Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_l_me_arafcl.pdf: 501785 bytes, checksum: 2377ea446136e5c7b74a44ed5235002a (MD5) / O trabalho consiste no estudo e análise do romance Cidade de Deus, de Paulo Lins, relançado em 2002. Tal análise tem como objetivo verificar como esse texto contemporâneo articula sua escrita, sua produção, a partir de uma expectativa de leitura do leitor contemporâneo. O estudo também busca observar os mecanismos discursivos e textuais presentes na constituição da obra em questão, sem deixar de considerar o contexto sóciohistórico em que o romance está inserido. Procura explorar ainda, as condições específicas que despertaram o interesse do público em geral para a leitura da obra e em que medida a transposição do romance para o cinema, no ano de 2002, sob a direção de Fernando Meirelles, influenciou no aumento do número de leitores para esse livro. / This study consists in the investigation anda analysis of Paulo Lins' romance Cidade de Deus, relanced in 2002. This analysis intends to verify as this contemporary text articulates his writings, his production, from one expectative of lecture of a contemporary reader. The study search too to observe the textuals and discoursives mechanisms presentes in the constitution of book in question, without leave to consider the social and historic context in that the romance is inserted. It search still to explore the specific conditions that waked the public interest in general for reader of book and in that measure the transposition of romance for the cinema, in the year 2002, under Fernando Meirelles direction, had influence in the increase number of readers for this book.

Propôs-se nesta pesquisa trabalhar a temática da violência, delimitando como objeto de estudo a violência criminal no espaço urbano. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar geograficamente a dinâmica da violência criminal no espaço urbano de Santa Maria-RS, por meio da espacialização dos dados criminais, considerando a organização sócio-espacial da cidade. Desse modo, realizou-se um mapeamento de crimes por bairro, constatando que a zona central, a zona norte e a zona oeste apresentaram as maiores taxas de criminalidade. Na contextualização desta pesquisa analisou-se que a violência “visível” pode influenciar o modo de vida das pessoas e a organização do espaço urbano, assim como o medo da violência faz com que muitas pessoas modifiquem seus hábitos. Em Santa Maria, verifica-se que a organização do espaço urbano de forma segregada, em certos casos, pode exercer influência no processo da criminalidade. Além disso, constatou-se que a visibilidade da violência é mais notória sobre as pessoas de baixo poder aquisitivo, sendo menos perceptível entre a população maior renda. Contudo, tem-se a clareza de que a prática de crimes pode estar vinculada a qualquer estrato social. / The object of this research is to work with the violence issue, boundering as the study object the urban space violence. The research has the objective of analize geographically the dynamics of criminal violence in the urban space of Santa Maria RS, by means of the spacial treatment of the related considering the social-space of this city. In such way we have traced the criminal cartographic distribution on every neighborhood which came into the conclusion that the central zone, the north zone and the west zone presented the highest rates of crimes. In this context, we have seen that the “visual” violence can interfere in the people lifestyle and urban space organization, in such a way that violence leads people to change their habits. In Santa Maria we saw that the organization of the urban space is done in a segregational way, and some cases can even influence the criminality. We also have determined that the violence is more often related to the poor people, being less related to the rich. We also checked that criminal act can be related to any social class.

Análise das representações sociais a respeito da criminalidade e do papel do Estado durante a Campanha do Referendo do Desarmamento, que ocorreu no Brasil em 2005, quando se votou sobre um artigo da legislação brasileira sobre o uso de armas, o Estatuto do Desarmamento. Essa legislação, aprovada em 2003, tornou crime o uso de armas pela população civil e restringiu seu uso e registro para um pequeno grupo de pessoas, ficando a sua utilização restrita a pessoas da área policial e judicial ou que justificassem a necessidade do uso, além da comprovação do uso responsável da arma. Partindo-se de análises de entrevistas e notícias que circularam na época, busca-se entender como é percebido o papel do Estado frente à criminalidade e segurança pública durante o debate que preparou a votação do Referendo na elite política responsável pelas duas posições antagônicas do voto a ser referendado a respeito do comércio de armas. Avaliando-se a estrutura das duas frentes parlamentares e seu discurso acerca do papel do Estado frente à criminalidade e controle social, reitera-se uma dicotomia em dois discursos, conforme as tendências criminológicas da atualidade, numa demanda de maior rigor penal e um maniqueísmo social que sustentam uma sociedade excludente. No campo político analisado, observam-se duas posições, a da naturalização da liberdade individual como um bem social a ser valorizado e mantido e a que delega ao Estado o papel de controle do delito. / This is an analysis of social representations concerning criminality and the role of the State during the Campaign of the Disarming Referendum carried out in Brazil in 2005, when the Disarming Statute, an article of the Brazilian legislation about the use of fire guns, was voted. That legislation, approved in 2003, turned the use of guns by the population into a crime and limited the use and register of such weapons to a small number of people, so that its utilization would become restricted to people working either in the police or judicial area, or those who could justify the necessity for using guns, besides proving their responsible use. From the analyses of interviews and news from that period, this study attempts to understand how the role of the State was perceived in relation to criminality and public security during the debate that prepared the vote of the referendum in the political elite responsible for two antagonist positions as to the gun trade. By evaluating the structure of both parliamentary fronts and their discourses about the role of the State in relation to criminality and social control, a dichotomy in both discourses has been reiterated, according to the current criminological trends, i.e. a demand for stronger penal rigor and a social Manichaeism which have supported an exclusion society. In the political field analyzed, two positions have been identified: that of naturalization of individual freedom as a social benefit that should be valued and kept, and that one which delegates the State the function of controlling crime.

abstract: Why do social perceivers use race to infer a target's propensity for criminal behavior and likelihood of re-offense? Life history theory proposes that the harshness and unpredictability of one's environment shapes individuals' behavior, with harsh and unpredictable ("desperate") ecologies inducing "fast" life history strategies (characterized by present-focused behaviors), and resource-sufficient and stable ("hopeful") ecologies inducing "slow" life history strategies (characterized by future-focused behaviors). Social perceivers have an implicit understanding of the ways in which ecology shapes behavior, and use cues to ecology to infer a target's likely life history strategy. Additionally, because race is confounded with ecology in the United States, American perceivers use race as a heuristic cue to ecology, stereotyping Black individuals as possessing faster life history strategies than White individuals. In the current project, I proposed that many race stereotypes about propensity for criminality and recidivism actually reflect inferences of life history strategy, and thus track beliefs about the behavioral effects of ecology, rather than race. In a series of three studies, I explored the relationship between ecology, race, and perceptions of criminal behavior. Participants in each experiment were recruited through an online marketplace. Findings indicated that (1) stereotypes regarding likelihood to engage in specific crimes were largely driven by beliefs about the presumed ecology of the offender, rather than the offender's race, such that Black and White targets from desperate (and hopeful) ecologies were stereotyped as similarly likely (or unlikely) to commit a variety of crimes; (2) lay beliefs about recidivism predictors likewise reflected inferences of life history strategy, and thus also tracked ecology rather than race; (3) when evaluating whether to release a specific offender on parole, participants placed greater importance on ecology information as compared to race information in a point allocation task, and prioritized ecology information over race information in a ranking task. Taken together, these findings suggest that beliefs about criminality and recidivism may not be driven by race, per se, but instead reflect inferences of how one's ecology shapes behavior. Implications of these findings for understanding and reducing racial bias in the criminal justice system are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2017

The primary aim of this thesis was to make an initial evaluation of the cognitive-oriented treatment programs “A New Direction” for young people and ”New Challenges” for adult men. The treatment programs were examined in two studies mainly aimed at measuring treatment effects on criminal thought patterns and sense of coherence. In the study of the Youth Program (Paper I), pre- and post-measurements were made with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and the shortened version of Sense of Coherence (SOC-13). In addition, recidivism over a two-year period was analysed. The results show that the criminal thinking clearly decreases for participants in individual treatment for 9-30 weeks and that the rate of recidivism is lower compared with the control group. In the Adult Program (Paper II) study, pre- and post-measurements were made with PICTS, SOC-13, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Quality of Program Delivery (QPD). The result shows that criminal thinking is clearly reduced, and positive affect is increased for participants in cognitive treatment that included one-week group treatment, four weeks individual treatment and finally one-week further group treatment. The individual treatment for four weeks was combined with 12-step treatment. No significant results were shown for either control participants who received 12-step treatment or no treatment.  There is also a positive correlation between QPD and sense of coherence and between QPD and positive affect. The main conclusions are that the programs can reduce criminal thinking and improve salutogenic resources, which can help reduce criminal behaviour. / Licentiatuppsatsen representerar ett pilotprojekt som förväntas ge en första bild av effekterna av behandling med kriminalitetsprogrammen ”Ett nytt vägval” för ungdomar och ”Nya utmaningar” för vuxna män. Det övergripande syftet har varit att bidra till evidensforskningen av kriminalitetsprogram som kombinerar både ett risk- och skyddsfokus och som utvärderats inom missbruksvården. I studie I (ungdomsstudien) visade resultatet att flerveckors individuell behandling minskar det kriminella tänkandet, ökar känslan av sammanhang och minskar brottsåterfallsfrekvensen. Studiens resultat är valida för individuell behandling under 9 till 30 veckor för målgruppen svenska pojkar med en medelålder på 17 år i förkriminell och tidig fas av kriminalitet. I Studie II (vuxenstudien) undersöktes den behandlingsform som kallas Valbo modellen som kombinerar ”Nya utmaningar” med tolvstegsbehandling. Efter att tolvstegsbehandlingens inverkan på resultatet analyserats antas den största direkta förändringsfaktorn vara behandlingen med ”Nya utmaningar”. Tolvstegsbehandlingen antas ha en mer indirekt och långsiktig verkan och vara av betydelse för den känslomässiga förankringen och hållbarheten i ett förändrat normsystem och ny livsstil. Studiens resultat är valida för svenska män i 30 års-åldern i avancerad fas av kriminalitet. Studierna utgör ett första steg mot att programmen ”Ett nytt vägval” och ”Nya utmaningar” kan sägas motsvara dagens begrepp för evidens.

Orientador: Luiz Carlos da Rocha / Banca: José Sterza Justo / Banca: Sylvia Leser de Mello / Resumo: Em março de 2009, ano do centenário da existência das políticas internacionais de proibição de drogas, a 52ª Reunião da Comissão Especial de Narcóticos das Nações Unidas reiterou, para decepção de todo o bom senso, o fracassado paradigma de Guerra às Drogas como orientação geral das políticas públicas sobre drogas em nossa globalizada contemporaneidade. O objetivo da reunião, que congregou delegações de mais de 90% das nações do globo em Sessão Especial da Assembléia Geral das Nações Unidas, era avaliar o avanço nas metas do plano de ação acordado em 1998 que, pela via de um tour de force proibicionista de caráter jurídico, polícial e militar, visava erradicar ou reduzir consideravelmente os níveis mundiais de consumo e circulação de drogas ilícitas nos dez anos seguintes. Constatou-se, como era de se esperar, o absoluto fracasso em sequer limitar o avanço da disseminação das mazelas correlatas ao uso de drogas no âmbito da clandestinidade a que foi condenada essa milenar e pluricultural experiência do ser humano. A percepção do evidente desastre dessa estreita política de puritanismo guerreiro já levara, na própria Reunião de 2009, representações da União Européia, do Consórcio Internacional de Políticas sobre Drogas e da Comissão Latino-Americana de Drogas e Democracia a reunirem-se em torno da importância da adoção do enfoque da Redução de Danos como alternativa viável para redimensionar as políticas internacionais sobre a questão e oferecer base mais viável e racional para a administração da circulação dessas substâncias, bem como ao enfrentamento realista dos complexos desdobramentos na violência social e na saúde pública. Não obstante, por força da intransigência guerreira da ainda não obanizada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In March, 2009 the International Drug prohibition existence centenary, the UN 52nd Special Narcotics Meeting reiterated, for the common sense disappointment, the failed "war on drugs" paradigm as a general guide to public policies on drugs in our contemporary globalized society. The meeting‗s purpose, which brought together delegations from more than 90% of globe‗s nations in the Special Session of UN General Assembly, was to evaluate the progress on the action plan targets agreed in 1998 which, through a juridical, police and military tour de force prohibitionist, aimed to eradicate or substantially reduce the global levels of consumption and circulation of illicit drugs in the next ten years. It was noted, as it was expected, the absolute failure to limit the advance of the spread of correlated misfortunes to drug use as part of the unlawful whereby ancient and multicultural human being experience was condemned. The perception of the apparent disaster of this narrow policy of Puritanism warrior has led, in the meeting of 2009 itself, representatives of the Union European, International Consortium on Drug Policy and Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy to gather aroundthe importance of the Harm Reduction‗s adopted focus as a viable alternative to resize international policies on the issue and offer more viable and rational basis for the administration of these substances circulation, as well as to realistically confront the complex developments in social violence and public health. Nevertheless, under the US warrior‗s intransigence delegation, the guidelines adopted at the end of the meeting reaffirmed the uncompromising tone of the policy to combat drugs in recent decades... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No final do século XIX, a preocupação em torno da raça e com os possíveis impactos que a composição racial do povo brasileiro traria ao futuro da nação (notadamente a mestiçagem enquanto causa da degenerescência da população) marcou profundamente o pensamento da intelectualidade brasileira. A constituição da psicologia social no Brasil se deu em um contexto em que essas e outras questões correlatas pautaram a agenda política, literária e científica dos intelectuais. Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862-1906), médico maranhense que exerceu suas atividades profissionais principalmente na Bahia, foi um dos principais pensadores da época a debruçar-se sobre esse conjunto de questões, a partir de parâmetros e paradigmas provenientes da medicina legal, da criminologia e da psiquiatria. O presente trabalho, focando-se nas detalhadas análises de casos empreendidas por Nina Rodrigues, que abarcaram temas tão diversos como a alienação, a religião, a criminalidade e a loucura, investiga como este autor dialogou com teorias médicas, psiquiátricas e jurídicas produzidas sobretudo na Europa e como elas foram apropriadas e adaptadas à realidade brasileira e às conclusões de seus estudos de caso, a partir das quais ele derivou suas ideias, proposições e teorias / In the late 19th century, the concerns about the race and the possible impacts that the racial composition of the Brazilian people could have to the future of the nation (notably the mixing as a cause of the degeneration of the population) marked profoundly the thinking of the Brazilian intelligentsia. The constitution of social psychology in Brazil occurred in a context in which these and other related issues guided the political, literary and scientific agenda of the intellectuals. Raimundo Nina Rodrigues (1862-1906), a physician from Maranhão state that conducted his professional activities especially in Bahia state, was one of the leading thinkers of this time to look into these set of issues, based upon into the parameters provided by forensic medicine, criminology and psychiatry. This work, focusing on the detailed case studies undertaken by Nina Rodrigues, which covered topics as diverse as alienation, religion, crime and madness, investigates how this author dialoged with theories produced in Europe and how these theories were appropriated and adapted to Brazilian reality and to his conclusions about those case studies, from which he derived his ideas, propositions and theories

Este trabalho está centrado na análise dos fenômenos socioespaciais que envolvem a criminalidade violenta no meio urbano. Busca-se investigar a relação entre o aumento da violência letal e os elevados índices de desigualdade social nos últimos 30 anos. O trabalho trata respectivamente das causas da violência urbana, das relações do crime e da violência com o espaço, além da participação dos jovens nas ações violentas e no trabalho do tráfico de drogas como fator decisivo na elevação das taxas de letalidade juvenil. Selecionamos o bairro Santa Tereza, por tratar-se de uma região conflituosa no município de Porto Alegre - RS, como objeto de estudo de caso, visto que concentra características de uma sociabilidade violenta. Investigamos as relações de pertencimento nas comunidades e o medo dos lugares em virtude do aumento da criminalidade nos centros urbanos. Da mesma forma, consideramos as causas do aumento da violência como sendo um dos fatores de repulsão dos espaços de uso comum e promotor de novas territorialidades a partir do esgarçamento do tecido sócio espacial. / This work focuses on the analysis of socio-spatial phenomena involving violent crime in urban areas. The aim is to investigate the relationship between the increase in lethal violence to high levels of social inequality in the last 30 years. The work deals respectively of the causes of urban violence, crime and violence relations with the space on the participation of young people in violent actions and the work of drug trafficking as a decisive factor in the rise of juvenile mortality rates. We selected Santa Tereza district, because it is a conflictive region in the city of Porto Alegre - RS, as a case study object as it focuses characteristics of a violent sociability. We investigated the relationships of belonging in communities and the fear of places due to the increase of crime in urban centers. Similarly we consider the causes of increasing violence as one of repulsion factors of spaces for common use and promoter of new territoriality from the fraying of the socio-spatial fabric.

Esta dissertação narra e discute a experiência de ouvir pessoas que já foram presas, para compreender como se conduzem e lidam com o que, cotidianamente, a mídia fala e faz falar sobre a criminalidade, reproduzindo conceitos, condutas e modos de existência. Esta pesquisa foi realizada utilizando-se a metodologia roda de conversa com egressos do sistema prisional, em espaço que possibilitou discussão e reflexão de valores, conceitos e percepções, viabilizando aos próprios participantes serem protagonistas no processo de subjetivar-se com o que foi produzido nessa troca. Para incentivar a discussão, a proposta foi a de utilizar notícias de jornal e programas televisivos ou de rádio apontados pelos participantes. Minhas intervenções foram no sentido de fomentar o debate e de valorizar o compartilhamento de ideias e a construção de alternativas de vida no coletivo. A pesquisa também visou a favorecer a produção de narrativas de histórias e de experiências como prática de liberdade e de estratégias de convivência social. Os resultados mais significativos da pesquisa remetem à regularidade de falas de acordo com os agrupamentos: Discriminação, preconceito e criminalização da pobreza; Política partidária e corrupção; Trabalho, educação, cidadania e qualidade de vida; e Direitos e assistencialismo. Na discussão teórica dos resultados, foram abordados o entendimento da criminalização da pobreza e os efeitos do processo de categorização e de construção identitária da população pobre como classe perigosa Os aspectos relativos a políticas de acesso à educação e ao trabalho como possibilidade de inserção social foram discutidos com base na legislação e no que remete à governamentalidade social. Foram observadas as diferenças no acesso a direitos, o impacto da corrupção para as relações da população com o Estado e a possível intensificação do assistencialismo. A fundamentação dos tópicos também considerou o entendimento de que a mídia desempenha papel relevante nesse processo de subjetivação ao ser parcial na veiculação dos assuntos que aborda e ao dar visibilidade a discursos hegemônicos. O estudo foi baseado na perspectiva foucaultiana para entender a relação saber-poder em jogo nos discursos e pensar poder como condução de condutas e como possibilidade de resistência. Por fim, o estudo considerou o conceito de narrativas e de experiência de Walter Benjamin como meio de proceder a rupturas nos discursos midiáticos e de possibilitar a criação de diferentes modos de existência. / This dissertation both narrates and discusses the experience of listening to people that have already been imprisoned, in order to understand how they conduct themselves and deal with what the media daily says and causes people to say about criminality, thus reproducing concepts, conducts and modes of existence. The Conversation Circle methodology was applied to people discharged from prison in a setting that favored the discussion and reflection on values, concepts and perceptions, by enabling the participants to play an important role in the process of subjectivation from what was produced in that exchange. The use of newspaper reports as well as radio and television programs referred by the participants was proposed to encourage the discussions. My interventions were aimed at fostering the debate and pointing out the importance of sharing ideas and designing living alternatives in the collective. The research also intended to favor the production of narratives of stories and experiences as a practice of freedom and strategies of social coexistence. The most significant research results evidenced regularity of the discourses in accordance with the following units: Discrimination, prejudice and criminalization of poverty; Partisan politics and corruption; Work, education, citizenship and quality of life; and Rights and assistentialism. The theoretical discussion about the results approached the understanding of the criminalization of poverty and the effects of the process of categorization and identity contruction of the poor as a dangerous class Aspects related to the policies for access to education and work as a possibility of social integration were discussed on the grounds of the legislation and social governmentality. Differences in the access to rights, the impact of corruption on the relationships between the population and the State, and the possible intensification of assistentialism were noticed. The foundations of the topics also considered the understanding that the media play an outstanding role in the subjectivation process by both being partial in spreading the issues they address and giving visibility to hegemonic discourses. The study was grounded on the Foucauldian perspective to understand the power-knowledge relation at stake in the discourses, regarding power as conduction of conducts and possibility of resistence. Finally, the study considered Walter Benjamin’s concept of narratives and experience as a means to cause disruptions in the media discourses and enable the creation of different modes of existence.

The degree paper deals with the issues of juvenile delinquency and the factors which have impact on the origination of the juvenile delinquency. I have chosen this topic since it is a very serious problem and this phenomenon has been proliferating significantly. The crime in general, especially the juvenile delinquency, is a serious social-pathological phenomenon. Minors who do not reach the limit of criminal liability often became the offenders. In addition, the probability of threatening a young man by social pathological phenomena and his subsequent ``criminal career{\crqq} is currently much higher than ever before. To recognize the occurrence of risk factors among the youth in time it is necessary for the families, teachers, educators and all professionals working with the juveniles to acquire sufficient knowledge, information and experience and be able to work with the factors and fight against them in time. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the term ``youth{\crqq}, the personality of a young delinquent, structure of the juvenile delinquency, analyses of the risk factors which most frequently participate in the occurrence of juvenile delinquency, and outlines the possibilities of intervention against the juvenile delinquency and various kinds of prevention. The research is focused on the occurrence of risk factors among the young respondents and on protective factors and attitudes of the respondents in respect of the juvenile delinquency and the crime at all. Structured interviews were held with the youth which are placed in the reformatory or special correctional institutions in the territory of the Regional of Plzeň. The main objective of the degree paper is to describe the factors which significantly affect the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency and to map the occurrence and impact of such factors on the juveniles placed in the correctional and reformatory social retraining institutions in the Region of Plzeň. Hypothesis No. 1 is: The youth commit property crimes at the most. Hypothesis No. 2: The youth behave improperly namely when in groups. Hypothesis No. 3: The decisive factor affecting the juvenile delinquency is the family. I think that the objectives of the degree paper were fulfilled. Hypothesis No. 1 was confirmed. The respondents mostly stated that they were adjudicated treatment in special reformatory institution due to property crimes. Hypothesis No. 2 was also confirmed. The replies of the respondents mostly contained the possibility that they committed crime within a gang. Hypothesis No. 3 was confirmed, too: Analyses of the research proves that all factors participating in the occurrence of the juvenile delinquency are penetrated with the impact of the family and family environment on the juveniles. Results of the performed research will be used for further education of the students at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, as well as for the students of other auxiliary professions at other universities. The results will be further used as the source of information for parents and pedagogical professionals working with the youth and as source materials for seminars about the given topic.