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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Território, legislação e monarquia no reinado de Alfonso X, o Sábio (1252-1284)

Reis, Jaime Estevão dos [UNESP] 09 May 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_je_dr_assis.pdf: 2511093 bytes, checksum: aa87469c94ef2cddc07e83912b84ed2f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Alfonso X, o Sábio (1221 - 1284), ascendeu ao trono de Castela em 1252, após a morte de seu pai, Fernando III (1199 - 1252). Considerado um dos monarcas mais poderosos do século XIII, herdou do pai uma política de centralização do poder real fundamentada na consolidação do território da monarquia e na unificação legislativa. Apoiando-se em um corpus documental formado por crônicas, códigos jurídicos e documentos régios do século XIII, esta tese mostra que Alfonso X foi um continuador dessa política de centralização. Sob seu reinado definiram-se as fronteiras do território da Coroa de Castela. Alfonso X completou o projeto de unificação jurídica esboçado por Fernando III ao substituir os vários códigos jurídicos locais, os chamados fueros, por uma legislação régia de caráter centralizador. Ao instituir uma legislação que garantisse a supremacia do poder real, Alfonso X provocou uma reação da nobreza ao seu projeto político. / Alphonse X, the Wise (1221 - 1284) ascended to the Castile throne in 1252, after his father's death, Fernando III (1199 - 1252). Considered one of the most powerful monarchs of the13th century, he inherited from his father a politics of centralization of the real power based on the consolidation of the monarchy territory, and on the legislative unification. Leaning on a documental corpus formed by chronicles, juridical codes and royal documents of the 13th century, this theory shows that Alphonse X was a continuator of that centralization. Under his reign, the borders of the territory of the Crown of Castile were defined. Alphonse X completed the project of juridical unification outlined by Fernando III when substituting the several local juridical codes, the so called fueros, for a royal legislation of centralizing character. When he implemented a legislation that would guarantee the supremacy of the royal power, Alphonse X provoked a reaction from the nobility to his political project.
162

Lutero y educación: fundamento y distinción para la escuela luterana

Cristian Eldor Rautenberg 07 December 2009 (has links)
La presente investigación presenta la propuesta teológico-pedagógica que surge a partir del análisis de los escritos de Martín Lutero. El reformador responde al contexto histórico, en lo que a educación se refiere, por lo que se presenta un panorama general de la situación del sistema educativo en la Edad Media y los antecedentes de la Reforma luterana, con aspectos biográficos de la vida de Martín Lutero en relación al sistema educativo en la época. Destacando aspectos que llegaron a ser referenciales para las propuestas educativas del reformador. Una vez establecidos los sujetos históricos de la época de la Reforma; y entendida la situación del sistema educativo y los métodos utilizados. Se avanza en el estudio de conceptos teológicos luteranos que influencian las propuestas pedagógicas del reformador. Estudiando a Lutero desde el lugar en que se manifiesta sobre la educación: el de un pastor y teólogo que responde a situaciones específicas y cuestiones elementales. Siendo el carácter teológico del pensamiento educativo de Lutero sustentado por su preocupación primordial sobre la relación de Dios con el ser humano y de éste a su vez con el mundo y la sociedad. Por lo que se consideran la doctrina de la justificación por la fe, central en Lutero; el propósito de las buenas obras, y de la ley y el evangelio, para comprender el lugar de la educación y la educabilidad del ser humano a partir de la doctrina de los dos reinos y el concepto de vocación. Luego se ocupa del estudio y análisis de los principios pedagógicos para una educación luterana, que surgen de la reflexión en los escritos pedagógicos del reformador. Y otros que surgen de la investigación bibliográfica y demás escritos teológicos luteranos. A partir de los cuales se desarrolla la reflexión sobre el pensamiento pedagógico de Lutero, así como su relación con el humanismo en la educación. Para, finalmente, presentar una propuesta pedagógica enfocada hacia la escuela luterana, como servicio al Evangelio y al mundo. En última instancia, la presente investigación concluye que el fundamento de la educación luterana está en la Palabra de Dios y que la distinción de la escuela cristiana luterana está en la instrucción y enseñanza cristiana, centro de toda su estructura, preocupación y quehacer educativo / This researchs work presents, as result, the theological-pedagogical proposal that arises from the analysis of writings of Martin Luther. The reformer responds to his historical context on educational matters, reason why a general picture of the educative system situation in the Middle Age is displayed and also antecedents of the Lutheran Reformation and biographical details of the Martin Luthers life. It emphasizes aspects that got to be referential for the educative proposals of the reformer. Having been established the historical subjects of the Reformations time; and understood the situation of the educative system and its methods, researchs focus is put on theological Lutheran concepts that influence the pedagogical proposals of the reformer. Concepts coming from a Luther that being pastor and theologian acts responding to specific situations and elementary questions. The Luthers thought about education is marked for his understanding of the relationship between God and the human being and, at the same time, of this with the World and society. Doctrines as Justification by faith, the right place of the Good Works, Law and Gospel and the Two Kingdoms are essentials in the understanding of his thought about the right place of the education and the human being as its subject. Study and analysis continues being centered on pedagogical principles for a Lutheran education, as consequence of the reflection on pedagogical writings of the reformer, bibliographical research and other Lutheran theological writings as well. Pedagogical thought of Luther, as well as its relation with the humanism in the education is developed as result. Finally a pedagogical proposal for the Lutheran school is presented and it service to the Gospel and the world is highlighted. In last instance, the present work concludes that the Lutheran education foundation is on the Word of God and that the mark of the Lutheran school is in the instruction and christian education. It is the axis of all its structure, preoccupation and educative task.
163

Um monge no divã. O adolescer de Guibert de Nogent (1055-1125?): uma análise histórico-psicanalítica / A Monk on the couch: the becoming adolescent of Guibert de Nogent (1055-1125?) - a historic-psychoanalytic method

David Léo Levisky 26 November 2004 (has links)
Este estudo retrata o adolescer de Guibert de Nogent, monge da região de Beauvais, norte da França, que viveu entre 1055-1125, aproximadamente. Utiliza-se de um método histórico-psicanalítico com o objetivo de tentar analisar o texto autobiográfico e o contexto vivido por Guibert, durante sua infância e a transição para a vida adulta. Toma-se como pontos de referência para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, o conhecimento adquirido pela psicanálise contemporânea sobre o processo adolescente e o contexto histórico da Idade Média, séculos XI-XII. Tendo por base a metapsicologia psicanalítica proveniente de Freud, e de alguns dos seus seguidores, e os conhecimentos da história social, oriundos de Bloch, Vernant e outros, procura-se compreender os aspectos inconscientes e as interferências recíprocas entre sujeito psíquico e cultura. Estuda-se as condições de nascimento e de desenvolvimento, o processo educacional, a entrada na puberdade, a crise e a elaboração do processo adolescente até a vida adulta, dos quais se pode extrair os conteúdos componentes das estruturas e dinâmicas existentes entre as pulsões, o ego e o superego. Analisa-se as interações entre o desenvolvimento do sujeito psíquico e as incorporações provenientes das características do meio familiar, social, afetivo, religioso, cultural, preconizadas e exercidas pelo domínio da Igreja dentro do regime clérico-feudal. Parte-se do estudo particular de um caso para se propor algumas considerações gerais sobre o adolescer na Idade Média. Evidencia-se dois objetivos principais nesta investigação histórico-psicanalítica. O primeiro, tentar definir a existência da adolescência como fenômeno intrínseco do desenvolvimento humano e seus conflitos, durante a construção da identidade adulta e em relação à cultura. O segundo, tentar criar uma metodologia através da interface histórico-psicanalítica, capaz de contribuir para a compreensão da construção do sujeito psíquico em suas relações com os fatos e processos históricos, e que levam em consideração o individual e o coletivo, o psicofísico e o ambiental, o texto e o contexto, o homem e sua cultura. / This study analyses the becoming adolescent of Guibert de Nogent, monk from the Beauvais region, north of France, who lived around 1055-1125. A historic-psychoanalytic method was used, having in mind the analysis of the autobiographic text and the context within which Guibert lived his childhood and his transition to adulthood. The up to date psychoanalytic knowledge about the process towards adolescence and the historic context in the Middle Ages, centuries XI-XII, are the reference points adopted for the development of the present work. The basis for understanding the unconscious aspects and the reciprocal interference between the psychic subject and the culture is the psychoanalytic metapsychology originated with Freud and some of his followers, and from the social history by Bloch, Vernant and others. It is possible to extract the contents from the dynamic structures components which exist between the drives, the ego and the superego by analyzing the conditions of birth, the development, the educational process, the entering into puberty, the crisis and the development of the adolescence process until the adult life. The interactions between the psychic subject and the influences originated from the characteristics of the family, social, affective, religious and cultural environment, imposed and executed by the dominance of the Church within a clerical-feudal regime are analyzed. The study of this one case leads to general considerations about the adolescence process during the Middle Ages. Two main objectives come out from this historic-psychoanalytic research. The first aims at the definition of the existence of the adolescence as intrinsic phenomenon of the human development and its conflicts along the construction of the adult identity and in relation to the culture. The second intents the presentation of a new methodology by means of the historic-psychoanalytic interface, able to contribute to the understanding of the building up process of the psychic subject in relation to the facts and the historic processes, which takes into consideration the individual and the collective, the psychophysic and the environment, the text and the context, the man and his culture.
164

Efeitos de diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico sobre o controle autonômico e cardiorrespiratório em homens de meia-idade / Effects of different physical training protocols on autonomic and cardiorespiratory controls in middle-aged men

Leite, Sabrina Toffoli 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon Mikahil / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_SabrinaToffoli_D.pdf: 1213225 bytes, checksum: 33f8186198ad441ecaa05d07518a86da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As adaptações autonômicas e cardiorrespiratórias decorrentes do treinamento físico aeróbio já se encontram bem sustentadas pela literatura, como por exemplo, a ocorrência da bradicardia de repouso. No entanto, outros protocolos de treinamento, como o treinamento com pesos, ainda são questionados sobre as adaptações obtidas, principalmente com relação à resposta dos sistemas nervoso autônomo e cardiorrespiratório. Ainda, em outro tipo de programa de treinamento, o concorrente (aeróbio e pesos associados) as respostas adaptativas são ainda menos esclarecidas e evidenciam-se os questionamentos quanto à carga ideal de treinamento para a aquisição de adaptações proporcionais aos protocolos de treinamento isolados. Com isso, este trabalho objetivou comparar as adaptações autonômicas cardiovasculares em resposta a diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico em homens entre 40 e 60 anos, com hábitos de vida não ativos. Os voluntários foram subdivididos em 4 grupos, sendo três de treinamento (grupos: aeróbio (GTA), com pesos (GTP) e concorrente (CTC)) e um grupo controle (GC). Antes e após 16 semanas do protocolo experimental, os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação dos componentes autonômicos cardiovasculares expressos pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (no domínio do tempo e da freqüência), obtidos e analisados por meio dos registros dos intervalos RR do eletrocardiograma coletados em repouso supino, tanto em respiração espontânea (RE) quanto em respiração controlada, através da manobra de arritmia sinusal respiratória (M-ASR). Para avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória (Vo2pico e VO2LV) foi realizado um protocolo de rampa, em esteira rolante, com incrementos crescentes de velocidade até a exaustão, obtendo variáveis no limiar ventilatório e no pico do esforço. A força muscular foi avaliada através do teste de 1 repetição máxima (1-RM). Dentre os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que os três programas de treinamento físico propostos parecem não alteraram e não interferiram negativamente nas variáveis cardiovasculares de repouso durante a RE, tendo apenas o grupo aeróbio reduzido a frequência cardíaca de repouso (pré:69,6±6,4; pós:65,5±7,2; p<0,05). Já com relação a M-ASR, a análise no domínio da frequência mostrou um aumento (p<0,05) no componente de modulação simpática - LF, e um desbalanço simpato-vagal (razão LF/HF) para os GTA e GTC, quando comparada a RE nas condições pré e pós treinamento. Não foi possível esclarecermos os mecanismos envolvidos neste comportamento. Além disso, na avaliação cardiorrespiratória, o GTC mostrou ganhos de magnitude semelhantes aos do GTA, como melhora na velocidade de corrida tanto no LV quanto no pico do esforço. Apenas o GTA obteve melhoras significativas no Vo2pico e VO2LV. Já o componente da força muscular melhorou para todos os grupos de treinamento físico. Desta forma, o treinamento concorrente parece ser uma boa alternativa como metodologia de treinamento e ganhos associados nas várias capacidades físicas estudadas, sem gerar prejuízos a função cardiovascular. Investigações adicionais são necessárias para estabelecer o efeito dos treinamentos com pesos e concorrente nas variáveis cardiovasculares de repouso. Abstract: The autonomic and cardiorespiratory adaptations with aerobic physical training are already well supported by the literature, eg the occurrence of bradycardia at rest. However, other protocols, such as strength training, are still questioned about the adjustments, especially the adatations of the cardiovascular e cardiorespiratory systems. In another type of physical training program, the concurrent (aerobic and strength associated) the responses of adjustments are still less elucidated, included questions about the optimal training load for optimal proporcional adaptations compared with isolated protocols. Therefore, this study compares the autonomic cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory adaptations in response to different physical training protocols in middle aged men, with no active lifestyle. The volunteers were divided into four groups, three of training (groups: aerobic, strength and concurrent) and a control group. Before and after 16 weeks of the experimental protocol, the volunteers underwent assessment of autonomic components (heart rate variability), obtained and analyzed through the records of the RR intervals collected at rest, both spontaneous breathing and controlled breathing, the respiratory sinus arrhythmia. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables was performed a treadmill ramp protocol with speed increments until exhaustion, analyzing variables at ventilatory threshold and peak effort, and the strength was evaluated using the 1 maximal repetition test. It was concluded that the three physical training programs do not seem negatively affect the cardiovascular variables at rest, at spontaneous breathing, reducing the rest heart rate (pre: 69.6 ± 6,4; post: 65.5 ± 7.2, p <0.05) only the the aerobic group. As to the controlled breathing, the analysis in the frequency domain showed an increase (p<0.05) in sympathetic modulation component - LF, and an imbalance in sympatho-vagal ratio (LF/HF) for aerobic and concurrent groups, when compared to spontaneous breathing, both pre and post training, by unknown mechanisms. Moreover, in cardiorespiratory evaluation, concurrent training showed similar gains to those of aerobic training, as improvement in speed as in the ventilatory threshold as at peak exercise, although only the aerobic group had improved the oxygen consumption. Meanwhile, the strength components have improved for all groups of physical training. With this, concurrent training eems to be a good alternative for training and gains associated with several physical capacities that decrease physiologically with aging and would be trained in a isolated way. Further studies are needed to establish the effect of strength and concurrent training in rest cardiovascular variables. / Doutorado / Ciencia do Desporto / Doutor em Educação Física
165

Comparação dos indicadores funcionais e bioquimicos em homens de meia-idade submetidos a treinamento aerobio e corredores de longa distancia / Comparison of functional and biochemical indicators in middle aged men undergoing aerobic training and long distance runners

Salgado, José Vitor Vieira, 1977 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon Mikahil / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T05:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado_JoseVitorVieira_M.pdf: 867713 bytes, checksum: 6908f05e1d80d8d4a637179e624366e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O avançar da idade aliado à inatividade física contribuem para o surgimento de uma série de doenças metabólicas dentre as quais se destacam a hipertensão arterial, obesidade, síndrome da resistência à insulina e dislipidemia, levando a um quadro de síndrome metabólica (SM) aumentando o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus e doenças cardiovasculares. O presente estudo objetivou investigar se períodos curtos de intervenção com treinamento aeróbio de baixa a moderada intensidades podem promover alterações nos marcadores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares em homens de meia-idade. Além disso, procurou comparar essas possíveis alterações com indivíduos de mesma faixa etária praticantes de treinamento aeróbio regular há alguns anos (corredores de longa distância). Compuseram a amostra dois grupos de indivíduos do sexo masculino de meia idade, sendo que um dos grupos (n=15, 46,45±4,50 anos, 173,59±7.52 cm) submetido a um treinamento aeróbio com intensidades entre 60% e 80% do VO2pico durante 16 semanas com 3 sessões semanais e avaliado nos dois momentos distintos: chamados de pré treinamento aeróbio (PRÉ-TA) e pós treinamento aeróbio (PÓS-TA): massa corporal total 80,77±8,67kg e PÓS-TA: massa corporal total 78,83±9,01kg. Um segundo grupo estudado foi o de corredores de longa distância (C) (n=21, 47,43± 5,77 anos, massa corporal total 66,97±10,56 kg, 171,05±7,47 cm), com um tempo médio de treinamento 15,38 ± 8,94 anos percorrendo semanalmente 62,95 ± 32,04 km e com tempo médio de performance para 10km de 45'36" ± 6'32". Foi avaliado diretamente o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2pico), composição corporal, perfil lipídio, PCR, hemoglobina glicada, glicose de jejum, insulina basal; a resistência à insulina foi estimada por meio do método Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). A análise estatística foi realizada intergrupos e intragrupos adotando um valor de p<0,05. Foi observada diferença significante entre o grupo PRÉ-TA e PÓS-TA, com redução dos valores para as variáveis: massa corporal total (p=0,011), IMC (p=0,011), % de gordura (p=0,023), massa gorda (p=0,012), circunferência de cintura (p=0,001), colesterol total (p=0,009), LDL (p=0,038), insulina basal (p=0,036) e hemoglobina glicada (p=0,031) e aumento no consumo máximo de oxigênio (p=0,000). Contudo, para a massa magra, HDL, triglicérides, glicemia, HOMA e PCR não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significantes. Quando comparados PÓS-TA e corredores somente não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para a MM, colesterol total, LDL, triglicérides, glicemia e PCR, com menores valores para o grupo de corredores com exceção do maior VO2pico e HDL. Indivíduos de meiaidade apresentaram alterações positivas nos marcadores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares após a realização de apenas 16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio. No entanto, indivíduos que realizam TA durante anos, em intensidades superiores de treino demonstraram ter benefícios ainda maiores decorrentes do exercício físico, evidenciando o importante papel do exercício físico, em menor ou maior quantidade e intensidade, como sinalizador do controle de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas à síndrome metabólica / Abstract: The advancement of age combined with physical inactivity contribute to the emergence of a number of metabolic diseases among which are included; arterial hypertension, obesity, syndrome of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. These could lead to a metabolic syndrome (MS) and increase the risks of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study aims at investigating whether short periods of intervention with aerobic training of low to moderate intensities can promote changes in markers of risks of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged men. Furthermore, we try to compare these changes with individuals of the same age who have been practitioners of regular aerobic training for several years (long-distance runners). The sample was composed of two groups of males of middle age, with one group (n = 15) 46,45 ± 4,50 years, 173,59 ± 7,52 cm subjected to an aerobic training with intensities between 60% and 80% of VO2peak for 16 weeks with 3 sessions per week and assessed in two distinct moments: pre-aerobic training (PRE-TA) and post-aerobic training (POST-TA). The total body mass for the PRE-TA sample populations is 80,77 ± 8,67 kg and that for POST-TA is 78,83 ± 9,01 kg. A second group studied was the long-distance runners (C) (n = 21), 47,43 ± 5,77 years, total body mass 66,97 ± 10,56 kg, 171,05 ± 7,47 cm, with an average of 15,38 ± 8,94 years of weekly training across an estimated distance of 62,95 ± 32,04 kilometers with an average time of performance for 10km of 45'36"± 6'32". The study directly assessed the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2peak.), body composition, lipid profile, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, basal insulin and insulin resistance which was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment method (HOMA-IR). Statistical analysis was performed between groups and within groups, and adopted a value of 0,05. A significant difference was observed between the group PRE and POST-TA-TA, with reduction of the values for the variables: total body mass (p=0,011), BMI (p=0,011),% fat (p=0,023), fat mass (p=0,012), waist circumference (p=0,001), total cholesterol (p=0,009), LDL (p=0,038), basal insulin (p=0,036) and glycated hemoglobin (p=0,031) and increase in the maximum oxygen (p=0,000). However, for lean mass, HDL, triglycerides, blood glucose, HOMA and CRP were not statistically significant difference. When compared POST-TA and runners not only statistical differences were observed for the MM, total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, glucose and CRP, with lower values for the group of runners with the exception of higher VO2peak and HDL. Middle-aged subjects showed positive changes in markers of risk of cardiovascular disease after the completion of only 16 weeks of aerobic training. However, individuals who perform TA for years in higher training intensities have demonstrated benefits of exercise even greater. These data indicate the important role of physical exercise, to a lesser or greater quantity and intensity, as flags of the control of risk factors for the development of diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física
166

Comparação das respostas autonomicas e cardiorrespiratorias de homens e mulheres de meia-idade antes e apos treinamento fisico aerobio / Comparison of autonomic and cardiorespiratory responses of middle-age men and women before and after aerobic physical trainnig

Leite, Sabrina Toffoli 18 January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-Mikahil / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T16:35:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_SabrinaToffoli_M.pdf: 748956 bytes, checksum: b6b2a4fae036e8b13b5446cc1a62b301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou comparar as adaptações autonômicas e cardiorrespiratórias em resposta a um programa de 12 semanas de treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) em homens e mulheres de meia idade com hábitos de vida não ativos. Compuseram a amostra sete homens (GH), com média de idade de 44,6 ??2,1 anos, e sete mulheres (GM), com 51,7 ??4,8 anos, sendo que todas faziam terapia de reposição hormonal. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos ao treinamento físico aeróbio (caminhadas e trotes em pista, com intensidade entre 70-85% da freqüência cardíaca (FC) máxima. O treino foi composto por três sessões semanais, com a duração aproximada de 40-50 min cada sessão. Para a avaliação dos componentes autonômicos foram aplicados os protocolos de Manobra Postural Passiva (Tilt) e Eletrocardiografia Dinâmica de 24 horas (Holter), no qual foram selecionados trechos estáveis, tanto na vigília quanto no sono. Foram utilizados para a análise no domínio do tempo o desvio padrão das médias dos intervalos entre as ondas R do eletrocardiograma (iRR), a raiz quadrada da média dos quadrados dos iRR e a porcentagem de iRR com duração menor que 50ms. Já para o domínio da freqüência, por meio da aplicação da transformada rápida de Fourier, foram analisadas as faixas de baixa (LF) e alta (HF) freqüências, também em unidades normalizadas, além da potência total. Na avaliação das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias foi realizado um protocolo de esforço contínuo em cicloergômetro com incrementos crescentes de potência até a exaustão, com registro da freqüência cardíaca e análise direta de gases expirados. Os resultados mostraram que na avaliação do Holter não foram observados efeitos do treinamento nos indicadores simpático e parassimpáticos, e que o GM apresentou valores de HF ligeiramente maiores e LF menores em comparação ao GH, tanto em vigília quanto em sono, nas condições sedentário e treinado. Já no Tilt, foi possível detectar um aumento na média dos iRR após o treinamento, redução na pressão arterial sistólica de repouso e na FC máxima. Com relação à capacidade cardiorrespiratória, o GM apresentou resultados inferiores ao GH nas duas condições estudadas. Pode se concluir, portanto, que realmente as mulheres de meia idade apresentam diferenças cardiovasculares importantes quando comparadas aos homens, e que o TFA foi capaz de aprimorar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, os valores de pressão arterial e de FC de ambos os grupos. Já com relação ao controle autonômico, na mensuração pelo Holter, não foram encontradas modificações após o treinamento físico proposto, e pela análise do protocolo de Tilt foi possível observar redução dos iRR e modificação nos valores de pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca instantânea, em ambos os grupos. Demais modificações podem não ter ocorrido em virtude da duração total do treinamento / Abstract:The aim of this research was to compare the autonomic and cardiorespiratory adaptations in response to a 12 weeks aerobic physical training program with middle age men and women with inactive habits of life. The sample was composed by seven men (GH), with mean age of 44.6 ± 2.1 years old, and seven women (GM) with 51,7 4.8 years old, all of them with hormone replacement therapy. All volunteers participated of a aerobic physical training (walks and runnings, with intensity between 70-85% of max HR. The training was composed by three sessions a week, with with the approximate duration of 40-50 minutes each session. For the assessment of autonomic components were applied the Tilt Test and 24 hours Dynamic Eletrocardiografy (Holter), which were selected stable excerpts during the vigil and the sleep. It was used for the Time Domain analysis the standard averages between R waves of the electrocardiogram (iRR), the square root of the mean square of the iRR and the percentage of iRR lasting less than 50ms. For the Frequency Domain analysis it was used the low and high frequencies, also in the normalized units, as well the total power by the Fast Fourier Transforming. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables it was performed a cycle ergometer protocol with increasing increments of power until the exhaustion, with the registration of heart rate and analysis of expired gases. The results showed that in the Holter evaluation no training effects were observed in sympathetic and parassimpathetic indicators, and the GM presented a higher HF and lower LF than the GH, as vigil as sleep, both sedentary and trained conditions. In the Tilt Test, it was possible to detect an increase in the average of iRR after training, reduction in systolic blood pressure at rest and maximum heart rate. About the cardiorespiratory capacity, the GM always showed shorter resuts than GH. It can be concluded that the middle age women really have important cardiovascular diferences in comparison to men, and that the TFA was able to improve the cardiorespiratory capacity, the values of PA and HR of both groups. In the autonomic control analysys, by dynamic ECG measurement, it was not found significant changes afte the physical training and by Tilt protocol analysys it was observed reduction of iRR and changes of the blood pressure and instantly heart rate values, in both groups. Other changes may not have occurred perhaps because of the insuficient duration of the training, to achieve such gains / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física
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The middle-aged smoker in health care:primary health care use, cardiovascular risk factors, and physician’s help in quitting

Keto, J. (Jaana) 16 January 2018 (has links)
Abstract The research focus for smoking and public health has typically been on serious smoking diseases such as cancer and coronary thrombosis, which typically require treatment in a hospital setting at an older age. In this thesis, primary health care utilisation and cardiovascular risk factors according to smoking status were studied in a younger cohort: at age 46 in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966. Primary health care costs of smokers vs. never-smokers were 28% higher for men and 21% higher for women. Signs of elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease were visible: smokers had 20% higher triglycerides, slightly larger waist-to-hip ratio, and type 2 diabetes prevalence was twice as high among smokers than never-smokers after adjustment for covariates. The calculated ten-year risk of a cardiovascular event was twice as high for smokers vs. either never-smokers, former smokers or recent quitters. These results should be seen as early warning signals in primary health care, and cost-effective actions should be taken to prevent later multimorbidity – smoking cessation aid by a physician is very cost effective. Only a minority of smokers receive cessation support from a physician, even though the majority of them wish to quit. In order to understand this discrepancy, a survey was conducted on physicians and smoking cessation. Physicians thought it was their responsibility to try to get the patient to quit, but practical measures to treat smoking dependence were rare. The most commonly reported restrictions for smoking cessation work – lack of time and functional treatment paths – could be addressed by administration and management. The attitudes and experiences of Finnish physicians were in line with the WHO recommendation to improve smoking cessation services and integrate them into health care: 80% were in favour of more resources being directed to smoking cessation services, and less than one third thought that smoking cessation was even somewhat well organised in the Finnish health care system. / Tiivistelmä Tupakoinnin terveys- ja talousvaikutusten tarkastelu keskittyy usein myöhemmällä iällä sairaalahoitoa vaativiin tupakkasairauksiin kuten syöpään ja sepelvaltimotautiin. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan tupakoinnin ja perusterveydenhuollon käytön sekä sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskitekijöiden yhteyttä nuoremmassa otoksessa: 46 vuoden iässä Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohortissa. Perusterveydenhuollon vuosittaiset kustannukset olivat tupakoivilla korkeammat kuin tupakoimattomilla: miehillä 28% ja naisilla 21%. Merkkejä kohonneesta metabolisen oireyhtymän ja sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskistä oli havaittavissa: tupakoivien triglyseridit olivat 20% korkeammat, heidän lantio-vyötärösuhteensa oli hieman suurempi kuin tupakoimattomilla, ja tyypin 2 diabetes oli heillä kaksi kertaa yleisempää taustamuuttujien vakioinnin jälkeen. Arvioitu riski saada vakava sydän- tai verisuonitapahtuma seuraavan kymmenen vuoden kuluessa oli tupakoivilla kaksi kertaa suurempi kuin heillä, jotka joko eivät olleet ikinä tupakoineet, olivat aiemmin tupakoineet, tai jotka olivat hiljattain lopettaneet. Perusterveydenhuollon tulisi nähdä nämä ilmiöt varhaisina varoitussignaaleina ja ryhtyä kustannusvaikuttaviin toimenpiteisiin myöhemmän multimorbiditeetin ehkäisemiseksi – lääkärin antama tuki tupakoinnin lopettamisessa on erittäin kustannusvaikuttavaa. Vaikka suurin osa tupakoitsijoista haluaa lopettaa, vain vähemmistö saa siihen tukea lääkäriltä. Tämän epäsuhdan ymmärtämiseksi tehtiin kyselytutkimus lääkäreille tupakastavieroituksesta. Lääkärit näkivät velvollisuudekseen yrittää saada tupakoiva potilas lopettamaan, mutta käytännön toimet tupakkariippuvuuden hoitamiseksi olivat harvinaisia. Yleisimmin raportoidut esteet vieroitustyölle – aikapula ja puutteelliset hoitopolut – olivat hallinnon ja johdon ratkaistavissa. WHO:n mukaan Suomella on parantamisen varaa lopettamisen tukipalveluissa ja tupakkariippuvuuden hoidon integroimisessa terveydenhuoltojärjestelmään. Tästä väitöskirjasta käy ilmi, että suomalaisten lääkäreiden asenteet ja kokemukset ovat linjassa WHO:n ohjeistuksen kanssa: 80% kannatti lisäresurssien ohjaamista lopettamispalveluihin ja alle kolmanneksen mielestä tupakastavieroitus toteutui edes jokseenkin hyvin suomalaisessa terveydenhuoltojärjestelmässä.
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Le chiese rurali del nord-ovest della Sardegna : il contributo dell’archeologia dell’architettura allo studio dei villaggi medievali scomparsi / Countryside churches in North West Sardinia : the contribution of the archeology of architecture to the study on medieval deserted villages / Les églises rurales du nord-ouest de la Sardaigne : la contribution de l’archéologie du bâti à l’étude des villages médiévaux désertés.

Urgu, Alessandra 13 June 2014 (has links)
Les sources écrites renferment, à partir du XIe siècle, les témoignages d’un grand nombre de villages dispersés, fondés pour la plupart grâce au mécénat des juges-rois. Toutefois, ces villages n’ont eu qu’une courte durée de vie, car ils ont été frappés, au cours du XIVe siècle, par une terrible crise politico-sociale qui a entraîné la disparition d’un grand nombre d'entre eux. Les principaux et souvent uniques témoignages architecturaux de leurs existences sont des églises. Autrefois placées au centre des agglomérations rurales, elles sont issues d’un renouvèlement ecclésiastique promu par Grégoire VII pour réaffirmer la souveraineté papale sur l’île. Ces édifices de dimensions modestes, aujourd’hui souvent à l’état d’abandon, renferment d’importantes informations que seule une lecture attentive peut dévoiler et interpréter, et qui sont susceptibles de précéder ou d’accompagner une intervention de fouille archéologique. Les enjeux de cette recherche ont été de déchiffrer ces documents matériels au travers l’archéologie du bâti, sans pour autant négliger les autres disciplines (histoire, archéologie du sous-sol, épigraphie), pour reconstruire les dynamiques qui ont caractérisé les villages et les savoir techniques qu’y circulaient. Il a été ainsi possible de collecter de nouvelles informations sur ces réalités disparues et de caractériser les éléments qui composent le plus grand tableau référentiel des différents établissements dans les contextes territoriaux du nord-ouest de l’île. / Since the XI century in Sardinia we have evidence of a great number of scattered villages, founded mostly thanks to the support of the king-judges of the area. Those villages lived quite shortly though because, since the XIV century, they were hit by a severe crisis which led to the desertion of many of them. In our time we only have few architectural remains from this period, like the small churches that used to be the main gathering point of the villages and which represent the result of the clerical renovation started by Pope Gregory VII who wanted to reaffirm the papal supremacy over the whole island. Nowadays these small buildings are often completely deserted; however they still keep very important information that can be unveiled by a careful examination and matched with the outcome of the historical research made as an early stage study before the archaeological excavations are made. The present research is aimed to show the results of the study conducted in the area of the ‘Rio Mannu’ river basin (in the North West of Sardinia) through the archaeology of architecture method. / In Sardegna a partire dall’XI secolo troviamo testimonianza nelle fonti documentarie di un gran numero di villaggi a carattere sparso, sorti per la maggior parte grazie alla ‘sponsorizzazione’ dei giudici-re. Tali villaggi ebbero però una vita relativamente breve, in quanto dal XIV secolo furono colpiti da una crisi che portò alla scomparsa gran parte di essi. Della loro esistenza non restano spesso che poche testimonianze architettoniche attribuibili a questa fase storica: le chiesette che in passato costituivano il centro degli agglomerati rurali e che rappresentano il frutto di quel rinnovamento ecclesiastico, cercato da Gregorio VII, per riaffermare la sovranità papale sull’isola. Spesso in stato di completo abbandono, questi piccoli edifici conservano in se ancora importanti informazioni, che una lettura attenta delle strutture può svelare ed interpretare affinché possano integrare i dati derivanti dalla ricerca storica e porsi come studio preliminare allo scavo archeologico. L’obiettivo della ricerca intrapresa è stato ‘leggere’ questi documenti materiali attraverso l’archeologia dell’architettura. È stato così possibile aggiungere nuove informazioni su queste realtà scomparse e definire le tessere che compongono il più ampio quadro conoscitivo dei diversi insediamenti nel contesto territoriale del Bacino idrografico del Rio Mannu.
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Histoires du livre, visions du sauvage : des manuscrits du Moyen âge aux premiers imprimés du XVIe siècle, le loup à l’épreuve de l’écriture / Book story and history, images of the wild : wolf against literacy in medieval manuscripts and first printed books

Gonzalez, Loren 07 July 2016 (has links)
Au cours des dix siècles que compte le Moyen Âge, l’Occident chrétien est définitivement devenu une civilisation de l’écrit, ce dont témoignent par exemple la production de magnifiques manuscrits enluminés tout au long de cette période. Des manuscrits insulaires du début du IXe siècle aux livres de chasse du XIVe siècle, en passant par les fascinants Bestiaires du Moyen Âge central, cette florissante culture de l’écrit a ménagé une place de choix à l’animalité, aux animaux sauvages et au loup en particulier. Consacré comme parangon du sauvage au moment où l’Europe chrétienne consacrait le culte du livre, le loup et à travers lui l’idée du sauvage ont nourri de riches systèmes de représentations au sein des sources écrites. Avec dans son sillage toute une myriade de figures « lupines », le loup fonctionne ainsi comme un catalyseur à la fois de l’idée du sauvage au Moyen Âge et des enjeux liés à l’essor des traditions écrites. Des Etymologiae d’Isidore de Séville aux Tragiques d’Agrippa d’Aubigné, cette étude vise à mieux comprendre les relations unissant le loup et le sauvage à l’histoire du livre, de la littérature et de la transmission des savoirs. À partir des représentations du loup et des visions médiévales du sauvage, une écriture du sauvage s’est en effet développée au Moyen Âge, voire une poétique inspirée du sauvage mais dont la pertinence demande à être interrogée au prisme de cette révolution dans l’histoire de l’écriture que fut l’invention de l’imprimerie. À une période qui a en partie renié l’imaginaire médiéval et connu tant de bouleversements culturels, pareille écriture pouvait-elle perdurer dans l’empreinte du loup, emblème d’un sauvage « médiéval » ? À la Renaissance, ne s’est-elle pas affranchie des visions médiévales du sauvage pour rencontrer un « nouveau sauvage » aux Amériques ? Des livres alchimiques aux récits viatiques, des poèmes eddiques aux recueils de proverbes, de la littérature hagiographique aux contes de loups-garous, le loup nous entraîne ainsi dans une littérature foisonnante qui interroge la nature de l’homme et son identité multiple, prise dans un jeu incessant de mouvements et de métamorphoses, jusqu’à épouser les arabesques de l’esthétique baroque. / In the course of middle ages, the Christian Western Europe became forever a civilization based on literacy, as we can see through the output of such amazing illuminated manuscripts during these ten centuries. From insular manuscripts from the early Ninth century and books of hunting from the Fourteenth to Bestiaries from Twelfth and Thirteenth’s, such a flourishing literature gave animals, wild animals and particularly the wolf, an important position. While the Christian Europe started to consider books as essential and holy, wolves and wildness inspired at the same time numeral extensive representations as we can see them in writings. Related to so many wolfy figures, the wolf seems to be a catalyst of both ideas of wildness and questions about the growth of literacy. From Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae to The Tragics by Agrippa d’Aubigné, this work aims to a better understanding of relationships between wolf and wildness and the history of literature, books and knowledge passing down. From wolf and wildness medieval representations, a writing way for and by wildness emerge in medieval literature. But such a writing way seems to be problematic after the revolutionary invention of printing press. While Renaissance repudiated medieval heritages and suffered a lot of upheavals, such a writing way could not continue. Instead of following wolves’ tracks, which then symbolized something like a “medieval wildness” authors began to write differently about wildness after the end of the middle ages: after the discovering of a new wilderness in America, they tried to create new visions liberated from medieval memories. From alchemic books to travel stories, from proverbs to eddic poems, from hagiographic literature to werewolves’ tales, wolves take us to an abundant literature which helps readers to wonder about human nature and its much identity, in a system of mowing and metamorphoses, like so many Baroque arabesques.
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Ett sviktande hjärta : patientupplevelser av att leva med en kronisk hjärtsvikt / A failing heart : patient experiences from living with chronic heart failure

Malmrot, Gustav, Ulver, Erika January 2010 (has links)
As the occurrence of obesity increases amongst young people, so increases the risk of more people suffering from heart failure as early as during middle age. The aim is to describe the life experiences of middle aged persons living with chronic heart failure. The literature study is based on twelve published, qualitative, and scientifically proved articles derived from MedLine and Cinahl using queries representing the subject, as well as from manual searching in ScienceDirect and LIBRIS. These articles have been analyzed from a life world perspective. Four main themes and four sub themes were identified from the articles' results. The main themes are "The social life", "Quality of life", "Body failing", and "the Economical impact of chronic heart failure". These represent the main areas where the patients feel the greatest loss due to their condition. The discussion reveals the importance of informing the patients of the common prevalence of the feelings described in this study. Also, the nurse should function as a coach for self-care with continuous follow-ups. The result of this study will hopefully increase the understanding of the heart diseased patients' life situations. / I takt med att förekomsten av kraftig övervikt ökar bland unga, ökar även risken för att fler personer drabbas av hjärtsvikt redan i medelåldern. Syftet är att utifrån befintlig forskning beskriva medelålders personers upplevelser av hur det är att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt. Litteraturstudien baseras på 12 publicerade, kvalitativa och vetenskapliga artiklar efter sökning i MedLine och Cinahl med specifika sökord som representerade ämnet. Manuella sökningar utfördes i ScienceDirect och LIBRIS. Artiklarna har analyserats utifrån ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Ur artiklarnas resultat identifierades fyra teman och sex subteman. Huvudteman är ”Det sociala livet”, ”Livskvalitet”, ”Kroppen sviker” och ”Ekonomiska aspekter”. Huvudteman skildrar patienternas upplevdelser av att leva med kronisk hjärtsvikt. I diskussionen framkommer att det är viktigt för en patient med kronisk hjärtsvikt att få bekräftat att upplevda känslor är vanligt förekommande. Vidare bör sjuksköterskan fungera som en vägledare för egenvård med kontinuerliga uppföljningar. Förhoppningen är att resultatet från denna studie ska öka förståelsen för hjärtsjuka patienter inom ramen för hälso- och sjukvård.

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