<p>  </p> <p>Between 1977 and 1984, Grove City College engaged in a legal dispute with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare as to whether the college needed to sign federally mandated Title IX compliance forms for its students to receive federal funding. This project uses the culmination of the legal dispute, the Supreme Court case <em>Grove City College v. Bell </em>(1984) to engage with discussions about philanthropy’s role in shaping education, the political effects of that education, the politicization of interpretations of Supreme Court decisions, and the continued role of education in shaping a conservative intellectual elite. Throughout much of the twentieth century, oil magnate and conservative businessman J. Howard Pew funded Grove City College’s building projects and gave countless speeches at the college. By relying on his money, Pew steered the private college’s curriculum and student life to embrace Judeo-Christian norms, cultural conservatism, and libertarian economics. </p> <p>These values shaped the conservative response to federal regulations in the form of Title IX as Grove City College sought to defend those values. This sociolegal history of the case reveals the intellectual roots of Grove City College’s retaliation. Furthermore, this project bridges legal and political history as I show that Supreme Court decisions were shaped by activists and politicians. We must look beyond case law. The project connects grassroots activism and political decisions as both meted out the future of conservatism in the public square. By conflating popularity with democracy, Ronald Reagan and his Department of Justice tried to appease all sides in the legal conflict as he made overtures to the antifeminist New Right. This project then touches on the battle over minority rule and majoritarian democracy as Reagan was at odds with the New Right as he subscribed to the latter. My work on <em>Grove City College v. Bell </em>(1984) then pushes our discussion of political history beyond a red and blue dichotomy as Democrats and moderate Republicans formed a bipartisan coalition to legislatively overturn the Supreme Court’s decision. Grove City College’s conservative think tank acts as a new endeavor to inform the public square as to the values of conservatism. Long since passed away, Pew’s values live on in the Institute for Faith and Freedom. By observing the branding of the organization and its connection to the college’s history, this work shows the fluidity and adaptability of conservatism as it occurs on campus and how it intertwines with national conversations today with which conservatism is concerned. </p>

In der ersten Abhandlung untersuche ich die Auswirkungen von Informationsfriktionen und Aufwandskosten auf die Effektivität von Steuervergünstigungen bei der Förderung von Spenden für wohltätige Zwecke. Mittels eines groß angelegten Umfrageexperiments und einem Feldexperiment prüfe ich empirisch, ob die Verringerung von Informationsfriktionen durch Hervorhebung von Steuervergünstigungen und Bereitstellung von Informationen über die Höhe von Steuervergünstigungen Spendenentscheidungen verändert. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Spenden steigen, wenn Steuervergünstigungen hervorgehoben und Informationen bereitgestellt werden. Ich lege dar, dass der Hauptverhaltensmechanismus, der Informationsfriktionen zugrunde liegt, Unaufmerksamkeit ist. Die zweite Abhandlung ist eine gemeinsame Arbeit mit Steffen Altmann, Armin Falk, Paul Heidhues und Rajshri Jayaraman. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen von voreingestellten Beträgen auf Spenden für wohltätige Zwecke in einem groß angelegten Feldversuch auf einer Online-Spendenplattform. Wir beobachten eine starke Auswirkung von voreingestellten Beträgen auf das individuelle Verhalten, stellen jedoch fest, dass die Gesamtspende nicht von voreingestellten Beträgen beeinflusst wird. Mit einem Strukturmodell wird untersucht ob die Personalisierung von voreingestellten Beträgen die Spendeneinnahmen erhöhen kann. In der dritten Abhandlung, die in Zusammenarbeit mit Rajshri Jayaraman und Michael Kaiser verfasst wurde, untersuchen wir gemeinnützige Spenden für Naturkatastrophen auf einer großen Online-Plattform. Wir beobachten, dass der Großteil der Spenden für wohltätige Zwecke an einen winzigen Teil der Naturkatastrophen geht, bei denen es sich in der Regel um besonders schwere Katastrophen handelt, über die in den Medien berichtet wird. Unter Verwendung eines Ereignisstudiendesigns finden wir Hinweise, die mit zwei Erscheinungsformen der Spenderermüdung übereinstimmen, jedoch nicht mit einer dritten. / In the first essay, I study the implications of information frictions and hassle costs for the effectiveness of tax incentives in encouraging charitable giving. Empirically, I test whether mitigating information frictions by making tax incentives more salient and by providing information on the magnitude of tax incentives alters donation decisions by conducting a large-scale survey experiment, representative of the German adult population and I complement this with a large-scale field experiment on an online donation platform. My findings indicate that when tax incentives are made salient, and when information is provided, donations increase. I find that the main behavioral mechanism underlying information frictions is inattention. Analyzing who responds more to salience and information provision shows that it is predominantly individuals that face lower hassle costs and have high incomes. The second essay is joint work with Steffen Altmann, Armin Falk, Paul Heidhues, and Rajshri Jayaraman. In this paper, we study the effects of defaults on charitable giving in a large-scale field experiment on an online fundraising platform. We document a strong effect of defaults on individual behavior but nevertheless find that aggregate donation levels are unaffected by defaults. In contrast, co-donations increase in the default amount. We complement our experimental results with a structural model that investigates whether personalizing defaults based on individuals’ donation histories can increase donation revenues. In the third essay, which is joint work with Rajshri Jayaraman and Michael Kaiser, we investigate charitable donations to natural disasters on a large online platform. We document that the bulk of charitable donations go to a tiny fraction of natural disasters, which tend to be severe disasters that receive media coverage. Using an event study design, we find evidence consistent with temporal fatigue and donor fatigue, but not with crowding out.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, двух глав, библиографического списка, приложений. Во введении обоснована актуальность выбранной темы, поставлены цель и задачи исследования. В первой главе представлены теоретические основания исследования благотворительности бизнеса. Для этого в главе обоснована роль социального государства, трансформация которого стала условием появления и развития благотворительности бизнеса. Проанализирована роль бизнеса в развитии благотворительности в России и других странах. Во второй главе благотворительная деятельность представлена как форма реализации социальной ответственности бизнеса. Представлены результаты анализа корпоративных благотворительных фондов как организационной формы благотворительной деятельности бизнеса, а также по материалам эмпирического исследования выявлены факторы деятельности корпоративного благотворительного фонда «Дети России». В заключении приведены основные выводы, полученные в результате теоретического и эмпирического исследования. Общий объем работы составляет 132 страницы. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a bibliography, annexes. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, sets the goal and objectives of the study. The first chapter presents the theoretical foundations of research into business philanthropy. For this, the chapter substantiates the role of the welfare state, the transformation of which has become a condition for the emergence and development of business charity. The role of business in the development of charity in Russia and other countries is analyzed. In the second chapter, charitable activity is presented as a form of implementing the social responsibility of business. The results of the analysis of corporate charitable foundations as an organizational form of business charitable activities are presented, as well as, based on the materials of an empirical study, the factors of the activity of the corporate charitable foundation "Children of Russia" are revealed. In the conclusion, the main conclusions obtained as a result of theoretical and empirical research are presented. The total volume of work is 132 pages.

Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, двух глав, библиографического списка, приложения. Во введении обоснована актуальность выбранной темы, поставлена цель и задачи исследования. В первой главе представлены теоретические основания исследования благотворительности как формы социальной ответственности бизнеса. Для этого в главе определены основные характеристики благотворительности как научного понятия, приведены виды благотворительности. Подробно охарактеризована политика социальной ответственности современных бизнес-корпораций, в рамках которой осуществляется благотворительность. Представлены различные формы благотворительной деятельности в рамках социальной ответственности бизнеса. Во второй главе представлены результаты эмпирического исследования, анализирующие особенности осуществления благотворительной деятельности крупными бизнес-компаниями Свердловской области. В заключении приведены основные выводы, полученные в результате теоретического и эмпирического исследования. Общий объем работы составляет 98 страниц. / The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a bibliography, an appendix. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, sets the goal and objectives of the study. The first chapter presents the theoretical foundations of the study of philanthropy as a form of business social responsibility. For this, the chapter defines the main characteristics of charity as a scientific concept, and lists the types of charity. The policy of social responsibility of modern business corporations, within the framework of which charity is carried out, is described in detail. Various forms of charitable activities within the framework of business social responsibility are presented. The second chapter presents the results of an empirical study analyzing the peculiarities of charitable activities by large business companies in the Sverdlovsk region. In the conclusion, the main conclusions obtained as a result of theoretical and empirical research are presented. The total volume of work is 98 pages.

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[pt] Esta pesquisa consiste no estudo do processo de reordenamento vivido no cotidiano de um Centro Espírita localizado em território urbano. O reordenamento, como um paradigma consignado pelo Sistema Único de Assistência Social/SUAS, estabelece um padrão de qualificação dos serviços socioassistenciais. Isto significa para as instituições do universo filantrópico religioso o imperativo de transitar de uma prática tradicional sociorreligiosa para efetivação de um serviço socioassistencial, em conformidade com o marco regulatório do SUAS. O que implica, em um processo de mudança da cultura organizacional mediante ações pedagógicas, a partir do qual a caridade permanece, mas em seu significado original de princípio ético que fundamenta um padrão de sociabilidade reconhecedor do outro como sujeito de direitos. A base teórica do estudo contou com três conceitos, considerados fundamentais, por se constituírem em pedras angulares de três modelos de proteção social que marcaram a trajetória da assistência social no Brasil: CARIDADE, FILANTROPIA e JUSTIÇA. Destacou a construção da proteção sociorreligiosa espírita no Brasil, consoante as experiências humanas de proteção primária e secundária que atravessaram culturas e práticas sociais ao longo do tempo. Reconheceu a implementação de um modelo de proteção social não contributiva no Brasil como uma conquista civilizatória que afirma direitos para segmentos populacionais em situação de desproteções que configuram expressões da questão social. Para tanto, utilizou um tipo de investigação denominada de Observação Participante. No caso, aplicada em uma experiência singular de reordenamento de uma instituição religiosa espírita - Rocinha /Rio de Janeiro - que tem, além da finalidade de estudar e divulgar o Espiritismo, a de ofertar serviços e benefícios socioaasistencias, participando da rede de proteção social básica territorial. / [en] This Research project aims to analyses the reordering process experienced on the daily life of a spiritualist religious institution located in urban territory. The reordering, as a paradigm used by the Unique System of Social Assistance - SUAS (Portuguese abbreviation), establishes a standard of management and qualification of these social services. This means for the institutions of the religious philanthropic universe the need to move from a traditional socio-religious practice for realization of social assistance services in accordance with the regulatory framework of SUAS. What implies an organizational culture change process, through educational activities, from which charity remains, but in its original meaning of ethical principle that bases a pattern of social skills, that recognizes the other as a citizen with rights. The theoretical basis of the study will have three concepts considered fundamental, as they represent the origin of the models of social protection that marked the trajectory of social assistance in Brazil: Charity, Philanthropy and Justice. The study will highlight the construction of spiritualist socio-religious protection in Brazil, according to the human experiences of primary and secondary protection that have crossed cultures and social practices over time. The implementation of a non-contributory social protection model in Brazil will be recognized as a civilizational achievement that affirms rights for population segments in situations of lack of protection that configure expressions of the social issue. To achieve that, a type of research called Participant Observation will be used, applied in a unique experience of reordering a spiritualist religious institution located in Rocinha - city of Rio de Janeiro - which has, in addition to the purpose of study and disseminate Spiritualism, the purpose to offer services and social assistance benefits participating in the basic social and territorial protection services network.