The performance of Thin Membrane Surface (TMS) highways is largely controlled by the strength of the subgrade soil which in turn is a function of the soil suction (Fredlund and Morgenstern, 1977). Thermal conductivity suction sensors can be used to indirectly measure in situ matric suction. <p>Thirty two (32) thermal conductivity sensors were installed under Thin Membrane Surface (TMS) in two highway locations; namely, Bethune and Torquay, Saskatchewan, in September 2000. The sensors were installed beneath the pavement, shoulder and side-slope to monitor matric suction and temperature changes with time. The monitoring system at Bethune was damaged after two years of operation. The thermal conductivity sensors at Torquay all appear to have been working well and data are still being collected.<p>Other attempts had been made in the past to use thermal conductivity sensors for field suction measurement, but all were terminated within a short period of time due to limitations associated with the equipment. The long-term suction measurement at the Torquay site is unique and provides valuable field data. <p>This research project presents and interprets the long-term matric suction measurements made between the years 2000 to 2005 at the Torquay site and from 2000 to 2002 at the Bethune site. To help in the interpretation of the data, a site investigation was undertaken along with a laboratory testing program that included the measurement of Soil-Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC). As well, a limited laboratory study was undertaken on several new thermal conductivity matric suction sensors. <p>The matric suction readings in the field showed a direct relationship to rainfall and regional evaporation conditions at the test sites. At the Bethune and Torquay test sites, the changes in matric suctions appeared to be mainly due to the movement of moisture through the edge of the road. Relatively constant equilibrium suctions were encountered under the driving-lanes. Conversely, matric suctions under the side-slopes were found to vary considerably with time and depth. Matric suctions under the driving-lanes ranged from 20 to 60 kPa throughout the years. Matric suctions on the side-slopes changed from 100 to 1500 kPa over the years. <p>The greatest variation of soil suctions occurred in the month of April from location to location in the subgrade. The soil suctions became less variable in June while larger variations again occurred from July to October. <p>The matric suction measurements obtained from the thermal conductivity sensors showed a general agreement with the values estimated using the soil-water characteristic curves, SWCC, measured in the laboratory.

Most studies of under-bark microclimate have been restricted to observations of a few coniferous trees in wooded southern latitudes. This limitation is worrying because of emerging wood-boring pests that specialize on deciduous trees in Canada, such as emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Using a large data set that includes 60 ash trees spread across both urban and woodlot sites in 6 different Ontario locations, I found that the under-bark microclimate of deciduous trees can provide wood-boring beetles with an environment in which temperatures which differ from air temperature. On average, daily minimum under-bark temperatures are significantly warmer than air temperatures in the winter months. At temperatures low enough to cause substantial cold-temperature mortality to emerald ash borer, the difference between under-bark and air temperature can be large. In addition, I observed that the difference between daily minimum under-bark and air temperature can vary, and consequently that assumptions of a constant level of difference between the two are not valid. In the spring season, I found that daily under-bark temperature maxima on the south side of the tree are significantly warmer than air temperature maxima. This difference lead to faster predicted development times for beetles in the southern under-bark microclimate of urban trees as compared to predictions based on air temperature, suggesting that city trees may impact overall population dynamics. While it is clear that under-bark temperatures differ from air temperatures, and are important to predicting possible range and population growth of wood-boring insects, large scale measurements of microclimate conditions are not feasible. I tested the ability of a simple Newtonian cooling model to predict under-bark temperature extremes using weather station data. While the model did not predict daily under-bark temperature maxima accurately, predictions of minima were quite accurate (1.31˚C average root mean squared error), especially when compared to the errors from assuming under-bark temperature is the same as air temperature (3.20˚C average root mean squared error). I recommend use of the Newtonian cooling model to predict under-bark temperature minima of deciduous and coniferous trees.

The performance of Thin Membrane Surface (TMS) highways is largely controlled by the strength of the subgrade soil which in turn is a function of the soil suction (Fredlund and Morgenstern, 1977). Thermal conductivity suction sensors can be used to indirectly measure in situ matric suction. <p>Thirty two (32) thermal conductivity sensors were installed under Thin Membrane Surface (TMS) in two highway locations; namely, Bethune and Torquay, Saskatchewan, in September 2000. The sensors were installed beneath the pavement, shoulder and side-slope to monitor matric suction and temperature changes with time. The monitoring system at Bethune was damaged after two years of operation. The thermal conductivity sensors at Torquay all appear to have been working well and data are still being collected.<p>Other attempts had been made in the past to use thermal conductivity sensors for field suction measurement, but all were terminated within a short period of time due to limitations associated with the equipment. The long-term suction measurement at the Torquay site is unique and provides valuable field data. <p>This research project presents and interprets the long-term matric suction measurements made between the years 2000 to 2005 at the Torquay site and from 2000 to 2002 at the Bethune site. To help in the interpretation of the data, a site investigation was undertaken along with a laboratory testing program that included the measurement of Soil-Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC). As well, a limited laboratory study was undertaken on several new thermal conductivity matric suction sensors. <p>The matric suction readings in the field showed a direct relationship to rainfall and regional evaporation conditions at the test sites. At the Bethune and Torquay test sites, the changes in matric suctions appeared to be mainly due to the movement of moisture through the edge of the road. Relatively constant equilibrium suctions were encountered under the driving-lanes. Conversely, matric suctions under the side-slopes were found to vary considerably with time and depth. Matric suctions under the driving-lanes ranged from 20 to 60 kPa throughout the years. Matric suctions on the side-slopes changed from 100 to 1500 kPa over the years. <p>The greatest variation of soil suctions occurred in the month of April from location to location in the subgrade. The soil suctions became less variable in June while larger variations again occurred from July to October. <p>The matric suction measurements obtained from the thermal conductivity sensors showed a general agreement with the values estimated using the soil-water characteristic curves, SWCC, measured in the laboratory.

Excessive exposure to heat stress can cause a host of heat-related illnesses. For laborers, job specific work demands and protective garments greatly increase the risk of succumbing to the effects of heat stress. Microclimate cooling has been used to control heat stress exposure where administrative or engineering controls are not adequate. This study tested the performance of four personal cooling vests for use with insulated protective clothing (gas extraction coveralls) in warm-humid (35 ° C, 50% relative humidity) and hot-dry (40°C, 30% relative humidity) conditions. On 10 separate occasions, 5 male volunteers walked on a treadmill to elicit a target metabolic rate of 300 watts, for 120 minutes, while wearing a (a) water cooled vest, (b) air cooled vest, (c) frozen polymer vest (FP) (d) liquid CO2 cooling (LCO2) vest, or (e) no cooling (NC). A three-way mixed effects ANOVA was used to assess the results and a Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference multiple comparison test was used to identify where significant differences occurred ( < 0.05). The air, water, and FP systems produced significantly lower heat storage rates compared to NC. To the extent that the gas extraction coverall is worn in an environment between 30°C and 45°C and the rate of work is moderate, the FP, air and water vest were shown to manage heat storage well, reducing storage rate by about 48%, 56% and 65% respectively.

The intent of this study was to monitor the effect of Canadian winter commercial transport conditions on animal outcomes. A methodology was developed to measure acceleration on trailers transporting cull cows and a preliminary comparison of acceleration and carcass bruising revealed that further study of the relationship was warranted. The accelerometer methodology was used as one tool to examine factors influencing internal trailer microclimate and trailer acceleration on shrink, and severe bruising in finished cattle. This research has improved our understanding of Canadian winter transport conditions affecting finished cattle and demonstrated that there is a relationship between vertical rms of acceleration (P=0.0025), beta agonist use (P=0.0323), total wait time (P=0.0052) and the two way interaction of carcass position and yield score (P=0.0025) with cattle bruising. It also demonstrated that there is a relationship between journey duration (P<0.001), allometric coefficient (P<0.001), temperature humidity index (P<0.001) and prod use during loading (P=0.0012) with cattle shrink. / October 2015

Revised; Originally Published: 2000 / 8 pp. / Whether you are beginning a new landscape or renovating an existing one, planning ahead can prevent many problems. The majority of maintenance requirements and plant problems result from either selecting the wrong kind of plant for a location or planting an inferior specimen of the selected plant type. In other words, there are two decisions to be made: ▪ What species, or kind, of tree are you going to buy — an oak, pine, mesquite, or acacia? ▪ Assuming you decide on an oak, which one in the row of oaks at the nursery are you going to buy? The first decision is called Plant Selection and the second is Selecting Plants. Our goal is to install the right plant in the right place. This publication will cover the factors involved in making good decisions to achieve this goal.

This thesis gives an overview about innovations in organisations as well as the importance of a favourable organisational microclimate for the enhancement of creativity and innovation. Generating ideas is always a very fragile process for any organisation engaged in innovative activities. In order to support good and successful ideas the companies have to have a favourable organisational microclimate. This microclimate is discussed against the background of certain conditions which organisations or rather companies should obtain in order to prevail innovations and cope with them in a successful way. The main focus of this thesis is on the conditions, which can favour and support the process of emerging innovations. The conditions are teamwork, management participation, effective communication and information flow, as well as innovative culture. During the different chapters however, some interrelations can therefore be seen. Furthermore nine interviews with three different innovative Latvian companies support our theoretical framework of this thesis, how the different conditions are interrelated with each other in practice and their occurrence in the different companies. In the end a discussion about the results is started, where it can be seen whether more conditions emerged.

Pasitaiko nemažai atvejų, kai mokiniai ir jų tėvai neigiamai žiūri į mokinius, turinčius specialiųjų ugdymo poreikių. Tikslas – ištirti mokinių, jų tėvų požiūrį į neįgalius mokinius ir atskleisti aplinkos įtaką, formuojant šį požiūrį. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti Lietuvos švietimo dokumentuose ir pedagoginėje literatūroje deklaruojamą požiūrį į specialiųjų poreikių mokinius. 2. Atskleisti bendrojo lavinimo mokyklos pradinių klasių vadovėlių ugdymo turinio ypatumus, formuojančius mokinių požiūrį į vaikus su negalia. 3. Ištirti tėvų ir bendraamžių požiūrį į vaikus, turinčius specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių. Tyrime dalyvavo 90 respondentų – mokinių ir 83 tėvai. Vadovėlių analize buvo siekiama sužinoti, kaip moksleiviai yra mokomi pažinti raidos sutrikimų turinčius žmones, kokia informacija apie tokius žmones perduodama. Išanalizavus pradinių klasių vadovėlius, rasta net 93 tekstai, kuriuose paminėti įvairūs susirgimai ar sutrikimai. Mokiniai dažniau pasirinktų aklą, kurčiąir nevaikštantį nei protinę negalią turintį draugą. Dauguma – 56,8 proc. respondentų teigia, kad nemoka su neįgaliaisiais ar ligoniais bendrauti. 51,8 proc. tėvų norėtų, kad jų vaikas draugautų su judėjimo negalią turinčiu bendraamžiu. 8,4 proc. leistų savo vaikui draugauti su turinčiu protinę negalią. Trečdalis apklausoje dalyvavusių tėvų neatsakė į šį klausimą. Išvados 1. Tėvų ir jų vaikų apklausos rezultatai parodo, kad požiūris į neįgalius vaikus sutampa. Mažiausiai stigmatizuojami nevaikščiojantys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are quite frequent cases, when schoolchildren and their parents have negative attitude towards schoolmates having special needs in education. The aim is to inquire the schoolchildren’s and their parent’s attitude towards contemporaries, having special needs. Objects of the research: 1. To analise the influence of the surroundings and contemporaries to the formation of the personality. 2. To investigate, what students and their parents think about disabled their children’s contemporaries. 3. To analise and reveal the peculiarities of educational content in primary schools which form pupil’s attitude towards disabled children. The basis of research: 173 respondents from schools in Prienai and Trakai districts. Theoretical and practical importance of the research. It is not only the intelligence of a person is formed at schools but also sensibility, imagination, values and attitude. Children with special needs, as well as their contemporaries, have wants in communication, appreciation and safety. That is why social integration, i.e. the development of normal social rapport between a child and his/ her contemporaries, is especially important. The information about disabled given at schools can be either of positive or negative complexions. Through analysis of the textbooks it was sought to learn how schoolchildren are trained to acknowledge people with development problems and what information about these people was given. After analysis even 93 texts with various diseases... [to full text]

Baigiamasis darbas atliktas Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitete, 2009 metais. Darbo apimtis 52 puslapiai jame yra: 15 paveikslų, 11 lentelių, 6 priedai. Literatūros apraše yra 31 šaltinis. Magistrantūros darbo tikslas - nustatyti dujų emisijos intensyvumą iš įvairaus mėšlo ir jos poveikį tvarto mikroklimatui bei aplinkos oro taršai. Atlikus informacijos šaltinių apžvalgą yra išanalizuotos gyvulių laikymo technologijos, aptarti veiksniai įtakojantys kenksmingų dujų sklidimą į aplinką. Įvertinti tvarto mikroklimato parametrai, mėšlo laikymo trukmės įtaka amoniako emisijai, priemonės jai mažinti. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus nustatėme amoniako ir anglies dvideginio dujų emisiją iš įvairaus mėšlo. Stende nustatyta, kad didžiausia amoniako emisija yra iš skysto mėšlo - 216 mg/(m2•h). Mažiausia amoniako emisija užfiksuota iš tiršto mėšlo - 88 mg /(m2•h). Apibendrinus skaičiavimo rezultatus gauname, kad didžiausias vėdinimo intensyvumas reikalingas vandens garų pertekliui pašalinti Todėl projektuojant tvartų vėdinimo sistemas, pakanka oro apykaitą skaičiuoti pagal vandens garų kiekį. Jeigu tvarte užtikrinsime ne per didelį oro drėgnumą, tai kartu bus ir nedidelė anglies dvideginio bei amoniako koncentracija. / Final work was accomplished at Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 2009. The scope of the work is 52 pages: 15 pictures, 11 tables, 6 appendixes are included. 31 sources of literature were referred to in this work. The aim of this Master degree‘s final work is to set gas emission intensity of various manure and her impact stables microclimate and ambient air pollution. Following the review source of information the analysis assessed of livestock keeping technologies, discuss the factors affecting the spread of harmful gases into the environment. The analysis of microclimate parameters in the farm was implemented, manure holding time to ammonia emision was implemented, measures to reduce emission. Following the experimental studies found ammonia and carbon dioxide gas emissions from various manure. The plaque states that the higest emission of ammonia from liquid manure - 216 mg / (m2•h). The minimum intensity in the ammonia emissions from thick manure - 88 mg / (m2•h). The summarize results of the calculation we get that the maximum intensity of ventilation required to remove excess water vapor. Therefore, the farm designed of ventilation systems, air circulation is sufficient to estimated under the water vapor content. If we make sure to do not to much air humidity in the cowshed then carbon dioxide and ammonia concentration it will be not to high.

Šis magistro darbas – tai savarankiška kolegialaus tyrimo dalis. Juo siekiama nustatyti organizacinio klimato bei tarpgeneracinės įtampos raišką bei sąsajas pasirinktoje lengvosios pramonės įmonėje. Organizacinio klimato ir tarpgeneracinės įtampos raiškos ypatumai buvo tiriami pagal „Organizacinio klimato“ bei „Tarpgeneracinės įtampos“ testą. Tyrime dalyvavo 61 respondentas, 8 komandos. Duomenys apdoroti SPSS programa. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad AB „Linų audiniai“ vyrauja nepalankus organizacinis klimatas bei kai kuriose komandose reiškiasi tarpgeneracinė įtampa. Taip pat nustatytos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos tarp organizacinio klimato ir tarpgeneracinės įtampos. / This master thesis is an independent part of a collegial research. Its purpose is to determine the expression and links of organizational climate and intergenerational tension in a chosen light industry company. The peculiarities of organizational climate and intergenerational tension were studied using “Organizational Climate” and “Intergenerational Tension” tests. 61 respondent and 8 teams participated in the research. The data was processed using SPSS program. The results show that unfavourable organizational climate dominates in AB “Linų audiniai“, and intergenerational tension is present in some teams. Additionally, statistically significant links between organizational climate and intergenerational tension were determined.