Global ETD Search

101	Social and Non-Social Reward Processing in Autism and Autistic Traits Matyjek, Magdalena 18 March 2022 (has links) Belohnungen sind im Leben des Menschen von enormer Bedeutung. Es wurde vermutet, dass die zentralen sozialen Schwierigkeiten bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) auf eine verminderte Reaktionsfähigkeit auf spezifische soziale Belohnungen zurückzuführen sein könnten. Die Literatur zu diesem Thema ist jedoch nicht schlüssig. Diese Dissertation umfasst vier Studien, die die Reaktionsfähigkeit auf soziale und nicht-soziale Belohnungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von ASS und autistischen Merkmalen untersuchen. In den Studien 1 und 2 wurden neuronale (ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale), autonome (Pupillengröße) und verhaltensbezogene (Selbstberichte und Reaktionszeiten) Indizes der Reaktion auf soziale und nicht-soziale Belohnungen bei Personen mit ASC sowie mit ausgeprägten und geringen autistischen Merkmalen untersucht. Wir stellten fest, dass ein höheres Maß an autistischen Merkmalen bei klinischen ASS und in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einer verstärkten neuronalen und autonomen Verarbeitung, typischen Leistungen und einer geringeren selbstberichteten Belohnungssensitivität verbunden war. Studie 3 untersuchte die Auswirkungen von sozialer Vertrautheit und Belohnungskontext auf die Pupillenreaktionen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Belohnungswert eines positiven Reizes bei vertrauten Gesichtern höher ist und von der Assoziation zwischen Handlung und Ergebnis abhängt. Studie 4 ist eine theoretische Perspektive zum Verständnis der Multidimensionalität von Belohnungen und zum Umgang damit. In allen Studien konnte ich nachweisen, dass das Belohnungsverhalten von ASS vielfältig und atypisch, aber nicht defizitär ist. Außerdem schlage ich eine Definition von Belohnung vor, die sie von einem rein positiven Stimulus unterscheidet. Schließlich erörtere ich diese Arbeit im breiteren Rahmen der sozialneuropsychologischen Forschung und zeige Möglichkeiten auf, wie sie in künftigen Studien weiter verbessert werden kann. / Rewards are immensely important in human lives. It has been suggested that the core social difficulties in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) may stem from lowered responsiveness to specifically social rewards. However, the literature on this topic is inconclusive. This dissertation includes four studies investigating reward responsiveness to social and non-social rewards with particular focus on ASC and autistic traits. Studies 1 and 2 investigated neuronal (event-related potentials), autonomic (pupil sizes) and behavioural (self-reports and reaction times) indexes of responsiveness to social and non-social rewards in individuals with ASC, and with high and low autistic traits. We observed that higher levels of autistic traits in clinical ASC and in the general population were linked to enhanced neuronal and autonomic processing, typical performance, and decreased self-reported reward sensitivity. Study 3 investigated the effects of social familiarity and rewarding context on pupillary responses. The results indicated that the reward value of a positive stimulus is higher for more familiar faces and depends on action-outcome associations. Study 4 is a theoretical perspective on understanding and working with multidimensionality of rewards. Across all studies, I provide evidence for multifaceted and atypical, but not deficient, reward responsiveness in ASC. Further, I propose a definition of reward which differentiates it from a merely positive stimulus. Finally, I discuss this work in the broader framework of social neuropsychology research and identify the ways in which it can be further improved in future studies. Belohnung Belohnungsempfänglichkeit Autismus autistische Züge Theorie der sozialen Motivation Neuropsychologie ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale Pupillometrie reward reward responsiveness autism autistic traits social motivation theory neuropsychology event-related potentials pupillometry 150 Psychologie CU 4200 CP 3100 CV 4700 CZ 1350 ddc:150
102	Combining approach-gain and avoid-loss frames increases message effectiveness Solloway, Tyler January 2014 (has links) No description available. Communication Marketing gain loss framing approach-gain avoid-loss regulatory focus theory dual motivation theory decision field theory arousal attention to messages message effectiveness sensation seeking prosocial messaging public service announcements
103	Experience of secondary schools management teams on teamwork in Tshwane North District schools Phalane, Margareth Mokgohlwe 11 1900 (has links) Democracy in South Africa, among others, has brought a significant number of changes in the education system, including the concept of school management team in schools (SMT). In line with this, the objective of this study was to find out how SMTs experience teamwork in schools; and was conducted in the purposefully sampled six secondary schools in the Tshwane North District. This study was framed within the interpretive approach, and sought to unpack the experience of SMT members with regard to teamwork. An interpretive paradigm made it possible for me to gain an in-depth understanding of SMT member‟s experience of teamwork within their school contexts. I used interviews and questionnaires as research tools to gather data. This study has found that, although the concept of teamwork is well-received, there are significant obstacles to the implementation of teamwork as an alternative form of management. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management) School management teams Teamwork theories Achievement motivation theory Transformational leadership Decision-making power Challenges of teamwork Teamwork Perceptions of teamwork School performance Benefits of teamwork 373.12070968227
104	Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change: How Risk Influences Decision-Making Araujo, Brandon 01 January 2017 (has links) Climate change is currently threatening the livelihoods of farmers in developing countries. Psychological models have been developed to identify factors associated with adapting to climate change; however, little work has investigated the role of farmers’ risk attitudes in these models. We assessed perceptions of adaptation cost and adaptation intentions for five drought- specific adaptive behaviors among 550 farmers from 12 villages in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, as well as their attitudes toward risk. Results suggest that perceived adaptation cost and risk attitude are negatively associated with adaptation intentions. The conditional effect of adaptation cost on adaptation intention as a function of risk attitude was also investigated. Results showed that only farmers with risk averse attitudes were impacted by their perceptions of adaptation costs. These findings have implications for those interested in increasing adaptive practices of farmers in developing countries who face increasingly scarce water supplies. Thesis University of North Florida UNF climate change agricultural adaptation risk drought protection motivation theory decision-making Social Psychology Sustainability Water Resource Management
105	數位遊戲之行動載具使用者行為與開發分析─以智慧型手機為例 / Mobile device game player behaviors and games development analysis - using smartphone as an example 林姿旻, Tzu-Min Lin Unknown Date (has links) 數位遊戲已成為探討現代生活科技中一項重要的領域。智慧型手機，為近兩年興起的行動平台載具，根據資策會資料顯示，在手機進行娛樂活動應用程式的排行，第一為聽音樂，第二即為進行遊戲。觀察智慧型手機上的應用程式市集(如：android market、app store)，使用者可以快速方便的利用網路下載遊戲，在眾多遊戲中，使用者選擇何種類型遊戲下載並進行遊戲，對遊戲開發商非常重要。在智慧型手機上結合許多科技技術(如：無線網路、各式感測器......等)，皆有可能影響使用者進行遊戲和選擇遊戲的動機。因此，了解並且針對使用者需求與使用者行為設計遊戲，在數位內容領域進行數位遊戲研究與開發是重要的議題。為了解使用者在智慧型手機上進行遊戲的動機，本研究使用科技接受模型和動機理論探討使用者的內在動機和外在動機，透過問卷分析初步了解使用者在智慧型手機上進行遊戲的原因，以及在智慧型手機上擷取使用者在手機上進行遊戲的行為和訪談使用者進行遊戲的因子，將兩資料進行比對驗證，找出使用者在智慧型手機上進行遊戲的模型，以及外在和內在動機之相互影響，作為未來規劃與策略發展方向的參考依據。根據資料分析發現，使用者進行遊戲的動機會受到遊戲的操作性和在遊戲中得到的樂趣影響。並且使用者會因為他人推薦或看到他人進行遊戲，影響到使用者進行遊戲的意願，而使用者在進行遊戲時，遊戲中提供與他人互動的功能也能激發使用者進行遊戲。此外，在智慧型手機遊戲情境中，使用者會受到外在動機影響，改變本身對遊戲的觀點，影響到使用者的內在動機，進而改變使用者對遊戲的意願。 / Digital games have become an important domain of exploration the technology of modern life. The smartphone which is a mobile device rises due two years. Follow the MIC data of entertainment applications on mobile phone rank, the first is listening music and the second is playing games. User can easy download games quickly by wireless from application market like Android market or app store. It is important for game developers to know which game user chooses and downloads in large games. The smartphone combine different technology and sensors that may influence user’s motivations to choose games and play games. Therefore, to understand user’s need and user’s behavior for game design which is important discuss for digital game study and developer of digital content domain. To understand the motivations of user playing games on the smartphone, so this study uses technology acceptance model (TAM) to explore intrinsic motivations and extrinsic motivations of playing game. Through questionnaire to find the factors that user plays games on smartphone, and we also collect users’ behavior from smartphone and interview users. The study combines these data to find the model of user playing game on the smartphone, and the relationship between intrinsic motivations and extrinsic motivations. The study finds that perceived ease of use and the fun in games effect user’s motivation. The user intention influenced by people who around user and also affected in the game which provide user to interact with others. By the way, user’s extrinsic motivations affect intrinsic motivations on smartphone context, and change the mind of playing games. 行動遊戲動機理論科技接受模型主觀規範社會互動認知娛樂性 mobile game motivation theory technology acceptance model (TAM) subject norm social interaction perceived playfulness
106	Experience of secondary schools management teams on teamwork in Tshwane North District schools Phalane, Margareth Mokgohlwe 11 1900 (has links) Democracy in South Africa, among others, has brought a significant number of changes in the education system, including the concept of school management team in schools (SMT). In line with this, the objective of this study was to find out how SMTs experience teamwork in schools; and was conducted in the purposefully sampled six secondary schools in the Tshwane North District. This study was framed within the interpretive approach, and sought to unpack the experience of SMT members with regard to teamwork. An interpretive paradigm made it possible for me to gain an in-depth understanding of SMT member‟s experience of teamwork within their school contexts. I used interviews and questionnaires as research tools to gather data. This study has found that, although the concept of teamwork is well-received, there are significant obstacles to the implementation of teamwork as an alternative form of management. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management) School management teams Teamwork theories Achievement motivation theory Transformational leadership Decision-making power Challenges of teamwork Teamwork Perceptions of teamwork School performance Benefits of teamwork 373.12070968227
107	Zhodnocení finanční náročnosti motivačního programu ve vybraném podniku / Evaluation of the financial demands of motivation program in a chosen company VLASÁKOVÁ, Václava January 2013 (has links) The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the financial demands of actual motivation program in a chosen company, to analyze it, compare and to describe the development of benefits provided by the company in the course of time in the terms of costs. Next was to find and identify linkages and connections between employee benefits and economic variables of the company and to describe their potential interactions. It was proved that the actual motivational program is very financially demanding for the company considering the deteriorating economic results in last years. It was suggested that if this economy trend continues, it would be better to lower the amount of provided benefits despite their undeniable stabilization effect. It was proved that the company is orientated to tax and insurance advantaged benefits. This can bring the savings in the field of labor costs, on the other hand the increase of additional costs which come from unclear tax system. It showed, that the benefits as well as the wages adapt to economic reality very slowly and also their structure changed according to economic results, from benefits orientated to consumption during economically successful years to the long term responsible benefits during the years of economic decline.
108	Understanding Informational Privacy Through User Interfaces in Web Applications / Informationsintegritet och hur den uppfattas genom gränssnittet i webbapplikationer Spence, Annalisa, Svensson, Mimmi January 2023 (has links) This paper critically examines users' perceptions of privacy and security in web applications,emphasizing interface design. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative data grounded inCPM and PMT theories, our research addresses Internet users' concerns regarding onlineprivacy and security. Employing triangulation analysis on survey responses and web-basedobservations, our findings reveal a strong association between users' trust in web applicationsand their visual elements. By providing visual examples of current design practices in oursurvey, we discover some important aspects of effective interface designs. Utilizing IUIPCtheory, we identify how web application interfaces influence users' privacy management,impacting their trust and usage decisions. Notably, some users are subtly prompted to grantpermissions or share personal information through deliberate exclusion of options in thedesign of certain web applications. The approach of this study encourages a criticalperspective on privacy and integrity issues in online settings. Privacy Information Interface Design Web Applications Communication Privacy Management Protection Motivation Theory Integrity HCI Privacy Concerns Quantitative Human Aspects of ICT Mänsklig interaktion med IKT Human Computer Interaction Media and Communication Technology Medieteknik Interaction Technologies Interaktionsteknik Information Systems
109	Encouraging volunteer engagement for Human Rights : a case study of International Justice Mission Germany Johnson, Michéle 11 1900 (has links) Inequality of power between the global North and the global South are negative aspects of globalisation, leading to increasing inequalities, disregard of human rights and impeding human development. Voluntary work is considered to play an important role in the local and global enforcement of human rights. This dissertation focuses on the importance of voluntary civic engagement in the social justice sector. An empirical study was carried out on the basis of qualitative research among German volunteers of the human rights NGO International Justic Mission (IJM) Deutschland in order to identify motivating factors that contribute to civic engagement. Social justice, the concept of IJM and faith were identified as most important motives. The opportunity of flexible, self-determined involvement and the provision of good support foster volunteer engagement. The study helps human rights NGOs to gain a deeper understanding of how volunteering for human rights can be encouraged. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies) Justice Human rights Modern slavery Human trafficking Voluntary commitment Volunteers Motivation IJM Functional motivation theory Human rights-based approach 361.370743 Human rights -- Germany -- Case studies Slavery -- Germany -- Case studies Volunteers -- Germany -- Case studies
110	An active chain process of self-leadership : Dynamically practising self-leading strategies for sustainability Amilon, Mia, Nguyen, Stephanie January 2022 (has links) Title: An active chain process of self-leadership: Dynamically practising self-leading strategies for sustainability. Keywords: Active and dynamic, Chain process of self-leadership, Self-leadership strategies Background: Sustainability is important and of current interest, requiring all organisations to be well-functioning, committed to sustainability and create strategic decisions for their long-term sustainability. Organisations thence benefit from training the employees into self-leaders, as it results in beneficial outcomes that lead to greatness within organisations, and hence society at large. Research question: Why do individuals succeed in maintaining and practising an active chain process of self-leadership? Purpose: This study aims to understand why individuals sustain maintaining an active chain process of self-leadership by dynamically practising self-leadership strategies, where they continue to be self-aware, manage and lead themselves, practice self-leadership strategies, attain self-efficacy and achieve beneficial outputs that in extension contribute to a more efficient and long-term sustainable society. To better understand what activates the chain process of self-leadership and creates the dynamic, the authors have developed a summarising model (see model 5.1 in chapter 5). Method: The study is of qualitative character with an abductive research approach, where the empirical data have been collected through semi-structured interviews and a collective case study design with ten informants who practise self-leadership, and then analysed by the Gioia method. Findings: The chain process of self-leadership is holistic and what maintains it active are feelings of well-being, competence, and efficacy, as well as succeeding, contributing to a greater good and seeing things in a greater context. Of significance is to be reminded and followed up regularly. Paper type: Master thesis Leadership self-leadership personality traits dynamic active chain process self-leadership strategies strategies strategy education chain process self-awareness self-management self-efficacy outputs outcome sustainability innovation work performance self-leading awareness thriving health mindfulness social cognitive theory self-regulation theory self-control theory intrinsic motivation theory Självledarskap ledarskap ledare självledarskapsstrategi strategi aktiv dynamisk process kedjeprocess personlighet egenskap Work Sciences Arbetslivsstudier Business Administration Företagsekonomi Economics Nationalekonomi

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