The purpose of this essay is to examine the scientific relations between Sweden and America, later USA, through the letter correspondence between Nils Collin and his fellow “scientists” in Sweden and America between 1770–1830. By examining the letters though three different theoretical lenses: Scientific persona, gift exchange and the geography of knowledge with the concepts of centers and peripheries, the inquiry shows us how the scientific relations between the two countries developed and changed during the investigated time period, thus adapting themselves to the political developments that created an international scientific arena instead of the earlier nation neutrality. The letter correspondence reflects the increase in communication between Swedish scientists and American scientists as well as between Swedish institutions such as The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and The American Philosophical Society with Nils Collin as their main go-between. The letters indicate that Nils Collin’s role within the communication network changed with time and that he became an enabler of knowledge circulation between Sweden and the US though his position and many contacts. Lastly, by examining the letters, we can see how the increased communication as well as Nils Collin’s changing role plays part in the American scientific and national development that ultimately changed the earlier ideas of centers and peripheries of knowledge.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att synliggöra underliggande ekokritiska teman i Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige och att undersöka människans relation till naturen med hjälp av verket. Uppsatsen använder sig av teori från ekokritik och djurstudier och undersöker frågeställningar grundade efter dessa fält, nämligen: hur gestaltas naturen i Nils Holgersson, hur gestaltas människorna i Nils Holgersson, hur gestaltas djuren i Nils Holgersson och hur gestaltas relationerna mellan människa, djur och natur? För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna utför jag en tematisk läsning av verket och analyserar den med hjälp av ekokritiska begrepp och termer samt tidigare forskning kopplat till både Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige och ekokritik. Mina analyser tyder på att även om geografin skulle vara central i boken så har Lagerlöfs val att inkludera moralhistoria satt sina spår i gestaltningen av människa, djur och natur till en mer antropocentrisk världsbild. Naturen i Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige beskrivs oftast med ett instrumentellt värde, det vill säga antropocentriskt. Människorna gestaltas som en konstant motpol till och i konflikt med djuren, men framhålls i slutändan som något åtråvärt för Nils Holgersson. Djuren beskrivs oftast med mänskliga drag där gränsen mellan människa och djur oftast suddas ut, och de beskrivs oftast med antropomorfiska drag, likt fabler. Relationen mellan människa, djur och natur är konfliktfylld där såväl djur som människa försöker utnyttja naturen, men där människan alltid har det minst ekocentriskt överstämmande handlingsättet. Nils Holgersson som karaktär kan till stor del beskrivas som antropocentrisk men verket som helhet kan i slutändan ses somen lära i ekocentrism, och därmed har verket en fortsatt viktig roll för forskning inom ekokritik ochdjurstudier / <p></p><p></p>

The purpose with this essay has been to analyze and discuss how Nils Quensel in conjunction with the Kejne-affair was portrayed in Swedish newspaper articles during the 1950’s, and also to show how the heteronorm is expressed in the articles' portrayals of Quensel. The essay has used a qualitative text analysis as a method. The essay is also based on queer theory with a focus on the concept of heteronormativity. The essay's questions dealt with how Quensel is portrayed in the newspapers and how the heteronorm is expressed. The second question was about how the papers differ in how they have written about Quensel. This essay has shown that there are differences and also similarities when it comes to how a person can be portrayed in newspapers with different political orientations, and also how big a role the media, in this case the Swedish press, play and have played in society. Generalizations are made based on how a newspaper chooses to portray a person and which also affects the public and society's norms, which in turn affects how people see themselves and others. This essay has also shown the importance of source criticism as the essay is a living example of how false accusations can have major consequences not only for the affected person but also for other people in the society. Telling and teaching younger children early how the media works and what consequences the media can have on people is therefore of great relevance.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how news journalism represented the two swedish journalists Kim Wall and Nils Horner, when describing their posthumous reputation after they were murdered during assignments. The research questions examined were: How does the journalism, in describing their posthumous reputations, portray the story of Kim Wall, and Nils Horner? What differences and similarities can be found in how they are portrayed as journalists, and as victims? We used Faircloughs critical discourse analysis (CDA) to find reoccurring discourses in the description of Horner and Wall. By examining the characteristics they were assigned and what conclusions the audience were offered to draw about their journalistic competence and about them as victims of murder, we found many similarities between Horner and Wall. They are both described as exceptionally competent. They are also portrayed as born with a “calling” towards the journalistic profession, and in both cases, they are ascribed with next to supernatural characteristics. As victims of murder we found them to be portrayed as idealistic, with some variations in relation to the description of the content of their character, and where the murder took place. Our study shows that the discourses we found contribute to the creation of heroic myths in the news journalisms description of them. They are elevated, and our conclusion is that by elevating their murdered colleagues as heroes, the news journalists are also elevating themselves and, in turn, the journalistic profession.

This thesis will explore and compare two artists who at first meeting seem to have very littlein common more than being two modernist artists. The Swedish artist Nils Dardel and theMexican artist Frida Kahlo, even though the obvious differences — sex and nationality —came to have quite similar fates. Both artists were bisexual, came across death at an early age and as a consequencewould die rather young too, and in life would both struggle with pain and anxiety. The twoartist never met in life even though their similarities, and still after life their fates wouldcontinue on a similar path as they both after death would receive greater recognition. Nils Dardels and Frida Kahlos art is filled with emotions and portray themes that stilltouches people who comes across them today. What is it in their art that touches so manypeople, and do they have similar themes just as the similar aspects in their lives. These themes and two artists will be studied and analysed in this thesis. This thesispresents biographical background and will through a semiotic and comparative methodanalysis a total of six artworks made by the artists. This thesis by these methods will alsoexamine the two artists later receptions and try to explain how they came to be.

Denna kvalitativa studie inleder med en kort förklaring och beskrivning till uppsatsens titel samt ämne Den syrisk ortodoxa kyrkans roll i sammanhållningen av det syrianska/assyriska folket. Bakgrund till det syrianska/assyriska folket i Sverige samt dess fortlevnad, har föranlett studiens frågeställning: Vilken roll har den syrisk ortodoxa kyrkan i sammanhållningen av det syrianska/assyriska folket i Stockholm, utifrån Ahrnes och Brunssons (2011) sociologiska teori om organisationselementen? Denna forskning avser att studera den syrisk ortodoxa kyrkans roll i sammanhållningen av det syrianska/assyriska folket utifrån ett kvinnoperspektiv med stöd av Ahrnes och Brunssons (2011) sociologiska teori om organisationselementen. För att undersöka detta gjordes sex intervjuer med syrianska/assyriska kvinnor av första generationens invandrare i Stockholm vars ålder varierar mellan 50–60 år. Rubriken “2.2 Tidigare forskning” syftar på att ge studien ett underlag samt att komplettera ramarna som huvudteorin strukturerat, för att skapa en bredare förståelse kring frågeställningens användning av begreppen ortodoxa, kyrkan samt folket. Studiens resultat har visat att det finns ett visst samband mellan kyrkans roll i sammanhållningen av syrianer/assyrier som folkgrupp i Stockholm; att vara en materiell kollektiv resurs i form av en social arena där individer inom gemenskapen kan mötas samt dela normer, värderingar samt traditioner. Kyrkans huvudsakliga roll är att stå som en arena där Ahrne samt Brunssons (2011) organisationselement kan utövas samt bevaras; medlemskap, regler, hierarki, övervakning samt sanktioner. Resultatet kan ha betydelse för vidare studier inom minoritetsgrupper samt dess fortlevnad.

<p>Med Roland Barthes semiologiska mytsystem som mall analyserar jag i uppsatsen de myter om samerna som Selma Lagerlöf berättade, för Sveriges skolbarn, i sin geografiska läsebok <em>Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige</em>, och jämför dem med den samtida politiska ”lapp skall vara lapp”-myt, som påstod att samerna hade ett rasdrag som gjorde dem starka som renskötare i fjällen, men att de i övrigt var svaga och mindervärdiga. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Lagerlöf i sin läsebok presenterade två helt olika myter om samerna.</p><p>En, dold myt, i allegorisk form, där hon var skarpt kritisk till den undanträngning av samerna som den kulturdarwinistiska ”lapp skall vara lapp”-myten förespråkade, och en tydlig myt, där hon öppet legitimerar denna förskjutning av den etniska minoriteten.</p>

The ideas that flourished among a small group of former Uppsala students that became the Göthiska förbundet on February 16, 1811, set in motion a process that changed views on why and how Sweden should manage its historic sites. This process of change achieved its goal with the passing of the new antiquities legislation in 1828. Their archeological research also left its mark. In this area, the brotherhood went much further than they themselves had actually imagined possible when they formulated their description of the ideal state consisting of free, independent farmers, which they believed was the case up until the introduction of Christianity into the Nordic countries. It was this period that they attributed the brotherhood’s virtues that they wished to instill in modern Swedes, and it was this image that would become part of the Swedish cultural heritage. Their archeological research, though, took them even further back in time. Geijer’s history books were admirable, but Magnus Bruzelius went the furthest. Starting with a study of historic sites, he extended the time period about which one could comment at great length, going as far back as to a period that did not even have a name, a period he called the Stone Age. As a result of this, their research demonstrated that the region’s oldest historic sites did not belong to sword-wielding free farmers, but rather to primitive Stone Age savages about whose living conditions Magnus Bruzelius could write because he was able to study their material remains and compare his findings with the commentaries by travelers to primitive peoples from other, more inaccessible parts of the globe. Accordingly, both time and research achieved new heights. / digitalisering@umu

Med Roland Barthes semiologiska mytsystem som mall analyserar jag i uppsatsen de myter om samerna som Selma Lagerlöf berättade, för Sveriges skolbarn, i sin geografiska läsebok Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, och jämför dem med den samtida politiska ”lapp skall vara lapp”-myt, som påstod att samerna hade ett rasdrag som gjorde dem starka som renskötare i fjällen, men att de i övrigt var svaga och mindervärdiga. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Lagerlöf i sin läsebok presenterade två helt olika myter om samerna. En, dold myt, i allegorisk form, där hon var skarpt kritisk till den undanträngning av samerna som den kulturdarwinistiska ”lapp skall vara lapp”-myten förespråkade, och en tydlig myt, där hon öppet legitimerar denna förskjutning av den etniska minoriteten.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur tematiken i Nils Ferlins lyrik gestaltas i samtliga diktsamlingar utifrån några valda teman. Först undersöks dödstematiken som på grund av sitt omfång delas in i två kapitel, ett där döden ses som en räddare undan livsångest och ett där döden skildras som skrämmande. Vidare undersöks den religiösa kontext som är förknippad med dödstematiken. Därefter behandlas kärleksmotivet och tematiken kring detta. Slutligen undersöks dikterna där samtiden skildras utifrån Ferlins syn på människan och sin samtid. Till undersökningen används ett biografiskt material för berika analysen. Det är främst i analysen av dikterna med en tydlig dödstematik som den biografiska aspekten är viktig men paralleller till författarens eget liv dras även vid diskussionen av övriga teman. Undersökningen är en tematisk studie men även motiven undersöks då de varierar i förhållande till tematiken. Definitioner för motiv och tema härleds till Lyrikens liv (Janss, Melberg &amp; Refsum, 1999). Döden är det vanligaste motivet respektive temat men andra motiv och teman är viktiga att belysa för en djupare förståelse för Ferlins lyrik. Exempelvis finns en tydlig koppling mellan den religiösa kontexten och dödstematiken. / This paper examines how the themes in Nils Ferlin's poetry are portrayed in all poetry collections based on some selected themes. First the thematics of death is examined, and as a result of its extent it is divided into two chapters; one where death is seen as a savior from anxiety and one where death is portrayed as frightening. Furthermore the religious context associated with the thematics of death is examined. Thenceforth love motive and its thematics are treated. Lastly the poems where Ferlin depicture his vision on man and his contemporaries are examined. The survey uses a biographical material to enrich the analysis. It is primarily the analysis of the poems with a clear death thematic where the biographical aspect is important, but the parallels to the author's own life is used in the discussion of the other themes. The study is a thematic study but also the motives are examined as they vary in proportion to the thematic. Definitions of motive and theme are derived from Lyrikens liv (Janss, Melberg &amp; Refsum, 1999). Death is the most common motive respectively theme however the other motives and themes are important to highlight for a deeper understanding of Ferlin's poetry.