This thesis analysis four different sides of policy-making on EU-level: the Cardiff process, the white paper “European transport policy for 2010: time to decide”, the sixth Environmental Action Programme and the Sustainable Development Strategy. In those documents measures proposed for the freight transport sector are identified and used for interviews with key persons at Schenker AG. The aim with the interviews was to examine how Schenker AG was affected and felt committed by the proposed political measures. Following the arguments above the thesis discusses the role of Schenker AG in a society characterized by ecological modernization.

This thesis is a study of the history of cultural events in Norrköping from the Agriculturemeetings in 1897until today’s sailfestival, Sail Norrköping. The purpose is to see how the events have effected Norrköping as an eventcity, but also to examine the purpose with a cultureevent. The essay also discusses modernisation’s impact on society. Modernisation’s importance for the events and how they’ve become tools to present what the modernisation brought with it to the society are discussed. / Uppsatsen är en studie av Norrköpings kulturevenemangshistoria från Lantbruksmötena på 1800-talet till Sail Norrköping idag. Den syftar till att se hur evenemangen påverkat Norrköping som evenemangsstad men även utreda syftet med ett kulturevenemang. Undersökningen diskuterar även moderniseringens betydelse och påverkan på samhället. Även moderniseringens betydelse för evenemangen och hur de blivit verktyg för presentation av det som moderniseringen förde med sig diskuteras.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire la situation actuelle de la langue iaai (langue océanienne, famille austronésienne) et de proposer une analyse de ses dynamismes d’évolution. En tant que langue kanak minoritaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie, inscrite dans un contexte de contact de langues intense avec le français, le iaai connait des changements importants tant linguistiques que sociolinguistiques. Cette thèse adopte un angle d’approche à la fois double et complémentaire. D’une part, il est question de proposer une évaluation de la vitalité sociolinguistique du iaai aujourd’hui en croisant différents facteurs relevant du contexte social et ethnolinguistique dont la variété des profils de locuteurs typiques des langues en danger. D’autre part, l’analyse porte sur les évolutions au sein même du fonctionnement du iaai en abordant trois thèmes particulièrement intéressants de cette langue : (i) les changements dans le système des classificateurs possessifs ; (ii) les stratégies de néologie et de modernisation du lexique ; (iii) le cas particulier des emprunts de verbes. L’étude de ces changements s’appuie les travaux de description du iaai de la linguiste Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) auxquels sont comparés des données modernes collectées lors de trois enquêtes de terrain menées à Ouvéa depuis 2009, ainsi que grâce à une collaboration soutenue avec une informatrice, locutrice native, à Lyon. Au final, ce travail de recherche met en exergue l’entrelacement de différentes dynamiques entre modernisation, obsolescence et résilience linguistique en iaai. / This PhD thesis describes the current situation of Iaai (an Oceanic language from the Austronesian family) and provides an analysis of its dynamics. As a minority Kanak language of New Caledonia, engaged in a process of intense contact with French, Iaai is experiencing significant changes both on a linguistic and sociolinguistic aspect. This thesis adopts an approach that is both dual and complementary. On the one hand, it offers an evaluation of modern Iaai’s sociolinguistic vitality, crossing different factors from the social and ethno-linguistic context together with the high variety of speakers, typical of endangered languages. On the other hand, the analysis focuses on language change by addressing three particularly interesting themes in Iaai: (i) evolution in the system of possessive classifiers; (ii) strategies of neology and of modernization of the lexicon; (iii) the particular case of verbal borrowings. The study of these changes is based on the linguistic description of Iaai made by Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) which is compared with modern data collected during three fieldworks conducted in Ouvea since 2009, as well as through sustained collaboration with a native speaker informant in Lyon. Finally, this research highlights the intertwining of different dynamics in Iaai between modernization, obsolescence and linguistic resilience.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ernesto Jorge Macaringue - 2018.pdf: 10591206 bytes, checksum: 155d697ab8c05cb367592808135b42c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Mozambican economy relying on donations, credits and foreign investment is contradictory, ambiguous and unstable. The State as the main political and territorial actor has been made concessions of the country’s natural resources without a minimum respect of its citizen’s autonomy. Taking in consideration the way the land is administered in Monapo district, there is reason to affirm the Government is careless about its citizen’s wellbeing. In the name of development efforts, the Government of Mozambique and bilateral partners take advantage of the most human sensitive aspects such as hunger, for instance, to force citizens to adopt suffocating lifestyles that has an effective connection with the global geopolitical system, faltering the self-determination of the citizens. Taking in account that the references for development are not static, the idea of development is very difficult to achieve in the modern complexity world societies in which Mozambique is present as periphery. The financial resources spent in the name of fighting hunger and modernisations are nothing more than manoeuvres and new strategies to subdue the citizens through financial capital. Entitled “Agriculture modernisation in Monapo district the geopolitics redefinition of the world agricultural frontier between 2004 and 2017”, this research discusses agricultural modernisation in Mozambique. As mentioned above, Mozambique still subjected to a situation of poverty. Due to the Government interventions, there is expropriation of country’s natural resources, mainly, the land belonging to peasants and there is no one who protects their rights. In 2009, forty countries that command the world-modern system or capitalist world economy trying to show “civility”, established an agreement that was unfolded in “New Alliance for Food and Nutrition Security for African countries”, in which Mozambique is contemplated. The research problem lies on the view that under the “hunger geopolitics”, development corridors, many of which were conceived during colonisation era, reappear as new opportunities and projects for agribusiness investments. The Monapo district, in Nampula, with other several districts of Nampula, Zambézia and Niassa, located in the Nacala corridor, are in the spot of foreign investors, who are looking for land for commodities production, as well as for conversion of peasant’s systems in production systems linked to agribusiness. The implementation of this project is coordinated by the Government of Mozambique with bilateral partners through the Triangular Cooperation Program between Brazil, Japan and Mozambique for the Development of Agriculture in the Tropical Savannas of Mozambique - ProSAVANA-JBM. Based on Critical Geography, this research discusses the territoriality of capital masked in technical assistance to overcome food insecurity. Under the territorial assumption that the territorial changes, taking place in the Nacala Corridor, afoot in a cross-linkage between the world, national and local scales are modifying community life relations and arising several issues involving land, work and modes of life, a set of methodological procedure were decisive for accomplishment of the research, namely: literature review, field work, interviews and workshops. / A economia moçambicana dependente de donativos, créditos e investimentos privados externos mostra-se contraditória, ambígua e em constante transformação. O Estado, ator e agente político territorial, concessiona os bens naturais que o país dispõe sem o mínimo respeito com a autodeterminação dos povos. Pelo que constatamos no distrito de Monapo, a forma como administra a terra, há razões para se afirmar que a administração se baseia no desprezo pelo povo. Em nome dos esforços de desenvolvimento, o Governo de Moçambique e seus parceiros bilaterais e multilaterais, se aproveitam dos aspetos mais sensíveis, como é a fome, por exemplo, para forçarem os povos a adotarem estilos de vida com ligação efetiva ao controle geopolítico mundial. A ideia de desenvolvimento, dado que as suas referências estão na verdade em um movimento, é muito difícil de se alcançar face à complexidade das sociedades mundiais em que Moçambique se encontra presente. Os “rios de dinheiro” que são gastos em nome de combate à fome e modernizações, não passam de manobras e novas estratégias de submissão dos povos para abrir as fronteiras de dominação através do capital financeiro. É justamente essa temática que é discutida nesta pesquisa, intitulada “Modernização da agricultura no distrito de Monapo em Moçambique no contexto de redefinição da geopolítica da fronteira agrícola mundial entre 2004 a 2017”. Tal como se contextualiza nas linhas acima transcritas, os povos de Moçambique estão submetidos a uma situação de pobreza. Em função das intervenções levadas a cabo pelo Governo, há expropriação dos bens naturais, em particular, da terra em posse dos camponeses. Não existem quem protege os seus direitos. Em 2009, quarenta países que comandam o sistema mundial-moderno (capitalismo) tentando mostrar o seu “civismo”, estabeleceram um acordo que se desdobrou em “Nova Aliança para a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional para países africanos”, no qual, Moçambique está contemplado. No âmbito da “geopolítica de fome” os corredores de desenvolvimento, boa parte deles concebidos durante a dominação estrangeira, ressurgem como novas oportunidades para investimentos do agronegócio. O distrito de Monapo, em Nampula, com outros distritos da mesma província de Nampula e de Zambézia e Niassa, inseridos no corredor de Nacala, estão no centro de atenção dos investidores estrangeiros, que procuram terra para produção de commodities, como também para conversão de sistemas de produção de autoconsumo dos camponeses em sistemas de produção vinculados ao agronegócio. A problemática da pesquisa reside nesse ponto. A concretização desse projeto é facilitada pelo Governo de Moçambique com seus parceiros bilaterais através do Programa de Cooperação Triangular entre Brasil, Japão e Moçambique para Desenvolvimento da Agricultura nas Savanas Tropicais de Moçambique – ProSAVANA-JBM. Dialogando com a Geografia Crítica discute-se a territorialidade do capital mascarado em assistência técnica para superação da insegurança alimentar. O pressuposto teórico que investiga o objeto em questão se situa assim: as mudanças territoriais em curso no Corredor de Nacala ocorrem num entrecruzamento entre as escalas mundiais, nacionais e locais reconstituindo as relações de vida das comunidades e instaurando conteúdos problemáticos envolvendo terra, trabalho e modos de vida. Um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos foram decisivos para a realização da pesquisa, a saber: levantamento bibliográfico; leitura documental; trabalhos de campo; entrevistas; observação; realização de seminários.

Background: During the last decade or so the century old bespoke tailors on Savile Row have become the epitome of luxury brands as far as menswear is concerned. At the same time, the different establishments on Savile Row have started to modernise themselves through various means to better fit into today’s fast paced retail-market. Aims of the research: The purpose of this research is to discover what factors have played part in keeping the founders of Savile Row, Henry Poole & Co., modern and relevant throughout the years. Methods: This research was conducted as a qualitative single case, case study. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with upper management and other available published sources and then analysed with the help of former research in relevant areas. Results: It was found that the brand of Henry Poole & Co. stayed true to their origins as a bespoke tailor and that modernising is something that has not been forced upon the company and brand but should more be seen as a continuous process where each new generation bring something new to the company. The company had adapted modern ways of communication such as social media and a responsive website and also incorporated step down line extensions, where they sell ready-to-wear and made-to-measure garments in China and Japan. This is a way to develop their brand into other segments but they still kept their original brand vision intact as being a pure bespoke tailor located on Savile Row and kept their different business operations on a distance. Contributions: This thesis has opened up doors to an area that has not had much interest from the academic world. It hopefully gives way for new research ideas, but it has also highlighted management tools and best practices that has contributed to the success of a more than two century old company.

The thesis tries to process a topic of bodybuilding phenomenon in the wider context of the ideal body formation in modern age. Bodybuilding is understood as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon closely tied to a modern society and its historical development. Beyond the bodybuilding the work also deals with an analysis of the contemporary social body theory with focus on the domestic discourse and subsequently also with an analysis of discursive formation modern physicality from the Enlightenment till the 20th century. The main focus is put on the understanding of changes characteristic for the modern society in context of the modernisation project continuity. The objective is to describe a history of bodybuilding within the outlined process of modernization, as well as to compare various alternative conception of the ideal of physicality in the "Fordism Modernity", where a special attention is focused on the analysis of bio political discourse in Communist dictatorship. The remaining part processes a historical development of the bodybuilding movement in Czechoslovakia, where the main emphasis is put on placing the Czechoslovakia bodybuilding into the postulated concept, including individual historical events. Key words: Social history; Bodybuilding; Social Theory; History of the Body; Subculture;...

Dans l’histoire de la République de Chine, Tsiang Tingfu était un historien et un critique politique, en même temps, il était un politicien représentatif dans la grande vague des « experts en politique ». Ce mémoire se concentre sur sa pensée et ses expériences dans la première moitié de sa vie. Pendant cette période, Tsiang a présenté les caractères de la maturité et l’activité dans sa pensée. En particulier, dans les années de 1930, il a déjà préconisé la pensée la plus importante qui a provoqué un gros débat entre les intellectuels chinois. Au travers des expériences de Tsiang de suivre les études, on fait ressortir que la culture traditionnelle chinoise et la nouvelle éducation occidentale ont conjointement influencé sa pensée. Dans ce mémoire, on analyse ses opinions et ses pratiques en politique et trouve que les noyaux de sa pensée consistent au nationalisme et à son intention de la modernisation chinoise. Au fur et à mesure de l’aggravation de l’invasion japonaise en Chine, la sauvegarde de la nation a occupé la position centrale dans ses opinions, et sa pensée a été devenue conservatrice. En 1935, stimulé par son sens de responsabilité comme un intellectuel, Tsiang a participé au gouvernement nationaliste chinois et a servi ce régime jusqu’à sa retraite. / Tsiang Tingfu was a historian and political critic. In the history of the Republic of China, he was also a representative politician in the wave of "scholar-bureaucrat". This thesis focuses on his thoughts and his experiences in the first half of his life when Tsiang exhibited characteristics of maturity and activity in his thinking. In particular, in the 1930s, as one of the leaders of the public opinion in China, he had advocated most of his important thoughts which triggered a heated discussion among the Chinese intellectuals. Through investigating each step in his educational career, we come to the conclusion that both the Chinese traditional culture and the Western education had shaped his later political and social thinking. By examining his principle political thoughts and his social practices, it is also found that the core of his thoughts lies in the nationalism and his intention of Chinese modernization. As the Japanese invasion intensified in China, saving the nation became his superior value and his thought therefore turned to the conservative. In 1935, prompted by the sense of responsibility as an intellectual, Tsiang participated in the Nationalist government and had served it until his retirement.

A partir d’une conception cartésienne de la langue, Durkheim (et les durkheimiens) ont construit une doxa politique socio-centrée dont on a pu mesurer les profonds effets dans l’enseignement : œuvre de Paul Lapie, succès des EPS, unité sociale rêvée. Cette sociologie éducative a permis entre autres le développement de l’écriture d’un français simple et commun, enté sur un respect scrupuleux de l’orthographe grammaticale mais ce « français élémentaire » a fait - à terme- disparaître l’idée de littérature « transcendante » ou « sacrée » au profit d’un travail artisanal sur la langue. De cette évolution provient la crise de la littérature décrite par Jean-Paul Sartre. Or, puisque toute relation humaine (éducative) doit être fondée sur une conscience morale individuelle elle-même en rapport par l’énonciation avec l’existence d’une « conscience collective » au sens durkheimien (ou d’une langue infrastructurelle au sens saussurien) qui permette de justifier le langage utilisé, la synthèse proposée par Emile Benveniste entre Meillet et Saussure a permis de constater dans l’enseignement, et ce malgré les tentatives répétées de modernisation, la persistance de modèles anciens de la grammaire scolaire dont l’idée principale et vitale pour la démocratie est de maintenir à tout prix l’étude des termes essentiels de la proposition issue de Port Royal et donc l’effet (idéologique) élémentaire : celui d’être un sujet auteur et responsable de ses actes et de ses paroles. / From a cartesian conception of language, Durkheim (and the durkheimians) have built a socially centered political « doxa » of which the deep effects have been measured in education : Paul Lapie’s work, the success of the EPS ( Superior Primary School) the dream of social unity. This educational sociology allowed, amongs other things, the devopment of a simple and common written french, based on a scrupulous respect of grammatical orthography but this “elementary French” has caused - ultimately- the disappearance of the idea of a“sacred” or “transcendent” literature in favor of an artisanal work on the language. The literature crisis described by Jean-Paul Sartre came from this evolution. Though, since every human (educative) relationship must be based on an individual moral consciousness, also connected by the “énonciation” with the collective consciousness (Durkheim) or the infrastructural language (Saussure) in order to justify the language used, the Benveniste’s synthesis of Meillet and Saussure allowed to verify in education, despite repeated attempts of modernization, the persistence of old shool grammar’s former patterns which the main and essential idea ( for democracy) is to keep at any costs the study of the clause’s principal terms from Port Royal thus the elementary and ideological effect to be a subject, author and responsible of his acts and words. / Partendo da una concezione cartesiana della lingua, Durkheim (e i durkheimiani) hanno costruito un pensiero politico centrato sul sociale e del quale si è potuto valutare i profondi risultati nell’insegnamento : opera di Paul Lapie, successo delle EPS (Scuole Primarie Superiore) , unità sociale ideale. Questa sociologia educativa ha permesso, tra le altre cose, che si sviluppasse lo scritto di un francese semplice e comune basato su un rispetto scrupoloso dell’ ortografia grammaticale. Ma questo francese elementare ha fatto - in fine - sparire l’idea di letteratura « transcendente » o « sacra » al vantaggio di un lavoro artigianale sulla lingua. Da questa evoluzione proviene la crisi della letteratura descritta da Jean-paul Sartre. Ora poiché ogni relazione umana (educativa) deve essere basata su una coscienza morale individuale, lei stessa legata dall’ « enunciazione » con l’esistenza di una « coscienza colettiva » nel senso durkheimiano (o di una lingua infrastrutturale nel senso saussuriano) che permetta di giustificare il linguaggio utilizzato : la sintesi proposta da Emile Benveniste tra Meillet e Saussure ha permesso di constatare nell’insegnamento - nonostante i ripetuti tentativi di ammodernamento - la permanenza degli antichi modelli della grammatica scolastica dei quali l’idea principale – e vitale per la democrazia – è di mantenere ad ogni costo lo studio delle parti essenziali della proposizione (venuta da Port Royal) e dunque l’effetto (ideologico) elementare : quello di essere un soggetto autore e responsabile dei sui atti e delle sue parole.

Le transport de marchandises par mer constitue de nos jours un pilier du commerce international et l’un des principaux moteurs de la mondialisation. De ce fait, le droit du transport maritime de marchandises, en tant qu’élément déclencheur du droit maritime, reste toujours la discipline essentielle dans ce domaine. En raison du développement de la technologie de construction des navires et des modifications des modalités de l’exploitation maritime, les normes en vigueur, relatives au transport maritime, se trouvent confrontées aux changements évolutifs dans la pratique. Tout spécifiquement, en raison de l’absence d’une tradition à ce propos, le droit chinois s’est inspiré inévitablement des normes internationales, quant à son développement. À l’heure actuelle, la question qui se pose ici est de savoir s’il convient d’introduire de nouveaux instruments, et en particulier les Règles de Rotterdam, dans le processus de modernisation du droit positif chinois ? L’étude menée vise à présenter quelques avis de recommandation, proposés pour la réforme du droit chinois du transport maritime de marchandises, vis-à-vis les Règles de Rotterdam. Dans le cadre d’une économie mondialisée, la modernisation du droit positif chinois, et surtout en matière maritime, devrait se développer dans les directions suivantes : d’une part la participation et l’intégration au système international, et de l’autre la reconnaissance de sa particularité au sein de la législation / The carriage of goods by sea constitutes at present time a pillar of international trade and one of the principal engines for the globalization. For this reason, the law of the carriage of goods by sea, being as the primary trigger for the maritime law, remains always its essential position in this domain. Due to the technological progress in the construction of the vessels and to the changes of the operational mode of maritime exploitation, the relevant laws in force are confronted with progressive transformation in practice. Particularly in relation to the Chinese maritime law, because of absence of the tradition in this regard, it has been inspired inevitably by the international norms, with respect to its development. At the current time, the question here is whether to introduce some new instruments, and in particular the Rotterdam Rules, in the process of modernization of Chinese positive law ? The present research is intended to provide some recommendation notices, proposed for the reform of the Chinese law of carriage of goods by sea, vis-à-vis the Rotterdam Rules. In the context of a worldwide economy, the modernization of the Chinese positive law, and especially in terms of maritime law, should be deployed with the following sprits: the participation and the integration to the international system on the one hand, and the recognition of its particularities in the course of the legislation on the other hand

Comment un parti de gouvernement, comme l’UMP, qui se revendique comme moderne, professionnalisé et désidéologisé, parvient-il à mobiliser à grande échelle ? Au croisement d’une sociologie des partis et des mobilisations politiques, cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude de la genèse et des effets de la campagne de recrutement menée par la direction sarkozyste de l’UMP de 2004 à 2008, qui a fait usage d’une rhétorique modernisatrice et de pratiques managériales. Elle montre que la « modernisation managériale », en tant qu’idéologie institutionnelle, a constitué un ressort essentiel de cette mobilisation. Ce résultat ne peut se comprendre indépendamment de la sociographie des « nouveaux adhérents », qui, comparés aux membres de formations fondatrices de l’UMP appartiennent davantage aux milieux entrepreneuriaux. L’engagement de ces nouveaux entrants à l’identité et aux attentes distinctes a suscité une résistance infrapolitique de la part des anciens et a eu des effets paradoxaux sur l’institution (conflictualisation des relations internes, réactivation des identités gaullistes et libérales et idéologisation des membres). Au niveau théorique, ce travail plaide pour l’usage d’une approche culturelle des institutions partisanes qui apparaît paradoxalement la plus à même de rendre compte des logiques qui conduisent certains partis de gouvernement à apparaître de plus en plus comme des entreprises rationnelles. / How does a party of government, such as the UMP, which defines itself as modern, professionalized and without ideology, achieve to mobilize widely? At the intersection of a sociology of parties and political mobilization, this study is dedicated to the analysis of the genesis and the effects of the campaign of recruitment which was introduced by Sarkozy’s direction at the UMP from 2004 to 2008 and used a rhetoric of modernity and managerial tools. It shows that the “managerial modernization”, as an institutional ideology, was an essential condition for this mobilization. This result cannot be understood independently to a sociography of the “new” members, who, compared to the members of the former right parties, belong to entrepreneurial groups. The commitment of these new members, whose identity and expectation differ from the members of former parties, caused an infrapolitical resistance of these ones and had paradoxical effects on the institution (an increase of internal tensions, a reactivation of the gaullist and liberal identity and a renewal of member’s ideology). At a theoretical level, this study pleads for a cultural approach of partisan institutions which is paradoxically able to explain the logics that lead parties of government to appear as rational enterprises. Keywords: political parties, mobilization, UMP, commitment, activism, organizational modernization, management, ideology, culture, identity.