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This thesis addresses the relationship between civil society and the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) within the frame of the Nordic Vision 2030 to become “the most integrated and sustainable region of the world”. It reviews civil society's role in Vision 2030's social sustainability objectives by focusing on integration and social challenge response. As the analysis discovers a dynamic of interdependence between Civil society and the Nordic Council of Ministers, it observes how the NCM attempts to encourage Civil Society action by promoting shared values of a collective “Nordic Identity” and inviting them into policy conversation. The results are drawn qualitatively from policy papers and audio-visual panel discussions of the NCM and Civil Society by following a mixed method of thematic and content analysis. This study concludes that civil society is value-driven and eager to engage in social challenges and participate in policy changes. However, decisions on integration policies are a matter of nations, not the NCM, despite the Nordic Cooperation, which limits their agency to include civil society in policy work. This study contributes to the awareness of civil society being a source of empirical best practices, which has the potential to influence integration policies sustainably.

In some cases, role stressors force members of the clergy to rely on social support to maintain themselves serving in ministry. In this study, the Job Demands and Resources (JD-R) model is applied to investigate the interaction between vocational demands (role stressors and occupational distress) and resources (social support) in predicting burnout and turnover intentions in Florida clergy. A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the buffering role of social support systems in mitigating turnover intentions and the overall impact on clergy burnout. The findings suggest that role overload, role conflict, and occupational distress are significantly related to burnout, with occupational distress exhibiting the strongest correlation. Supervisor support was found to moderate the relationship between role overload and burnout. The study highlights the complex dynamics between work-related stressors, support systems, and occupational well-being in the context of religious leadership and emphasizes the need for further research with larger sample size to confirm and expand upon these findings.

... for the phrase 'clergyman’s wife' has connotations which the phrase 'solicitor’s wife' or 'bank clerk's wife’ does not. The content of the meaning it conveys, is a stereotype picture of what the clergyman’s wife is like, and how her life is organised. The 'typical parson's wife’ is seen as someone who, on the one hand, opens bazaars and dispenses charity to the poor of the parish; and, on the other hand, as someone who visits the sick and bereaved and runs the Sunday School. The two elements in the stereotype are, in this study, characterised as the Lady of the Manor and the Unpaid Curate, and their origins are traced historically, as well as their contemporary relevance being examined through empirical study. ... But the interesting thing about the 'clergyman’s wife' is that it is a stereotype attributed in a sense vicariously; that is, a set of statements about a 'typical' person, attributed by virtue of someone else’s occupation. The clear implication is that, by marrying a clergyman, one automatically adopts a particular way of life and style of life, in a much more clearly defined sense than does a person who marries into almost any other occupational group.

This study deals only with the attitudes held by ministers who cooperate in the Baptist General Convention of Texas.

Le déclin de la responsabilité collective du gouvernement devant Parlement, est la situation à laquelle plusieurs pays pratiquant un régime parlementaire ont été contraints de faire face comme les expériences passées de la France, ainsi que de la Thaïlande, le prouvent. En effet, le contrôle parlementaire sur le gouvernement est bloqué par le fait majoritaire, si bien que le gouvernement peut difficilement perdre la confiance de l’Assemblée nationale. Cela ne fait qu’encourager la recherche de nouveaux moyens de contrôle et d’améliorer les instruments de contrôle de la responsabilité individuelle des membres du gouvernement sous diverses formes. Par exemple : le contrôle de la responsabilité individuelle des ministres par l’exécutif lui-même ; le déplacement de cette responsabilité devant le juge ; la revalorisation de la responsabilité politique individuelle des ministres devant le Parlement, ou bien encore une moralisation accrue de la vie politique et une amélioration de sa transparence. Les principaux instruments du contrôle de responsabilité individuelle des ministres en matière politique et pénale en Thaïlande et en France sont étudiés de manière comparative. L’étude comparée peut être utile afin d’adapter ces mécanismes aux conditions sociales et politiques de chaque pays. / The decline of the “parliamentary control on the collective responsibility of members of the Government” is the situation that many countries under the parliamentary regime often encounter in their practices including of France and Thailand. In fact, the parliamentary control on the collective responsibility is obstructed by the “majority rule”, for that reason, it is difficult that the Parliament has lost confidence in the Government. This situation leads to improvement in the mechanisms: the control on the individual responsibility of Ministers is, therefore, found in various forms For example the self-control of the executive, the displacement of the individual responsibility of Ministers to the court, the parliamentary control on the individual responsibility of Ministers, and the moralisation of politic and transparency of political life. The main instruments of control on the individual responsibility of Ministers in political and criminal fields in Thailand and France are comparatively studied so that each country can use and adapt the mechanisms to suit its own social and political conditions.

Is there a relationship between work role and information seeking behavior? Three behaviors were examined: choice of information channel, choice of method for information retrieval, and choice of method for storing retrieved information. The Protestant clergy was selected as a profession with clearly identified work roles, including preacher and administrator. Questionnaires were mailed to 150 randomly selected ministers in Tarrant County, Texas. Sixty-four responded. Additionally, fifteen ministers selected at random were interviewed for additional data. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed using nonparametric statistical techniques.

Two primary sources of data were utilized: official church records, and a questionnaire survey administered to a random sample of Anglo and African-American United Methodists in the North Texas area. Questions covered socio-demographic and theological matters as well as perceptions of racism in the church. Ministers and lay members were surveyed separately.

Australian Police Ministers and Commissioners occupy a pivotal position in the system of law enforcement. Collectively, they are responsible for the general policy, administration and operational direction and control of policing through the Australian States. There has been in the past twenty five years a growing complexity and a variety of problems facing police agencies which are arduous and demanding. Continuing social tension of recent years have given police ministers and commissioners higher public profiles than ever before. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the difficulties experienced between police ministers and commissioners in Queensland and New South Wales from 1970 to 1995. Three models have been developed as a framework to analyse the relationships and how they operate. The three models are called - 'Dependency', 'Independency' and 'Interdependency'. Twenty-one police ministers, commissioners and advisers from Queensland and New South Wales were interviewed during the course of the research. Five separate case studies were developed to analyse and interpret the relationships within the context of the three models. A summary chapter of additional research data provides supporting information which was used to substantiate the case study material. The conclusion argues that relationships operate more effectively when elements of the 'Interdependency' model exist. The need for further debate about the administrative, legal and management elements of the working relationship between a police minister and commissioner is essential to achieve a balance between policy, administration and operational requirements within a modern western democratic policing system.