A dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o caso da Gestão de OPME (Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais) em uma empresa operadora de planos de saúde (UNIMED RS), no contexto das condições sistêmicas e setoriais de competitividade e das escolhas estratégicas da empresa. Utilizando conceitos e esquemas analíticos de economia da estratégia, a dissertação procura mostrar como a gestão de OPME é importante para equacionar o trade-off entre custo e diferenciação, dada as escolhas estratégicas que caracterizam o posicionamento competitivo da UNIMED, no âmbito do setor de operadoras de planos de saúde e com as limitações impostas pelo agente regulador setorial. Os avanços na área de materiais médicos são impressionantes. A velocidade com que são lançados no mercado os novos materiais cirúrgicos (Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais, OPME) é um reflexo da facilidade com que se tem acesso à informação nos dias de hoje. Estes materiais, são materiais de elevado custo, existem dúvidas quanto a sua efetividade e segurança para os beneficiários/pacientes e que acarretam um aumento geométrico dos custos das operadoras de planos de saúde que, devido ao controle rigoroso, governamental, não conseguem repassar esses custos aos seus beneficiários. O Sistema Unimed, identificando a necessidade de um processo estruturado que avalie a incorporação de novas tecnologias na área da saúde, e com o objetivo de manter o status da instituição como empresa que oferta aos seus beneficiários a melhor tecnologia médica disponível, criou a sua Câmara Técnica de Medicina Baseada em Evidências. Nesse contexto, este estudo aborda a experiência do Sistema Unimed com essa gestão e absorção de novas tecnologias. / The objective of the dissertation is to analyze the administration of OPME (Ortheses, Prostheses and Special Materials) in a health care company (UNIMED RS), in the context of the systemic and sectorial conditions of competitiveness and of the strategic choices of the company. Using concepts and analytic outlines of the economy of the strategy, the dissertation seeks to show how important the administration of the OPME is for the trade-off between cost and differentiation, given the strategic choices that characterize the competitive positioning of UNIMED in the ambit of the section of Health Plans and with limitations imposed by the sectorial regulator agent. The progress in the area of medical materials is impressive. The speed that the new surgical materials (Ortheses, Protheses and Special Materials) are introduced in the market is a reflex of the easiness to access information nowadays. These materials are materials of high cost, and there is still doubt about the effectiveness and safety of these materials for the patients, besides there is a geometric increase of the costs of the Health Plans and due to the rigorous governmental control these costs cannot be passed to the beneficiaries. The Unimed System, aware of the need for a structured process that evaluates the incorporation of new technologies in the area of health, and with the objective to maintain its status as an institution that offers its beneficiaries the best medical technology available, created its own Technical Chamber of Medicine Based on Evidences. In this context, this study approaches Unimed's experience in this administration and the absorption of new technologies.

Caracterizado por grande complexidade, o projeto de edifícios de assistência à saúde precisa garantir funcionalidade e eficiência operacional à edificação, através de espaços que facilitem a realização das atividades de atenção à saúde. Isto é ainda mais proeminente em países como o Brasil, onde os serviços de atenção à saúde são deficitários, principalmente na esfera pública. Para tanto, é necessário um amplo conhecimento acerca dos usuários e dos fluxos e atividades que compõem os serviços prestados, que geralmente os arquitetos não possuem. Neste contexto, e dada a complexidade dos edifícios de assistência à saúde, o envolvimento efetivo dos usuários no processo de projeto - co-design - pode contribuir para o redesenho das atividades de atenção à saúde e assim possibilitar que os arquitetos alinhem o projeto do espaço físico com o projeto dos serviços, aumentando a oferta e a qualidade do atendimento à população. No entanto, o co-design exige grandes esforços do arquiteto, relativos à coordenação e à linguagem utilizada, entre outros desafios. O problema desta pesquisa reside, portanto, na falta de amparo e dificuldades de envolver efetivamente os usuários no processo de projeto destes edifícios, como perspectiva para trazer os conhecimentos relativos à utilização da edificação ao projeto, e assim aumentar a adequação entre edifício e uso. A pesquisa aqui proposta busca, neste sentido, uma proposição inovadora de solução através da abordagem da Design Science Research (DSR) que tem como fundamento a proposta de soluções para problemas enfrentados no mundo real. A pesquisa incluiu as etapas de entendimento do tema, com revisão bibliográfica, estudo exploratório e estudos de caso em dois projetos de edifícios de saúde com co-design; proposta de uma solução e avaliação da solução. Como solução, apresenta-se um modelo conceitual de processo de projeto com co-design para auxiliar os arquitetos na promoção desta prática em edifícios de assistência à saúde. Descreve-se ainda o processo de seleção dos representantes dos usuários para as oficinas de co-design, com as questões que devem ser consideradas pela coordenação, a preparação dos usuários, a estrutura para orientar as oficinas e as revisões de fases, indicando as entradas, os métodos e instrumentos e as saídas das oficinas, e os subprodutos para análise, os critérios de passagem e o conteúdo dos relatórios de revisão, no caso das revisões de fase. O modelo foi avaliado por quatro profissionais, que são arquitetos com experiência em projetos de edifícios de saúde e pesquisadores da área. Com base nos resultados das avaliações, o modelo foi aprimorado para sua versão final. / Characterized by high complexity, the design of a healthcare building must ensure functionality and operational efficiency to the building through spaces that support healthcare activities. This is even more prominent in countries as Brazil, where healthcare services are deficient, especially in the public sphere. Therefore, a broad knowledge on users and service flows and activities, which architects seldom have, is required. Given the complexity of healthcare buildings, the effective involvement of users in the design process - co-design - can contribute to the redesign of healthcare activities and enable architects to align the design of physical space with that of services, which increases the supply and quality of services to the population. However, co-design requires great efforts, related to coordination and design language, among other challenges, from architects. This thesis addresses the lack of support and difficulties regarding the effective engagement of users in the design process of the healthcare buildings, as a perspective to provide knowledge on the use of the building to the design and increase the adequacy of building and use. It proposes an innovative solution through the Design Science Research (DSR), based on the proposal of solutions to problems faced in the real world. The research included the stages of understanding of the theme, through a literature review, survey and case studies in two healthcare buildings designed with co-design, development of a solution and its evaluation. A conceptual model of the design process with co-design is presented to assist architects in promoting this practice in healthcare buildings. The selection process of users´ representatives is described for the co-design workshops and indicates the issues to be considered by the coordination. The study also addresses the preparation of users, a framework to guide the workshops and phase reviews, stating the inputs, methods and tools and the outputs for the workshops, the deliverables for analysis, criteria for judgment and content of revision reports, in the case of phase revisions. The model was evaluated by four professionals, who are architects and researchers skilled in healthcare building design. According to the evaluation results, the model has been enhanced to its final version.

All businesses no matter how benign or smart their operations are create some level of environmental harm. These impacts can be minimized or controlled by a adopting a well articulated firm-level green strategy. The need to green should not just be to address companywide environmental challenge but also a proactive strategy to stay on the right side of the regulation and for profitability. Many factors drive a company to pursue green initiatives but whatever it is that motivate an organization, it also possible that a company can enjoy a sustained competitive advantage through greening. This study examined the green strategies organizations can use to derive competitive advantage. A multiple case study approach based on intensive field survey was used. The field survey was carried out in 2010. A total of 268 respondents drawn from ten companies were selected for the purposes of the survey. These companies operate in different sectors of the economy: 3, from the oil/gas; 3, from the manufacturing; 2, from banking/insurance; 1, from hospitality/tourism and 1, from the telecom. A questionnaire survey (see Appendix A) containing thirty-six (38) questions was sent out to the companies. The data gathered through the questionnaires was analyzed using the statistical functions of Microsoft Excel. Result obtained confirmed that companies‘ activities cause environmental burden and their impacts can be responsibly controlled using firm-level green strategies. Companies can also derive other benefits from going green. Ultimately a company can achieve sustained green competitive advantage in the long run.

Caracterizado por grande complexidade, o projeto de edifícios de assistência à saúde precisa garantir funcionalidade e eficiência operacional à edificação, através de espaços que facilitem a realização das atividades de atenção à saúde. Isto é ainda mais proeminente em países como o Brasil, onde os serviços de atenção à saúde são deficitários, principalmente na esfera pública. Para tanto, é necessário um amplo conhecimento acerca dos usuários e dos fluxos e atividades que compõem os serviços prestados, que geralmente os arquitetos não possuem. Neste contexto, e dada a complexidade dos edifícios de assistência à saúde, o envolvimento efetivo dos usuários no processo de projeto - co-design - pode contribuir para o redesenho das atividades de atenção à saúde e assim possibilitar que os arquitetos alinhem o projeto do espaço físico com o projeto dos serviços, aumentando a oferta e a qualidade do atendimento à população. No entanto, o co-design exige grandes esforços do arquiteto, relativos à coordenação e à linguagem utilizada, entre outros desafios. O problema desta pesquisa reside, portanto, na falta de amparo e dificuldades de envolver efetivamente os usuários no processo de projeto destes edifícios, como perspectiva para trazer os conhecimentos relativos à utilização da edificação ao projeto, e assim aumentar a adequação entre edifício e uso. A pesquisa aqui proposta busca, neste sentido, uma proposição inovadora de solução através da abordagem da Design Science Research (DSR) que tem como fundamento a proposta de soluções para problemas enfrentados no mundo real. A pesquisa incluiu as etapas de entendimento do tema, com revisão bibliográfica, estudo exploratório e estudos de caso em dois projetos de edifícios de saúde com co-design; proposta de uma solução e avaliação da solução. Como solução, apresenta-se um modelo conceitual de processo de projeto com co-design para auxiliar os arquitetos na promoção desta prática em edifícios de assistência à saúde. Descreve-se ainda o processo de seleção dos representantes dos usuários para as oficinas de co-design, com as questões que devem ser consideradas pela coordenação, a preparação dos usuários, a estrutura para orientar as oficinas e as revisões de fases, indicando as entradas, os métodos e instrumentos e as saídas das oficinas, e os subprodutos para análise, os critérios de passagem e o conteúdo dos relatórios de revisão, no caso das revisões de fase. O modelo foi avaliado por quatro profissionais, que são arquitetos com experiência em projetos de edifícios de saúde e pesquisadores da área. Com base nos resultados das avaliações, o modelo foi aprimorado para sua versão final. / Characterized by high complexity, the design of a healthcare building must ensure functionality and operational efficiency to the building through spaces that support healthcare activities. This is even more prominent in countries as Brazil, where healthcare services are deficient, especially in the public sphere. Therefore, a broad knowledge on users and service flows and activities, which architects seldom have, is required. Given the complexity of healthcare buildings, the effective involvement of users in the design process - co-design - can contribute to the redesign of healthcare activities and enable architects to align the design of physical space with that of services, which increases the supply and quality of services to the population. However, co-design requires great efforts, related to coordination and design language, among other challenges, from architects. This thesis addresses the lack of support and difficulties regarding the effective engagement of users in the design process of the healthcare buildings, as a perspective to provide knowledge on the use of the building to the design and increase the adequacy of building and use. It proposes an innovative solution through the Design Science Research (DSR), based on the proposal of solutions to problems faced in the real world. The research included the stages of understanding of the theme, through a literature review, survey and case studies in two healthcare buildings designed with co-design, development of a solution and its evaluation. A conceptual model of the design process with co-design is presented to assist architects in promoting this practice in healthcare buildings. The selection process of users´ representatives is described for the co-design workshops and indicates the issues to be considered by the coordination. The study also addresses the preparation of users, a framework to guide the workshops and phase reviews, stating the inputs, methods and tools and the outputs for the workshops, the deliverables for analysis, criteria for judgment and content of revision reports, in the case of phase revisions. The model was evaluated by four professionals, who are architects and researchers skilled in healthcare building design. According to the evaluation results, the model has been enhanced to its final version.

El objetivo general de este trabajo es mejorar la gestión mantenimiento de la máquina sopladora y llenadora de una línea de envasado de gaseosas en botellas plásticas, para ello, se ha planeado como objetivo puntual: reducir la cantidad de paradas de máquina por fallas o inconvenientes para incrementar la eficiencia máquina en 3.5% y mejorar la capacidad de producción. Debido a ello, el trabajo está enfocado en la implantación de la mejora del sistema de gestión de mantenimiento basado en la confiabilidad de la máquina. Asimismo, el trabajo comprende cuatro capítulos. El primero; describe la empresa y el marco teórico que sustenta el desarrollo de las propuestas de mejora que se van a implementar. El segundo; comprende el análisis de la situación actual, la descripción del proceso de soplado y llenado, análisis y determinación de la problemática. El tercero; comprende la definición de objetivos, la evaluación y elección de las alternativas de solución, el desarrollo e implementación de las propuestas de solución elegidas y su generación de valor para la empresa y, por último, se realizará la validación técnica, económica y de riesgos. / This research's general objective is improved the maintenance management of the blowing and filling machine for soft drink packaging line in plastic bottles. For this, it has been planned as a specific objective: to reduce the number of machine downtime due to failures or inconveniences to increase machine efficiency by 3.5% and so to improve production capacity. Due to this, the work is focused on the implementation of the improvement of the maintenance management system based on the reliability of the machine. Likewise, the work includes four chapters. First, describes the company and the conceptual framework that supports the development of the improvement proposals to be implemented. The second; It includes the analysis of the current situation, the description of the blowing and filling process, analysis, and determination of the problem. The third; It includes the definition of objectives, the evaluation and choice of solution alternatives, the development and implementation of the chosen solution proposals and their generation of value for the company and, finally, the technical, economic and risk validation will be carried out. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The digital development in today's society is taking place at an impressive speed wheredigital solutions are implemented in all segments to make the world a smarter place tolive in. The real estate industry, has from a historical point of view, been consideredconservative and viscous for changes; however, the industry is facing major changestoday as digital technology is implemented in buildings with the purpose of makingthem smarter. This is also known as PropTech. The digital transformation entailseffects that actors on the market have begun to identify and adapt to. The question isto what extent they are considering these effects and whether they have begun toadapt their models after this. If not, there is a risk that the credit institutes' models willhave a bigger uncertainty, which could affect both the credit institutes as well as CREcompanies negatively from a financial perspective. The purpose of this thesis istherefore to increase knowledge of how digitalization is considered in creditassessments for commercial real estate companies in the Swedish real estate market. Three areas in which digitization theoretically affects credit assessments were selectedfor this degree project through a pre-study, namely sustainability, customer satisfactionand operational efficiency. A theoretical chain is presented in a conceptual frameworkbased on previous research showing how digitalization can affect the repayment abilitythrough profitability of commercial real estate companies and the market value ofcommercial real estate properties, which are two important factors in a creditassessment. Furthermore, collection of empirical data has been gathered throughsemi-structured interviews with experts in credit assessment towards real estatecompanies as well as real estate valuers. The conceptual framework showed a clearlink between digitalization and its theoretical impact on profitability and market value,with regard to sustainability, customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. Theempirical evidence also indicated that creditors and property valuers are aware of thedigital change to a certain extent, but there exists a number of barriers, hindering theconsideration of digitalization in credit assessments. The respondents expressed abelief that digitalization will increasingly impact the CRE industry and it will become animportant aspect to examine in the future. / Utvecklingen i dagens samhälle sker med en imponerande hastighet där digitalalösningar implementeras inom alla segment för att göra världen smartare.Fastighetsbranschen, som ur historisk synvinkel ansetts vara konservativ ochtrögflytande i samband med förändringar, har inte heller lämnats oberörd. Idag stårfastighetsbranschen inför stora förändringar då digital teknik implementeras ibyggnader för att göra dem smartare. Den digitala transformationen medför effektersom aktörer på marknaden börjat identifiera och anpassa sig efter. Frågan är till vilkenutsträckning kreditinstitut beaktar dessa effekter och om deras analysmodeller förbedömning av återbetalningsförmåga anpassas efter detta. Om detta inte sker finnsen risk att kreditinstituts modeller får större osäkerhet, vilket kan komma att påverkabåde kreditinstituten samt fastighetsbolagen negativt ur ekonomisk synvinkel. Syftetmed detta examensarbete är därmed att öka förståelsen för hur digitalisering beaktasi kreditgivningsprocessen för kommersiella fastighetsbolag på den svenskakontorsmarknaden. Tre områden där digitalisering påverkar kreditgivningsprocessen valdes ut iexamensarbetet genom en förstudie. Dessa var: hållbarhet, kundnöjdhet ochoperationell effektivitet. Ett konceptuellt ramverk skapades med förankring i tidigareforskning som visar hur digitalisering kan påverka återbetalningsförmågan genomlönsamheten hos kommersiella fastighetsbolag samt marknadsvärdet förkommersiella fastigheter, samt en explorativ undersökning genom semi-struktureradeintervjuer med experter inom kreditgivning till fastighetsbolag samt fastighetsvärderareför insamling av empiriska data. Det konceptuella ramverket visade en tydlig kopplingmellan digitalisering och dess teoretiska påverkan på lönsamhet och marknadsvärde,med hänsyn till hållbarhet, kundnöjdhet samt operationell effektivitet. Intervjuresultatenvisade även att kreditgivare och fastighetsvärderare är medvetna om förändringen tillen viss grad men att en mängd utmaningar måste lösas innan digitalisering kanbeaktas i fastighetsvärdering och kreditgivning. Vidare slutsats från empirin visade pårespondenterna tro om att digitalisering kommer få ett allt större genomslag i denkommersiella fastighetsbranschen och att det kommer bli en allt viktigare aspekt att tahänsyn till i framtiden.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo incrementar el nivel de servicio en la empresa S&E INOXI S. A. C., la cual se dedica a fabricación y venta de muebles en acero inoxidable y brindar servicios de mantenimiento, ya que se encontraba en un escenario de pérdidas económicas equivalente a S/.28 470,00, debido a la penalización del 5% por incumplimiento de la fecha de entrega. Asimismo, existían pérdidas por materia prima de S/. 96 905,03. El presente trabajo propone una mejora del sistema productivo mediante la implementación de las herramientas de Lean Manufacturing para incrementar su nivel de servicio. Esto se logró mediante la ejecución de un diagnóstico de la situación actual del proceso de fabricación de trampa de sólidos y grasas, evaluación y determinación de los métodos y/o herramientas de ingeniería, seguidamente se elaboraron propuestas de mejora del proceso que contribuyeran a incrementar el nivel de servicio y finalmente se realizó el análisis costobeneficio del proyecto. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvo un incremento del 23,1% en el nivel de servicio, se redujo la pérdida de materia prima en un 84,13%, esto mediante el incremento del 23,51% de la eficiencia física y se logró una disminución del 51,87% de la distancia recorrida. Además, se redujo el cuello de botella en un 10,64% y el tiempo de flujo del proceso en un 9,88%. También mediante las capacitaciones y el diagrama OT se consiguió la polivalencia del operario, consiguiendo la reducción de un 67,41% del tiempo ocioso para un lote de 3 unidades. / The objective of this study was to increase the level of service in the company S & E INOXI S. A. C., which is dedicated to manufacturing and selling stainless steel furniture and provide maintenance services, since it was in a scenario of economic losses equivalent to S/. 28 470,00, due to the penalty of 5% for breach of the delivery date. Likewise, there were losses by raw material of S/. 96 905,03. The present work proposes an improvement of the productive system through the implementation of Lean Manufacturing tools to increase its level of service. This was achieved through the execution of a diagnosis of the current situation of the manufacturing process of solids and grease traps, evaluation and determination of the methods and / or engineering tools, followed by proposals for improvement of the process that would contribute to increase the level of service and finally the cost-benefit analysis of the project was carried out. As a result of the research, an increase of 23,1% in the level of service was obtained, the loss of raw material was reduced by 84,13%, this by means of the increase of 23,51% of the physical efficiency and it was achieved a decrease of 5,.87% of the distance traveled. In addition, the bottleneck was reduced by 10,64% and the process flow time by 9,88%. Also through the trainings and the OT diagram, the polyvalence of the operator was achieved, achieving a reduction of 67,41% of idle time for a batch of 3 units.

The dissertation "Enhancing Automotive Manufacturing Quality and Reducing Variability Through Six Sigma Principles" provides a thorough analysis of the ways in which Six Sigma techniques can be applied to the automotive manufacturing sector to improve quality control, reduce variability, and boost operational efficiency. Utilizing a diverse of secondary data sources, such as industry reports, case studies, academic research articles, and one-on-one consultations, this study seeks to offer important insights into the implementation and efficacy of Six Sigma principles in the context of automotive manufacturing. By stressing the fundamental ideas of Six Sigma outlined by Deming and Juran and scrutinizing influential works in quality management, the literature study builds a solid theoretical basis. The study's goals and research questions centre on comprehending how Six Sigma improves quality and lowers variability in automobile production processes. This research finds important insights on how Six Sigma may improve quality control, lower process variability, and increase operational efficiency in the automobile manufacturing industry via thorough secondary data analysis. The research offers useful insights into using Six Sigma approaches, emphasizing the significance of staff involvement, data-driven decision-making, and leadership commitment in guaranteeing the success of Six Sigma projects. The thesis ends with suggestions for further research, such as investigating primary data gathering techniques, contrasting this methodology with other approaches to quality management, and using longitudinal analysis to monitor the long-term effects of Six Sigma projects. In summary, this dissertation advances our knowledge of how Six Sigma concepts may be used to promote operational excellence and continuous improvement in the automobile manufacturing sector. It also provides practitioners and stakeholders in the industry with insightful information

Roller conveyors are critical components in various industries for material handling, enabling the efficient transportation of items in assembly lines, warehouses, and distribution centers. Traditionally constructed from materials such as steel, aluminum, or plastic, roller conveyors are now being innovatively designed using composite materials. This study investigates the design, analysis, and optimization of roller conveyors utilizing composite materials to achieve weight reduction while maintaining or enhancing structural integrity and operational efficiency. Composite materials offer enhanced properties compared to their individual components. Typical composites include fibers like carbon, glass, or aramid within a matrix of epoxy resin, providing superior strength, corrosion resistance, and customization capabilities. The research employs finite element analysis (FEA) and other advanced modeling techniques to evaluate the performance of composite roller conveyors under various loading conditions. The findings suggest that using composite materials can significantly reduce the weight of roller conveyors, leading to decreased energy consumption, lower operational costs, and improved handling efficiency. The optimized design enhances productivity and contributes to sustainability by minimizing environmental impact. This thesis advances the understanding of composite-based roller conveyors, demonstrating their potential to replace conventional materials and achieve higher efficiency in industrial applications.

Целью работы является разработка методического подхода к оценке эффективности операционной деятельности телекоммуникационной компании. В основе подхода – динамический анализ ключевых факторов операционной деятельности, проведение корреляционно-регрессионного анализа между операционными параметрами и показателями эффективности, а также расчет интегрального показателя. Разработанный методический подход к оценке операционной деятельности телекоммуникационной компании позволяет повысить точность расчетов, объективность комплексной оценки и оценить эффективность операционной деятельности. / The aim of the work is to develop a new pricing mechanism at woodworking enterprises. The mechanism is based on the calculation and further accounting in the pricing process of the waste coefficient, which characterizes the volume of waste in the sawmill, depending on such parameters of the final product as the thickness and width of lumber. The developed pricing mechanism makes it possible to more accurately determine the cost of production, form favorable offers to counterparties and concentrate the efforts of sales managers on the most profitable positions of the assortment.