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Způsoby získávání tabuizovaných informací o drogách narkomany v Československu / Ways of Obtaining Taboo Information about Drugs by Addicts in CzechoslovakiaPoštolková, Lucie January 2013 (has links)
This thesis deals with the transmission of information about hard drugs which were concealed by social system in the 70th and 80th of 20th century from perspectives of drug users. We focus on the problematics of informational sources and channels by means of the social system and the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. We analyse, by using grounded theory, information environment which influenced the drug subculture. The data sources consist of 35 interviews with addicts who were actively taking hard drugs before 1989. The aim of this thesis is a comprehensive look at the functioning of the drug subculture, transmission of taboo information in society 70th and 80th of 20th century by the theory of social capital and social systems.
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Decisão judicial e sua influência sobre a Legislação Tributária Paulista: uma perspectiva neopositivistaMorais, Valério Pimenta de 17 September 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-17 / This essay analyses the influence of judicial decisions over São Paulo s tax
law, taking as reference the moment of taxation by Public Administration, notedly the
moment of tax assessment and its revision, which are markedly positivist, over all
when taking into consideration the interpretation of the articles 142 and 149 of
Brazilian Tax Code.
The neopositivist premise has guided the development of the present essay,
since its features have always been present at the analysis promoted, which can be
reduced to an idea of complementarity, not only the activities of the government
(Legislative, Executive and Judiciary), but also of a philosophical currents of Law.
Note that the present analysis focus on Brazilian Federal Constitution, mainly on its
principles, which join amplified by the multiplicity of interpreters, bringing semantic fill
to the equation that assumes that rule of law is the result of interaction between law
(work of Legislative and Executive, acting on its sanction and initiative), interpretation
(a result of multiple social actors), and, finally, case law (deriving from the action of
Judiciary).
In this respect, this essay also examines the systems theory of Niklas
Luhmann, that, considering the concept of legal system adopted, served as a support
for the analysis of the position occupied by Executive, Legislative and Judiciary
relatively to the same system, as well as the analysis of the principles and of the
philosophical currents of law and the taxation, conceiving, as a result, the rule of law
(which derives from the interaction of the elements which were mentioned above,
within the neopositivist idea) and the new role played by case law as a source of law,
made possible by the performance of the ideal model of a judge as a guardian-judge.
In this context, in response to the questions thrown during the formulation of
the introduction of this essay, we apprehend that judgments irradiate normativity,
through individual and concrete rule up to general and abstract rule, either through
compliance with regulatory expectations contrary to facts or even in case of
objectification of judicial proceedings, being responsible for enough irritation that,
over all taken into consideration, stimulate legislators create new laws.
Thus, the approach between ethics and law, originally built by judicial
decisions, tend to pervade the entire the legal system, also serving as a base for
taxation moments as well as the moments before taxation, which begin to reproduce
the aforementioned approach, representing a final translation of the principles of
legal certainty and of equality / Esta dissertação tem por finalidade o estudo da influência das decisões
judiciais sobre a legislação tributária paulista, tomando como referência o momento
exacional de atuação da sua Administração Tributária, notadamente com o
lançamento de ofício e sua revisão, que são tidos como marcadamente positivistas,
sobretudo ao se levar em consideração a interpretação do Código Tributário
Nacional, em seus artigos 142 e 149.
A premissa neopositivista - diga-se de plano - norteou o desenvolvimento do
trabalho, uma vez que suas características sempre estiveram presentes na análise
que foi promovida, podendo mesmo ser reduzida a uma ideia de
complementaridade, não só das atividades dos Poderes de Estado, mas, antes
mesmo, das correntes filosóficas do direito. Neste passo, suas notas essenciais,
tomadas em consideração, estabeleceram-se pela ambientação na Constituição da
República de 1988, com pauta em forte medida principiológica, que, por sua vez,
ingressa amplificada pela multiplicidade dos intérpretes, trazendo preenchimento
semântico à equação concebida de que a norma jurídica é encontrada como o
resultado da interação entre lei (obra dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo, ao atuar
na sua sanção e iniciativa), interpretação (resultado de multíplices atores sociais), e,
por fim, jurisprudência (decorrente da atuação do Poder Judiciário).
Nessa medida, foi também objeto de nossa investigação a consideração da
teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, que serviu de suporte para a apreciação,
segundo a concepção de sistema jurídico adotada, da posição ocupada pelos
Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário em relação ao mesmo sistema, a par da
apreciação formulada, ainda, da principiologia e das correntes filosóficas do direito e
da tributação, concebendo-se, assim, em decorrência, a norma jurídica (resultado da
interação dos elementos, antes apontados, fundamentadas no neopositivismo) e no
novo papel assumido pela jurisprudência como fonte do direito, viabilizado pela
atuação do modelo típico-ideal de juiz, na forma do juiz-guardião.
Nesse contexto, com base no quanto se sacou das análises empreendidas ao
longo do presente trabalho, em resposta às indagações lançadas durante a
formulação da introdução deste, apreendemos que as decisões judiciais irradiam
normatividade, num caminho de norma individual e concreta até a geral e abstrata,
seja por meio do cumprimento de expectativas normativas contrafáticas, seja mesmo
no caso da objetivação das lides submetidas ao Poder Judiciário, sendo
responsáveis pela irritação suficiente para que, sobretudo dentro da consideração
empreendida, o legislador estadual ou distrital, produza o novo direito positivado.
A aproximação efetuada entre a ética e o direito, dessa forma, construída,
originariamente, pelas decisões judiciais do Poder Judiciário, tende a perpassar todo
o sistema jurídico, servindo de base, ainda, para os momentos pré-exacionais e
exacionais, que passam também a reproduzir, de sua parte, esta mencionada
aproximação, representando uma tradução final dos princípios da segurança jurídica
e da isonomia
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Direito penal mínimo e constituição: o bem jurídico como aquisição evolutiva e a criminalização de seu tempoLacerda, Fernando Hideo Iochida 28 October 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-28 / The scope of the present work is to propose boundaries for the criminalization of our time, from an overview of the juridical value as an evolutionary acquisition. In this sense, the juridical value corresponds to the structural coupling between criminal law and criminal policy, being a product of evolutionary differentiation that operated between the legal and political systems. With that purpose, Niklas Luhmann s theory of systems was adopted as a conceptual assumption, as well as a view of time, considering that we live in a risk society, according to the notions of Ulrich Beck. Applying these scientific references, this thesis proposes a new discussion of the relationship between the Constitution, the juridical value, the criminal law, criminal procedure and criminal policy, defending the idea that it is a function of the legislature to identify the juridical value as a basis for creating criminal law, considering that all the process of penal intervention is positively limited by constitutional norms. The dissertation deals with the criminalization of our time: regarding criminal intervention as a product of politics - analyzing the (non) existence of constitutional warrants binding the production of non constitutional rules, from a vision of the Constitution as a threshold of criminal law, whose foundation would be the juridical value - or concerning the moment of criminal intervention as an operation of the legal system, from the (non) possibility of challenging the constitutional procedural safeguards aiming to adapt risk society's expectations. It is a search for foundations, limits and parameters for the penal system of our time: the minimum criminal law and criminal procedure, informed by constitutional principles / Escopo deste trabalho é a proposta de balizas para a criminalização de nosso tempo, a partir de uma visão do bem jurídico como aquisição evolutiva. Nesse sentido, o bem jurídico penal corresponde ao acoplamento estrutural entre o direito penal e a política criminal, produto da diferenciação evolutiva que se operou entre os sistemas jurídico e político. Para tanto, são adotados como pressupostos conceituais basilares a teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann e uma visão da sociedade de risco como o tempo em que vivemos, a partir de noções formuladas por Ulrich Beck. Empregando esses referentes científicos, a presente dissertação rediscute a relação entre Constituição, bem jurídico, direito penal, processual penal e política criminal, defendendo a ideia de que é função do legislador a identificação do bem jurídico como fundamento de normas penais incriminadoras, estando todo o processo de intervenção penal limitado positivamente pelas normas constitucionais. A dissertação trata da criminalização de nosso tempo: seja no momento da intervenção penal como produto político ― analisando-se a (in)existência de mandados constitucionais que vinculariam a produção normativa infraconstitucional, a partir de uma visão da Constituição como limite do direito penal, cujo fundamento seria o bem jurídico ―, quer no momento da intervenção penal como operação do sistema jurídico, a partir da (im)possibilidade de relativização das garantias processuais de natureza constitucional para adequação às expectativas da sociedade de risco. É uma busca por fundamentos, limites e parâmetros para o sistema penal de nosso tempo: do direito penal mínimo e do processo penal garantista, informados pelos princípios constitucionais
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Det odödas analys : En studie av centralproblematiken i Slavoj Zizeks samhällsanalys / Undead-analysis : Observing the Social Theory of Slavoj ZizekPalm, Fredrik January 2007 (has links)
<p>This thesis examines the social theory of Lacanian philosopher Slavoj Žižek. It focuses on Žižek’s work between 1989 and 2006, and offers an interpretation based on a reading of three central concepts: the Other, fantasy, and the act. All these concepts occupy the intersection between Lacan’s three orders (Imaginary, Real, Symbolic), which in Žižek’s theory means that they express a tension shared by all social order. The first chapter approaches Žižek’s conception of “the social” through an introduction of the Lacanian concept of "the Other." Attention is paid to how (a) the Other is constitutively split between its role as a Symbolic network of signifiers, and its enigmatic (Real and Imaginary) capacity to support this Symbolic network; (b) a similar split marks several of Žižek’s Lacanian and Hegelian concepts. Moreover, the chapter contrasts Žižekian sociality with those of Giddens, Luhmann and Althusser. The second chapter gives an account of the topological place of fantasy in Žižek’s theory. Relating Žižek’s theory to Critical Theory, deconstruction and Deleuzian philosophy, fantasy is presented as a concept countering new forms of “bad infinity” (Hegel) in modern social theory. The third chapter links Žižek’s theory of the act to the theories of Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, and Alain Badiou. Commenting on Rex Butler’s brilliant reading of Žižek, the thesis argues that Butler’s definition of the act is too negative. Instead, the thesis proposes a definition which emphasises the act's productive dimension, insisting on how the act ultimately involves the transformation from masculine to feminine enjoyment. The last chapter critically observes the different treatments Lacan and Derrida receive in Žižek’s text. The argument concludes that the Žižekian text relapses into a "masculine logic of exception", insofar as it leaves Derrida’s phallus untouched, while treating Lacan as the only one lacking phallus.</p>
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Modellierung und Evaluierung von Multiagentensystemen im Kontext von Kooperationsproblemen / Modelling and analysis of multiagent systems concerning cooperation problemsReinhold, Thomas 28 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the modelling and the analysis of mechanisms that enable multiagentsystems to establish communication relations and using them to control the interaction. With regards to the emergence of such symbol systems one groundwork of this paper is the realization that coordination problems aren't applicative to advance to evolution of "higher communication capabilities".
With this in mind, this analysis uses a class of problems with explicit conflicts of interests between agents and the necessity of solving such interaction problems with the help of communication. The paper determines and discusses mechanisms and constraints that enable multiagentsystems to evolve such self-organisating social structures as well as preserving them. / Thema dieser Diplomarbeit ist die Modellierung und Untersuchung von Mechanismen, auf deren Grundlage Multiagentensysteme in der Lage sind, Kommunikationsbeziehungen aufzubauen und kommunikative Akte interaktionssteuernd zu verwenden. Hinsichtlich der Emergenz derartiger Symbolsysteme besteht eine wesentliche Erkenntnis, auf der diese Arbeit aufbaut, darin, dass Koordinationsprobleme als Kontext für MAS kein geeignetes experimentelles Umfeld für die Herausbildung "höherer kommunikativer Fähigkeiten" darstellen. Davon ausgehend werden für eine Klasse von Problemen, in denen die Abstimmung über eine Interaktion aufgrund von Interessenkonflikten einen expliziten Teil des kommunikativ zu lösenden Problems darstellt, Mechanismen und Constraints herausgearbeitet und diskutiert, die Agenten in die Lage versetzen, ein sich selbst organisierendes soziales Gefüge aufzubauen und zu erhalten.
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Det odödas analys : En studie av centralproblematiken i Slavoj Zizeks samhällsanalys / Undead-analysis : Observing the Social Theory of Slavoj ZizekPalm, Fredrik January 2007 (has links)
This thesis examines the social theory of Lacanian philosopher Slavoj Žižek. It focuses on Žižek’s work between 1989 and 2006, and offers an interpretation based on a reading of three central concepts: the Other, fantasy, and the act. All these concepts occupy the intersection between Lacan’s three orders (Imaginary, Real, Symbolic), which in Žižek’s theory means that they express a tension shared by all social order. The first chapter approaches Žižek’s conception of “the social” through an introduction of the Lacanian concept of "the Other." Attention is paid to how (a) the Other is constitutively split between its role as a Symbolic network of signifiers, and its enigmatic (Real and Imaginary) capacity to support this Symbolic network; (b) a similar split marks several of Žižek’s Lacanian and Hegelian concepts. Moreover, the chapter contrasts Žižekian sociality with those of Giddens, Luhmann and Althusser. The second chapter gives an account of the topological place of fantasy in Žižek’s theory. Relating Žižek’s theory to Critical Theory, deconstruction and Deleuzian philosophy, fantasy is presented as a concept countering new forms of “bad infinity” (Hegel) in modern social theory. The third chapter links Žižek’s theory of the act to the theories of Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau, and Alain Badiou. Commenting on Rex Butler’s brilliant reading of Žižek, the thesis argues that Butler’s definition of the act is too negative. Instead, the thesis proposes a definition which emphasises the act's productive dimension, insisting on how the act ultimately involves the transformation from masculine to feminine enjoyment. The last chapter critically observes the different treatments Lacan and Derrida receive in Žižek’s text. The argument concludes that the Žižekian text relapses into a "masculine logic of exception", insofar as it leaves Derrida’s phallus untouched, while treating Lacan as the only one lacking phallus.
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Modellierung und Evaluierung von Multiagentensystemen im Kontext von Kooperationsproblemen: Modellierung und Evaluierung von Multiagentensystemen im Kontext von KooperationsproblemenReinhold, Thomas 01 August 2004 (has links)
The subject of this diploma thesis is the modelling and the analysis of mechanisms that enable multiagentsystems to establish communication relations and using them to control the interaction. With regards to the emergence of such symbol systems one groundwork of this paper is the realization that coordination problems aren't applicative to advance to evolution of "higher communication capabilities".
With this in mind, this analysis uses a class of problems with explicit conflicts of interests between agents and the necessity of solving such interaction problems with the help of communication. The paper determines and discusses mechanisms and constraints that enable multiagentsystems to evolve such self-organisating social structures as well as preserving them. / Thema dieser Diplomarbeit ist die Modellierung und Untersuchung von Mechanismen, auf deren Grundlage Multiagentensysteme in der Lage sind, Kommunikationsbeziehungen aufzubauen und kommunikative Akte interaktionssteuernd zu verwenden. Hinsichtlich der Emergenz derartiger Symbolsysteme besteht eine wesentliche Erkenntnis, auf der diese Arbeit aufbaut, darin, dass Koordinationsprobleme als Kontext für MAS kein geeignetes experimentelles Umfeld für die Herausbildung "höherer kommunikativer Fähigkeiten" darstellen. Davon ausgehend werden für eine Klasse von Problemen, in denen die Abstimmung über eine Interaktion aufgrund von Interessenkonflikten einen expliziten Teil des kommunikativ zu lösenden Problems darstellt, Mechanismen und Constraints herausgearbeitet und diskutiert, die Agenten in die Lage versetzen, ein sich selbst organisierendes soziales Gefüge aufzubauen und zu erhalten.
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