The aim of this thesis is to get an overall view over preschool teacher’s perceptions about children's physical activity in preschool and also understand what impact the physical environment has on it. In Sweden children participate in preschool at an early age and spends the majority of their waken time there. Preschool therefore becomes an important platform to promote children’s early physical activities as it has great effect on their future lifestyle. The physical environment plays a significant role for children’s opportunity to be physically active and therefor also becomes an important part of this study. In this study I used a qualitative semi structured interview with six preschool teachers who worked in different preschools.  The theoretical background is based on Osnes, Skaug, and Kaarbys (2012) five positioning categories which are guidance, spectator, playmate, play in parallel with the child as well as initiate play. Each and one of this positioning categories have an impact on children’s play and the movements they use in those plays (2012). I also use Gitz-Johansen, Kampmann and Kirkeby theory where they describe the complex relationship between children and the pedagogical room (2001 in Eriksson 2013).   My study shows that the overall attitude toward physical activity is positive and is considered by the preschool teachers to be an essential part in children’s childhood. The preschool teachers are aware that they are the gatekeepers to physical activity and how their attitude can regulate children’s movements due to norms and values of the society they belong to. They expressed their dissatisfaction toward the preschool organization and highlighted the external factors that regulates the children’s movements which they expressed where out of their ability to impact such as large children groups, small staff density, narrow space to move in and so forth. They believe that children’s play is the gateway to physical activity and their positioning can help children to develop their physical abilities.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine compulsory schooling in the United States and its potential to provide an inconsistent avenue to employment for students from neighborhoods of differing socioeconomic status. Specifically, this study asked why do students from privileged neighborhoods typically end up in positions of ownership and management while those from impoverished urban or rural neighborhoods end up in working-class positions or involved in cycles of incarceration and poverty? This research involved the use of qualitative methods, including participant observation and interview, as well as photography, to take a look at a reputable private day school in the southwest. Data was collected over the span of eight weeks and was then analyzed and compared with preexisting data on the schooling experience of students from impoverished urban and rural neighborhoods, particularly data focused on juvenile detention centers. Results showed that compulsory schooling differs in ways that contribute to the preexisting hierarchical class structure. The research suggests that schooling can be detrimental to the future quality of life for students in impoverished neighborhoods, which questions a compulsory school system that exists within the current hierarchical class system. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education 2011

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coelho_jom_me_rcla.pdf: 20177455 bytes, checksum: 64e50fac6a92d2bdb635716d559dac70 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os aqüíferos subterrâneos são reservas estratégicas de recursos hídricos, devendo haver um planejamento adequado para o seu uso e conservação. As zonas de recarga e de concentração de água subterrânea são de suma importância na dinâmica dos sistemas aqüíferos, sendo responsáveis, respectivamente, pelo reabastecimento e pelo armazenamento do recurso. Técnicas de fotointerpretação a partir de produtos de sensoriamento remoto podem ser muito úteis aos estudos hidrológicos, fornecendo informações relevantes a respeito do meio físico, principalmente em escala de reconhecimento. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar as zonas de captura e concentração de águas subterrâneas em rochas cristalinas, a partir de técnicas de fotointerpretação em produtos de sensoriamento remoto. Para tal, foram estabelecidas unidades geoambientais, a partir da compartimentação do meio físico e posterior classificação de suas propriedades geotécnicas, e foi realizado também um mapeamento morfoestrutural de feições rúpteis e dúcteis. A combinação do Mapa de Unidades Geoambientais e do Mapa Morfoestrutural resultou no Mapa de Zonas de Captura e Concentração de Águas Subterrâneas, onde a convergência de evidências favoráveis à infiltração, percolação e concentração de águas indica as potenciais zonas de recarga, circulação e concentração de águas subterrâneas, colaborando com a prospecção e com o planejamento do uso deste recurso. As principais zonas de recarga e de concentração de recursos hídricos identificadas pelo mapeamento foram o Alto Estrutural de Natividade da Serra, potencialmente uma excelente zona de recarga, e o Baixo Estrutural de Lagoinha/São Luis do Paraitinga, com grande potencial à concentração de recursos hídricos. Estudos de maior detalhe nas áreas potenciais identificadas pelo mapeamento podem confirmar... / The fractured aquifers are strategic reserves of water resources, and there should be proper planning for its use and conservation. Areas of concentration and recharge of groundwater is of paramount importance in the dynamics of aquifer systems, responsible respectively for storage and replenishment of the resource. Photointerpretation techniques from remote sensing products can be very useful for hydrological studies, providing relevant information about the physical environment, especially in wide recognition. Thus, this research aims to identify and characterize areas of capture and concentration of groundwater in crystalline rocks, from photointerpretation techniques in remote sensing products. For such geoenvironmental units were established from the partitioning of the physical environment and subsequent classification of their geotechnical properties, and was also performed a morphostructural mapping of brittle and ductile features. The combination of the Geoenvironmental Units Map and the Morphostructural Map resulted in the Groundwater Capture and Concentration Map, where the convergence of evidence favorable to infiltration, percolation and water concentration indicates potential areas of recharge, movement and concentration of groundwater, collaborating with the prospecting and planning of the use of this resource. The main areas of recharge and concentration of water resources were identified by mapping the High Structural of Natividade Sierra, potentially an excellent recharge area, and the Lower Structural of Lagoinha/São Luis do Paraitinga, with great potential to the concentration of water resources. Studies in greater detail of the potential areas identified by the mapping can confirm whether or not the presence of water resource, directing the actions of environmental planning and exploitation of water

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bongiovanni_s_dr_rcla.pdf: 6925595 bytes, checksum: b17dff97b8412856e4b86d0e9fff8b04 (MD5) / Para a ocupação racional de uma área ou região, de forma a minimizar o impacto ambiental e aproveitar da melhor maneira possível os seus recursos naturais é indispensável um bom conhecimento do meio físico. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar a caracterização geológica do município de Assis, com a finalidade de se produzir informações e cartografia pertinente, que pudessem orientar, entre outros, a administração municipal na tomada de decisões sociopolíticas e administrativas,no ordenamento territorial do município. Atividades de campo e laboratório resultaram na confecção de um mapa geológico do município em escala 1:50.000, com as seguintes unidades litológicas: Formação Serra Geral, Formação Adamantina, Aloformação Paranavaí – unidade 1; Aloformação Paranavaí – unidade 2, aluviões atuais e uma unidade constituída pela mistura, em proporção variada, de alteração do basalto mais o material arenoso da aloformação. Estas unidades foram caracterizadas com base em observações de campo, análises granulométricas, petrográficas em amostras e frações silte grosso e areia muito fina, difração de raios X na fração fina e química de elementos maiores e alguns menores. Os dados obtidos foram interpretados de forma integrada possibilitando interpretações genéticas e discussão relativas à ocupação espacial. / For the rational occupation of an area or region, in order to minimize the environmental impact and make the best possible use of its natural resources, it is essential a sound knowledge of the physical environment. The purpose of this research was to carry out a geological characterization of the municipality of Assis, in order to produce relevant information and mapping, which may be useful, among others, for the municipal administration in decision-making policies for its territorial organization. Activities of field work and laboratory analysis resulted in the preparation of a geological map of the municipality, on scale 1:50.000, with the following lithological units: Serra Geral Formation; Adamantina Formation, Paranavaí Alloformation - Unit 1;Paranavaí Alloformation - Unit 2, present Alluvium and a unit constituted by varied proportion mixture of basalt alteration and sandier material. These units were characterized on the basis of field observations, granulometric and petrographic analyses of samples and thick fractions of silt and very fine sand, X-ray diffraction in the fine fraction and chemistry of elements both larger and smaller. The data were interpreted in an integrated manner making possible genetic interpretations and discussion on space occupation.

This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of workplace design and strategy solutions that have evolved over the last century. It will discuss the various factors which have prompted companies to take significant interest in the design and layout of their office space today. Additionally, this paper will discuss controversies over open office space design as well as the cubicle. I will further explore the possible direction corporate offices are headed in the future, and the prominent organizational trends that will reconstruct the way we understand the functions of the office and the buildings that house them. As the nature of work is evolving and people are spending more time in offices, it is vital that we find the best solutions to enhance their experiences and meet the physiological and psychological needs of the workforce.[1]This paper provides recommendations for improvement of office space and suggestions for combating past mistakes. [1] "Psychology Of The Office Space." Facility Executive - Creating Intelligent Buildings. February 09, 2016. Accessed April 22, 2018. https://facilityexecutive.com/2016/01/psychology-of-the-office-space/.

A modern person spends most time closed inside houses, offices, schools and other institutions, and if he feels unwell or experiences accute health and comfort effects, his every day life can be highly influenced both mentally and physically. Most symptoms of illnesses or indispositions appear in people living or working inside buildings for no apparent reason. Having left the building, health problems often diminish or even disappear. The complaints mostly include irritation of eye mucous membranes, upper and lower airways and skin, hypersensitiveness, mental and physical fatique, stomach upset and diziness. It is known as a ``sick building syndrome``. ``Sick building syndrome`` (SBS) results into significant decrease of human performance and frequent absences. However, it can lead to worse interpersonal relations, often connected with lower productivity of labour. ``Sick building syndrome`` has been known for many years. Its occurence is numerous but the cause for it have not yet been revealed. More negative factors seem to coincide. The positive moment is that many people are aware of the problem so many new SBS studies and publications have appeared recently. This diploma thesis consists of two parts. The first one, theoretical, and the other is practical. The practical part is focused on research work. The goal of my thesis was to compare a modern air-conditioned building with an older one, without air-conditioning while observing the SBS symptoms which appeared in office occupants in České Budějovice. I also investigated public awareness of this problem together with other issues related. I consider the findings very contributive to professionals in this field, the National Institute of Public Health and common population interested in the problem.

Neste trabalho, é analisado o processo de avaliação de impacto ambiental - AIA do Aterro Industrial Brunelli, que se caracterizou como bastante complexo, em razão da polêmica em torno dos impactos ambientais incidentes em sua área de influência, principalmente os relativos à contaminação do solo e da água. São descritos os principais elementos do projeto e as características dos entornos da área selecionada para a implantação do aterro, bem como analisados os principais fatores que fundamentaram a decisão da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente pela viabilidade ambiental do empreendimento. São apresentadas, ainda, avaliações de outras instituições que contribuíram, com seus pareceres técnicos, no processo de tomada de decisão. A partir dessa análise, é apresentada uma avaliação crítica dos principais fatores que resultaram na morosidade do licenciamento e propostos critérios para o aperfeiçoamento dos processos de AIA de unidades de disposição de resíduos. / This work is focused on the environmental impact assessment of the Brunelli Industrial Landfill Project, which proved to be a very complex process, mainly because of the expected environmental impact in the neighborhood of the plant, especially those related to soil and water contamination. The project major elements are presented, as well as the basic characteristics of the selected area for landfill development, besides a complete analysis of the principal facts that supported the São Paulo State Secretariat of the Environment final decision on the matter. Several technical contributions by a number of other Institutions are also presented, regarding the environmental viability of the project, which were very important in the decision making process. A critical review and analysis of all the information allowed identifying the factors that were responsible for the delay in final decision taken by the State Secretariat. As a consequence, some proposals are made in order to improve the assessment of environmental impacts of similar facilities.

O envelhecimento populacional é um tema que cada vez mais vem sendo pensado e discutido visando garantir qualidade de vida e bem-estar a esse contingente de cidadãos que com frequência convivem com a redução de suas capacidades funcionais e requerem cuidados especiais. Devido às mudanças nos arranjos familiares, verifica-se o aumentando da demanda por instituições de longa permanência para idosos, fato decorrente em parte pela redução de cuidadores no local de moradia. Dado que idosos institucionalizados, em sua maioria, apresentam saúde fragilizada acentuando o risco maior de quedas, esse trabalho teve como objetivo levantar parâmetros recomendáveis para a configuração do quarto e do banheiro do idoso buscando garantir segurança e autonomia ao usuário. A escolha do quarto e do banheiro se deu pela grande incidência de acidentes nesses ambientes relatada na bibliografia estudada e nos estudos de caso feitos em duas instituições na cidade de São Paulo. Para alcançar o objetivo buscou-se normas e bibliografia nacional e internacional que abrangessem os assuntos sobre acessibilidade ao meio físico, desenho universal e ergonomia, além de caracterizar dados sobre capacidade funcional com foco no idoso. As informações adquiridas na revisão bibliográfica foram confrontadas com os dados levantados nos estudos de caso como forma de identificar, na prática, as recomendações que estão dando resultado positivo e pontos que precisam ser melhorados. Os resultados obtidos a partir da abordagem teórica e prática proporcionaram o levantamento de recomendações para o ambiente, mobiliários e instalações do quarto e do banheiro do idoso que ofereçam segurança e autonomia aos usuários nas atividades diárias. Pretende-se que os dados apresentados nesse trabalho possam ser aplicados na prática projetual e colaborem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto. / Population aging is an issue that is being increasingly considered and discussed to ensure quality of life and well-being to this contingent of citizens who often deal with the reduction of its functional capabilities and require special care. Due to changes in family arrangements, it appears the increasing demand for long-term care institutions for the elderly, a fact due in part by the reduction of family carers. Since most institutionalized elderly have poor health, it contributes to the increase risk of falls, this work aimed to indicate recommended parameters for configuring the bedroom and bathroom of the elderly seeking to ensure user`s security and independence. The choice of the bedroom and bathroom was motivated by the high accident incidence in these environments reported by the studied literature and case studies carried out in two institutions in the city of São Paulo. To achieve the goal national and international standards were studied, as well as literature that covered the issues of accessibility to the physical environment, universal design and ergonomics, besides characterizing data on functional capacity with focus on the elderly. The information gathered in the literature review was compared with data collected in the case studies as a way to identify in practice the recommendations that are giving positive results and points that need to be improved. The results obtained from the theoretical and practical approach led to environment, furniture and facilities recommendations for the elderly\'s bedroom and bathroom that offer users security and independence in daily activities. It is intended that the data presented here in this study can be applied in design practice and collaborate to expand subject knowledge.

Ökande känslor av otrygghet på offentliga platser är ett växande problem för planerare. Orsaker till otrygghet och rädsla för brott kan vara många och de faller inte alltid samman med den faktiska risken för att utsättas för brott. Detta examensarbete undersöker var invånare upplever sig otrygga. Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka var människor upplever sig otrygga i utomhusmiljö, samt att undersöka hur den bebyggda miljön bidrar till dessa känslor av otrygghet. Befintlig litteratur och forskning utgör bakgrund för studien där både orsaker till känslor av otrygghet uppstår samt planeringslösningar för att skapa större känslor av trygghet hämtas. Genom fallstudie där invånarna i stadsdelen har fått markera var de upplever otrygghet i sin stadsdel samt observationsstudie för att få en uppfattning om området undersöktes var invånarna i Rinkeby upplever sig otrygga. Studien genomfördes på plats i Rinkeby, Stockholm, under våren 2016. Studien visade att de flesta av fallen där invånarna känner sig otrygga i sin stadsdel är i centrala delarna av stadsdelen, samt till en mindre utsträckning på parkeringsytor samt parker och grönområden. Fyra områden identifierades där åtgärder för att öka trygghetskänslor bör utföras. Med hjälp av observationsstudien har åtgärder för att höja dessa platsers upplevda trygghet föreslagits. / Increasing feelings of insecurity in public places is a growing problem for planners. The reasons behind feelings of insecurity and fear of crime can be numerous and is not always connected to the actual risk of crime victimization. This thesis examines where the inhabitants feels unsafe. The goal of this thesis has been to examine where the inhabitants feel insecure outdoors, as well as to examine how the built environment contributes to these feelings of insecurity. Existing literature and research constitute the background for this study where the reasons behind why the feelings of insecurity occur as well as the solutions that spatial planning offers. Through case studies where the inhabitants of the district were asked to mark the locations of where they experience feelings of insecurity in their district, as well as an observational study to gain insight of the area, inhabitants of Rinkeby were questioned where they feel unsafe. The study was conducted in Rinkeby, Stockholm, during the spring of 2016. The study showed that most of the inhabitants that were asked felt unsafe in the central parts of the city district, and to a lesser degree at parking spaces and parks and green areas. Four areas were identified where measures to improve the feelings of safety should occur. With the help of the observational study, measures to increase the level of experienced safety have been proposed.

Syftet med undersökningen är att bidra med kunskap om vilka fysiska aktiviteter som möjliggörs och erbjuds i förskolans miljö, genom att undersöka hur förskollärare resonerar om vilken betydelse miljön har för barns fysiska aktivitet i förskolan. Utifrån syftet har två frågeställningar formulerats: hur resonerar förskollärare om arbetet med barns fysiska aktivitet i förskolans miljö samt vilken betydelse har miljön för barns fysiska aktivitet enligt förskollärarna. Undersökningen utgår från en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta förskollärare. Undersökningens resultat har analyserats utifrån centrala sociokulturella begrepp som den fysiska miljön och medierande artefakter. Resultatet visar att förskolans miljö har en betydelse för barns fysiska aktivitet och att olika faktorer i den fysiska miljön påverkar hur fysiskt aktiva barnen blir i förskolan. Det som påverkar barns fysiska aktivitet i miljön utifrån förskollärarnas utsagor, är bland annat miljöns utformning och vilka redskap som finns tillgängliga i miljön. Barns fysiska aktivitet sker enligt förskollärarna mestadels i lekhallen och i skogen där olika artefakter bjuder in barnen till rörelse på olika sätt. Undersökningens resultat visar att förskollärarna besitter en medvetenhet om miljöns betydelse för barns fysiska aktivitet. / The purpose of the survey is to contribute with knowledge about which physical activities that are made possible and are offered in the preschool environment, by examining how preschool teachers’ reason about the importance of the environment for children’s physical activity in preschool. Two questions have been formulated based on the purpose: How do preschool teachers’ reason about the work with children’s physical activity in the preschool environment and what significance does the environment have for children’s physical activity according to the preschool teachers? The survey is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with eight preschool teachers. The results of the survey have been analyzed on the basis of key socio-cultural concepts such as the physical environment and mediating artifacts. The result shows that the preschool environment is important for children’s physical activity and that various factors in the physical environment affect how physically the children become in preschool. What affects children’s physical activity in the environment based on the preschool teacher’s statement, among other things, the design of the environment and tools that are available in the environment. According to the preschool teachers, children’s physical activity takes place mostly in the playroom and in the forest, where different artifacts invite children to use different movements. The results of the survey shows that preschool teachers have an awareness of the importance of the environment for children’s physical activity.