvernance clinique est un concept en évolution et encore perçu comme une avenue intéressante pour l’amélioration de la qualité des soins. Toutefois, la confusion autour de sa définition et de sa conceptualisation ainsi que les difficultés de sa mise en œuvre demeurent des enjeux pour les organisations. Par la mobilisation du cadre de gouvernance clinique, la haute direction du centre de réadaptation à l’étude a souhaité systématiser le processus d’amélioration continue de la qualité des services offerts aux usagers et à leurs proches par l’adoption des bonnes pratiques de gouvernance. Ce virage a été bien reçu par les administrateurs et les gestionnaires, résultant sur une participation active et un fort engagement aux activités de leur part. La complexité du cadre et l’absence d’implication des cliniciens dans le processus de mise en œuvre ont créé chez ces derniers une appréhension quant à l’apport de la gouvernance clinique pour la pratique clinique et le bien-être des usagers. Les cliniciens ont dénoncé l’absence d’arrimage entre la théorie et les réalités de la pratique clinique ; la grande vitesse d’implantation et une approche décisionnelle de type top-down comme des enjeux de l’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique. Pour les gestionnaires, les défis ont été la mise en place des moyens de communication efficaces ; l’arrimage des mécanismes de gestion et la disponibilité des ressources humaines. Pour les administrateurs, l’enjeu principal a été l’instabilité des contextes organisationnels interne et externe qui a ralenti la mise en œuvre et freiné l’élaboration d’un processus évaluatif. Conclusion : L’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans les établissements non hospitaliers offrant des services sociaux passe par la valorisation de ce concept comme un projet commun au bénéfice de l’usager en vue de renforcer la participation et l’engagement de tous et l’adoption d’une approche de partenariat entre les usagers, leurs proches et les autres acteurs de l’organisation. / Introduction: Clinical governance framework was developed in order to achieve high standards of quality of care and services, by combining the concepts of continuous quality improvement, clinical excellence and corporate accountability. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to understand the implementation process of clinical governance in a rehabilitation center. Methods: A meta-narrative synthesis on the conceptualization and implementation of clinical governance was conducted. 65 tittles screened in 4 international databases were analysing. A qualitative single case study was conducted in a rehabilitation center for intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, in Quebec (Canada). By mobilizing the five constructs of the conceptual framework based on normalization process theory (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring and organizational context), a thematic analysis of individual interviews with 22 participants (5 administrators, 11 managers and 6 clinicians) and tree focus groups with 8 clinicians and 4 relatives of users were conducted. Finally, an analysis of around hundred administrative documents from the Center was conducted. Results: The literature revealed that the clinical governance framework is an evolving concept and still seen as an interesting avenue for improving the quality of care. However, confusion over its definition and conceptualization, and the difficulties of its implementation remain challenges for organizations. By mobilizing the clinical governance framework, the senior management of the rehabilitation center under study wished to systematize the process of continuous improvement of quality of services offered to users and their families, by adopting good governance practices. This shift was well received by administrators and managers, resulting in active participation and a strong commitment to activities. The complexity of the framework and the absence of involvement of clinicians in the implementation process have created in them an apprehension regarding the contribution of clinical governance to clinical practice and the well-being of users. Clinicians have criticized the lack of alignment between theory and the realities of clinical practice; the high speed of implementation and a top-down decision-making approach as issues of the implementation of clinical governance. For managers, the challenges have been the establishment of effective communications; the alignment of management mechanisms and the availability of human resources. For administrators, the main issue was the instability of the internal and external organizational contexts which slowed down the implementation and the development of an evaluation plan. Conclusion: The implementation of clinical governance in non-hospital facility requires the promotion of this concept as a joint project for the benefit of the user with a view to strengthening the participation and commitment of all and the adoption of a partnership approach between users, caregivers and other actors in the organization.