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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
provided by the
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 11 to 12 of 12 (0.034 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"monarchies"" "subject:"monarchiens""
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Entre rois et cités : loyauté et pouvoir au sein des interactions sociopolitiques, diplomatiques et idéologiques durant la haute époque hellénistique (323-188 a.C.)Lamarre-Bolduc, Emilie 23 May 2019 (has links)
Le démantèlement de l’empire d’Alexandre le Grand et les nombreux conflits militaires menés par ses principaux généraux, les Diadoques, annoncèrent la formation de nouvelles puissances suprapoliades, celles des dynasties hellénistiques. Bien que certaines cités grecques conservassent leur indépendance, plusieurs d’entre elles glissèrent, de gré ou de force, dans ce nouveau cadre multipolaire et antagoniste. Les possessions territoriales des autorités royales variaient cependant selon les aléas des victoires et des défaites des Diadoques et de leurs successeurs, qui parvinrent seulement à y établir une domination précaire. Cette effervescence géopolitique agita tout particulièrement le bassin égéen et le territoire anatolien qui, convoités pour leurs ressources et leur position stratégique, devinrent un espace de compétition et une zone de contact des principales dynasties hellénistiques. La présence et la rivalité de plusieurs entités monarchiques sur le territoire anatolien caractérisa les échanges diplomatiques entre les communautés civiques et les souverains. Soucieux de gagner le soutien des cités, les rois instrumentalisèrent un discours émancipateur qui, en contrepartie, en appelait au dialogue évergétique grâce auquel les cités négocièrent des privilèges relatifs à leur autonomie et à leur liberté. Ce jeu de pouvoir fragilisait l’autorité royale et suscitait de rapides changements d’allégeance de la part des cités. Un regard sur la documentation officielle, lettres royales et décrets honorifiques, permet de mettre en lumière un dialogue politique, diplomatique et idéologique par le biais duquel se distinguaient les idéaux et les intérêts de chacun des partis. Ce mémoire vise ainsi à déterminer, en regard de divers facteurs idéologiques, sociopolitiques ou économiques, comment se justifiaient les allégeances des cités grecques durant la haute époque hellénistique, ce qui constituait un enjeu important pour les souverains.
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A Pragmatic Standard of Legal ValidityTyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links)
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.
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