Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar qual a percepção ambiental dos gestores de meios de hospedagem no município de Caxias do Sul (RS), com relação à qualidade ambiental e sua importância na operacionalização das próprias atividades. A técnica empregada para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista estruturada, embasada num roteiro de 44 questões. Foram feitas entrevistas com 21 sujeitos (gestores de meios de hospedagem). Os resultados demonstram que 76,19% das indicações dos sujeitos revelam estar desinformados sobre o gerenciamento de práticas ambientais em meios de hospedagem e assuntos gerais relacionados às questões ambientais; possibilitam ainda evidenciar a relação direta entre nível geral de informação dos sujeitos entrevistados e o grau de escolaridade. Os resultados permitiram identificar lacunas nos programas de ensino e na gestão ambiental, na área de turismo e hotelaria, quando o assunto é responsabilidade com o meio ambiente, conhecimento e cumprimento da legislação ambiental; bem como a relação existente entre a percepção ambiental e as intenções de conduta dos gestores de meios de hospedagem. Em síntese, para que a percepção ambiental desses gestores seja efetiva, propõe-se a modernização dos cursos de turismo e hotelaria com a inserção da dimensão ambiental, bem como, a intervenção junto a eles, no que diz respeito a atividades de sensibilização para hóspedes e funcionários, informações sobre a legislação ambiental, responsabilidade das atividades hoteleiras em relação ao impacto ambiental das mesmas e, ao planejamento do turismo contemplando a variável ambiental. / The objective of this study is to verify the environmental perception of the managers of lodging establishments in Caxias do Sul (RS), regarding environmental quality and its importance in the operationalization of their own activities. A structured interview based on a script of 44 questions applied to 21 people (lodging establishment managers) was the technique used for data collection. Results show that 76.19% of interviewees revealed to be uninformed about management of environmental practices in lodging establishments and also general matters related to environmental issues. It is also possible to identify a direct relationship between general knowledge and education of the interviewees. Results have lead to the identification of gaps in teaching programs and in environmental management in the areas of Tourism and Hotel Management, regarding environmental responsibility, acknowledgement and complying with environmental laws. It was also possible to identify the relationship between environmental perception and conduct intentions from managers of lodging establishments. In synthesis, in order to these managers have an effective environmental perception, we propose an update on Tourism and Hotel Management courses with the insertion of environmental aspects, as well as interventions concerning sensibilization activities to guests and staff, information regarding environmental legislation, responsibility to hotel activities relating to its environmental impact and tourism planning, taking into consideration the environment variable.

The master´s thesis deals with implementation of ERP system in the company using project management methods. The theoretical part is focused on the most important areas of project management and the essence of ERP systems. Afterwards there are carried out strategic analysis of the company. The main part of thesis contains the specific proposal of project of implementation of ERP system which includes risk analysis, time analysis and budgeting.

Energy efficiency has developed into an important objective for industrial enterprises. However, there is still a need for systematic approaches to reduce energy consumption in factories. Existing methods focus on the optimization of manufacturing processes and lack upon considering the entire factory system. Additionally, they are based on a detailed quantitative analysis of processes and thus, they need a high effort during the phase of data acquisition. Therefore, an approach for reducing energy consumption by providing energy efficiency measures to factory planning participants was developed in order to overcome these barriers. The general approach is described in this paper and supported with a use case that demonstrates the required information and possible outcomes in terms of energy efficiency information. Main advantages of this approach are reducing the effort to acquire energy data and the possibility to consider the factory system holistically.

Utbrottet av covid-19 pandemin har medfört stora förändringar i världen och ställt förändrade och nya krav på samtliga branscher, inte minst byggbranschen. Att driva byggprojekt är en utmaning i sig, i synnerhet under en pandemi med de osäkra förhållanden som situationen medfört vilket ställt ytterligare krav på hur byggprojekt har planerats och styrts. Examensarbetet syftar till att undersöka hur man i produktion av radhusprojekt arbetat med planering och styrning av aktiviteter under pandemin samt vilka paralleller som kan dras till utvalda begrepp inom en teori vid namn Lean. Arbetet innefattar sedermera en kartläggning av de effekter pandemin haft på specifika flöden och förutsättningar vilka i teorin ska finnas på plats innan en aktivitet kan starta. Det klargörs även vilka åtgärder som vidtagits av byggledningen i syfte att hantera kartlagda effekter samt vilka lärdomar de tar med sig till framtida byggprojekt. Studien är utförd i samarbete med NCC och bygger på tre fallstudier vilka utförts genom kvalitativ datainsamling i form av intervjuer med byggledningen som drivit radhusprojekt under pandemin. Detta i kombination med litteraturstudier i syfte att erhålla en teoretisk bas, undersöka tidigare studier och redogöra för vad Lean är samt utvalda begrepp för att sedan finna liknelser mellan teori och praktik. Lean är ett effektiviseringskoncept härstammande från tillverkningsindustrin och som med viss variation har anpassats till byggproduktion och benämns Lean-construction. Resultatet visar att planering och styrning av aktiviteter börjar med ett gediget planeringsarbete och arbetsberedningar upprättas i syfte att säkerställa flöden och förutsättningar inför aktivitetsstart. Under aktivitetens gång sker egenkontroller där byggledningen följer upp samt säkerställer framdriften av aktiviteten och avslut kan endast ske då kontrollen blivit godkänd. Lean-koncept kan i mångt och mycket återfinnas i produktionen och verkar falla naturligt i projekten. Flera paralleller kan dras, bland annat läggs stort fokus på att kontinuerligt förbättra arbetet och att respektera medarbetarna. Parallellerna utgör grundförutsättningar för att Lean-konceptet ska fungera. Bland de effekter som uppstått till följd av pandemin har flödet av arbetskraft och material påverkats i störst utsträckning. Pandemins osäkerheter har medfört att mer arbete lagts på att planera om samt hantera de risker pandemin medfört, tillskillnad från innan pandemin, medan de enskilda arbetsmomenten i mångt och mycket utförts som tidigare. De främsta lärdomar byggledningen tar med sig efter att ha drivit projekt under en pandemi är fördelen med digitala möten, det ökade nyttjandet av kompetens inom den egna organisationen samt insikten om att den tätt sammankopplade byggproduktionen är sårbar för yttre faktorer. / The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic brought great challenges to our everyday life as well as new demands regarding how to manage a construction site during such difficult time. The aim of this study is to investigate how the planning and management of activities in terraced house projects have been conducted during the pandemic as well as finding correlations to chosen notions in a theoretic concept called Lean. Furthermore, the study includes a mapping of which effects the pandemic has had on specific flows and conditions. Additionally, the study includes which actions the management took to handle the mapped effects, lessons learned from the situation and which knowledge they will bring into future projects. The study is carried out in collaboration with NCC and is based on three case studies. Interviews have been held with on-site managers that have run projects during the pandemic, in combination with literature studies. The result of the study shows that planning for an activity on-site starts with a solid planning phase to ensure flows and conditions. During the activity the management makes sure to follow-up with inspections to guarantee progress. An activity can only be deemed finished when a final inspection is held, and the activity is approved. The concepts of Lean can in many ways be recognized in the projects, for example the management puts great focus on continuous improvements and respect for people. The flow of crews and materials has been more effected by the pandemic than any of the other flows and conditions. To counter the uncertainties of the situation the management has had to reorganize and reschedule activities in combination with performing risk assessment. The main lessons that the management has learnt is the usefulness of digital meetings, the importance of utilizing capabilities within the own organization as well as the knowledge of how vulnerable the tightly interconnected construction process really is.

<p>  </p> <p>Driving simulators have been introduced by some American states’ department of transportation (DOT) as a supplementary tool to train their snowplow drivers. This is a costly investment that requires careful planning. Yet, there is a current lack of recent studies that holistically evaluate factors affecting the decision-making process on adopting the driving simulator in winter snowplow driver training. The current research aims to fill this gap by employing the theoretical framework of Technology-Organization-Environment (T-O-E) to explore factors affecting state DOTs’ decision-making process of adopting snowplow driving simulator in driver training. Relevant factors were identified first using a scoping review of literature, and then validated by interviews with DOT stakeholders. Subsequent findings from the state DOT survey suggests that perceived long-term effect on public safety, cost related to simulator training, and ease of the relocation of simulator are the top contributors when it comes to the factors affecting decision-making on adoption of snowplow driving simulator in training. The resulted T-O-E framework contains 11 factors cross-verified from various sources, in which most factors such as simulator fidelity and relative advantage were categorized to technology context under the T-O-E framework, while the main environment factor relates to normative and mimetic pressure. The paper contributes to academic research by applying T-O-E to offer decision making support for using simulator technology for training of snowplow drivers; and to practitioners by providing state DOT decision makers a framework to analyze different factors on adopting snowplow driving simulators in training.</p>

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar e debater as possibilidades e potencialidades do Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) para impulsionar parcerias entre os setores público e privado que promovam benefícios para a gestão do território, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa busca explorar como os referenciais, também chamada de agenda, ESG podem ser aplicados na gestão territorial, tendo como estudo de caso a parceria entre a empresa Osklen e a Prefeitura do Rio para a recuperação das restingas de Ipanema e Leblon, demonstrando que a colaboração entre o público e privado pode ser uma estratégia eficaz na promoção da conservação e do desenvolvimento sustentável de áreas e ecossistemas da cidade. Por meio de uma cuidadosa revisão bibliográfica, análise de estudo de caso e saídas a campo, esta dissertação busca identificar as principais oportunidades e benefícios da agenda ESG na conjuntura das parcerias entre o setor público e privado. Os resultados e conclusões deste estudo podem contribuir para a compreensão do ESG como uma oportunidade para promover arranjos mais sólidas e eficientes entre os setores público e privado. / [en] The present study aims to analyze and discuss the possibilities and potential of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) to boost partnerships between the public and private sectors that promote benefits for territory management. In this sense, this research seeks to explore how these ESG principles and guidelines can be applied in territory management, taking as a case study the partnership between the company Osklen and the Rio City Hall for the recovery of the Ipanema and Leblon restingas, demonstrating that collaboration between the public and private sectors can be an effective strategy to promote the conservation and sustainable development of these areas. Through a literature review, case study analysis, and fieldwork, this work aims to identify the main opportunities and benefits of adopting the ESG Agenda in the context of cooperation between the public and private sectors. The results and conclusions of this study can contribute to understanding the potential of the ESG agenda as a tool to promote stronger and more efficient arrangements between the public and private sectors in territory management.

Introdução: A gestão público-privada na saúde brasileira, fortalecida após a criação das Organizações Sociais (OSs) no País, em 1998, se intensifica também na rede de atenção primária da cidade de São Paulo. Segundo a Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, das 449 UBSs existentes na capital paulista em 2014, 280 (62,3%) eram administradas via contrato de gestão ou convênios com entidades sem fins lucrativos. Faltam, no entanto, estudos que explorem o impacto da adoção desse modelo nas unidades de atenção primária. Objetivos: Analisar estrutura, processo e resultado das unidades de atenção primária da cidade de São Paulo segundo a modalidade de gestão e a entidade gestora. Métodos: Foi adotado estudo descritivo e exploratório em que foram analisados três bancos de dados do segundo ciclo do Programa Nacional para Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) referentes às Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de São Paulo, o que significou uma amostra de 264 unidades/911 equipes. Foram escolhidos 28 indicadores para análise (um de estrutura, dez de processo e 17 de resultado). As UBSs e equipes de atenção primária foram classificadas de acordo com sua modalidade de gestão e entidade gestora e os resultados de cada grupo em cada um dos indicadores foram separados. Foram realizados testes estatísticos (quiquadrado e Anova) para verificar a significância das diferenças encontradas. Resultados: Dos 28 indicadores analisados, 10 registraram diferença significativa entre equipes com diferentes modalidades de gestão. Em oito deles, houve melhor desempenho das equipes de unidades com gestão público-privada. Já na análise por entidade gestora, 25 dos 28 indicadores analisados tiveram diferenças significativas, com diferenças importantes entre unidades de administração públicoprivada, mas com entidades gestoras diferentes. Conclusões: Os resultados indicam que a contratualização na atenção básica pode colaborar com o aumento do acesso e produtividade dos serviços. No entanto, as evidências não são fortes o suficiente para concluir que um modelo é superior ao outro. Ficou claro que a entidade gestora parece ter um peso maior no desempenho das unidades e equipes do que simplesmente a modalidade de gestão. / Introduction: Public-private management in Brazilian healthcare system, strengthened after the creation of Social Organizations (OSs) in the country in 1998, is also strong in the primary care services of the city of São Paulo. According to the Municipal Health Department, from the 449 primary care services of the state capital in 2014, 280 (62.3%) were administered by non-profit entities through agreements with the government. There are, however, few studies that explore the impact of adopting this model in the primary care services. Objectives: Analyze structure, process and outcomes of primary care services in the city of São Paulo according to the management modality and the management entity. Methods: A descriptive and exploratory study was carried out in which three databases of the second cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) were analyzed for the Basic Health Units of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. which meant a sample of 264 units / 911 teams. We selected 28 indicators for analysis (one of structure, ten of process and 17 of outcomes). The UBSs and primary care teams were classified according to their management modality and managing entity and the results of each group in each of the indicators were separated. Statistical tests (chisquare and Anova) were performed to verify the significance of the differences found. Results: From the 28 indicators analyzed, ten registered a significant difference between teams with different management modalities. In seven of them, there was better performance of the teams of units with public-private management. In the analysis by management entity, 25 of the 28 indicators analyzed had significant differences, with significant differences among public-private administration services with different management entities. Conclusions: The results indicate that contracting in primary care may contribute to increased access and productivity of services. However, the evidence is not strong enough to conclude that one model is superior to the other. It became clear that the management entity seems to have a greater weight in the performance of the services and teams than simply the management modality.

Este é um estudo sobre o processo histórico de constituição e desenvolvimento da gerencia de serviços públicos estaduais, não hospitalares, no Estado de São Paulo. A partir da análise de documentos e da legislação pertinente, procura-se reconhecer as diferentes propostas de organização administrativa e gerencial, formuladas no interior do aparato público estadual, em relação as tecnologias de atenção a saúde hegemonicas nestes serviços ao longo do período histórico estudado. Discute-se a ação gerencial enquanto atividade instrumental inserida no processo de organização do trabalho em saúde. O período analisado vai do início da institucionalização das ações públicas de saúde neste estado, em 1892, a consolidação da gerência de nível local, enquanto ação de coordenação do trabalho coletivo em unidades de saúde, sob responsabilidade estadual, em 1983 / This paper traces the history of the setting up and development of management in the public non-hospital health services of the state of São Paulo. Based on the analysis of documents, publications and pertinent legislation, this thesis aims to identify teh various different proposals for administrative and management organization that have been formulated within the state\'s bureaucratic machine, with regard to predominant health care technology throughout the period unbder consideration. The action of management within the process of organization of health care organization in this state in 1892, and extends to the consolidation of management as a coordination action at the local level, with the organization of colletive work into health care units under state responsibility, in 1983.

Dû aux différents défis de la Santé Publique dans le monde contemporain, aux inadéquations des autorités en raison du manque de cohésion dans la mise en oeuvre des différents programmes de santé publique et des authentiques besoins de la population, nous reconnaissons la légitimité de remettre en question la place accordée aux Fonctions Essentielles de Santé Publique dans le processus d’élaborations des Plans Nationaux de Santé. Par une analyse documentaire, nous comptons scruter les plans nationaux de santé de la République d’Haïti et du Brésil, respectivement intitulé Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2012-2015 et Plan Directeur de Santé (PDS) 2012-2022, en ayant comme cadre d’analyse12 Fonctions Essentielles de Santé Publique définies par l’Organisation Panaméricaine de la Santé (OPS). Notre objectif est de déterminer si les fonctions ont été prises en compte dans le processus d’élaboration des plans, mais également de dégager les particularités structurelles des 2 plans, l’existence d’indicateurs et d’objectifs définis et surtout de mettre en évidence les similitudes et différence d’approches des FESP rencontrées. Structurellement, les deux plans laissent entrevoir certaines divergences. Les douze fonctions considérées pour l’analyse ont été identifiées dans les deux plans, l’une abordée plus profondément que l’autre. Haïti, en dehors du fait qu’il aspire au renforcement de la gouvernance de l’autorité nationale, mise surtout sur la mise en place d’un système national d’information sanitaire en adéquation avec les FESP abordant la thématique de analyse de la situation de santé et veille sanitaire. Le Brésil pour sa part démontre un intérêt particulier pour la réduction des inégalités à travers les différentes actions prévues dans le PNS surtout celles en lien avec les soins de santé primaire et en misant la qualité des soins qui épousent en partie certaines idées véhiculées par les FESP. Parfois dans le PDS on dénote une absence d’indicateurs ou des objectifs frisant l’utopie. Le PNS pour être un document à portée nationale sous l’obédience du gouvernement central projette certaines actions en dehors de son champ d’activité légalement défini. / Frente aos diferentes desafios da saúde pública na contemporaneidade, do desafinamento das autoridades dada a falta de coesão na execução dos diferentes programas em saúde pública e as necessidades reais da população, reconhecemos a importância de questionar o lugar dado às Funções Essenciais da Saúde Pública (FESP) na elaboração dos planos nacionais de saúde. Neste trabalho, mediante uma análise de documentos, utilizando uma metodologia descritiva, foram examinados os Planos Nacionais de Saúde do Haiti e do Brasil, respectivamente denominados Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2012-2015 e Plan Directeur de Santé (PDS) 2012-2022, usando como referencial as Funções Essenciais de Saúde. O objetivo é de determinar se no processo de elaboração dos dois planos foram consideradas as FESP. Foram levantadas as particularidades estruturais dos planos, a existência de metas e de indicadores e ressaltadas as semelhanças e diferenças de cada um. Os dois planos têm estruturas diferentes: o do Haiti abrange mais anos e maior quantidade de páginas. As doze FESP consideradas para análise foram identificadas nos dois planos. Houve diferença substancial na forma de sua abordagem. Haiti aposta muito na implementação de um Sistema de Informação Sanitária para reforçar as duas funções que abordam o tema de análise da situação de saúde e a vigilância em saúde. O Brasil demonstra um interesse especial em melhorar a Atenção Básica a Saúde, através de equipe multidisciplinar, aprimorando o processo de trabalho e diminuindo as inequidades que existem na atenção ao cidadão, ações que abarcam várias FESP. No PDS em alguns momentos não foi possível identificar os indicadores e algumas metas um pouco fora de alcance. O Plano Nacional de Saúde por ser um documento de abrangência nacional pautou algumas ações que não cabem dentro da esfera de responsabilidade do Governo Federal. / Due to the different challenges of public health in the contemporary world, to the inadequacies of the authorities due to the lack of cohesion in the implementation of the various public health programs and the genuine needs of the population, we recognize the legitimacy of questioning the place accorded to the Essential Public Health Functions in the process of drawing up National Health Plans. Through a literature review, we intend to scrutinize the National Health Plans of the Republic of Haiti and Brazil, respectively Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2012-2015 and Plan of Health (PDS) 2012-2022, using as framework of analysis the 12 Essential Public Health Functions as defined by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Our objective is to determine whether the functions have been taken into account in the planning process, but also to identify structural features of the plans, existence of defined indicators and objectives and above all highlight similarities and differences in the approaches of the EPHF’s encountered. Structurally, both plans point to some divergences. The twelve functions considered for analysis were identified in the two plans, one approach deeper than the other. Haiti, apart from the fact that it aspires to strengthen the governance of the national authority, relies above all on the establishment of a national health information system in line with the EPHF’s addressing the issue of health situation analysis and health surveillance. Brazil, for its part, demonstrates a particular interest in reducing inequalities through the various actions provided for in the PNS, especially those related to primary health care, and by focusing on the quality of care that partly espouses certain ideas conveyed by EPHF’s. Sometimes in the PDS there is a lack of indicators or some objectives bordering on fantasy. The PNS to be a document of national scope under the obedience of the federal government projects certain actions outside its field of activity legally defined.

Local authorities exist to promote the social, economic, environmental, and cultural wellbeing of communities. Parks provide a means of achieving this purpose. This study investigates community preferences for Christchurch parks using the Beneficial Outcomes Approach. Outcomes desired by the community are identified, together with the park settings required to achieve them. Different attitudes and preferences of three socio-economic areas are compared. Information was gathered from a household survey of 600 residents from three diverse socioeconomic areas of Christchurch selected by using the New Zealand Deprivation Index. Results show that the overwhelming majority of Christchurch residents regularly use Christchurch parks for a diverse range of activities. Parks fill many different roles associated with the activity, aesthetic and environmental values ascribed to parks by the Christchurch community. The Christchurch community perceives and wants a diverse range of personal, social/cultural, environmental, and economic benefits from parks. Differences were found between the three socio-economic areas in the way they valued and used parks. Respondents from the low socio-economic area were more inclined to use parks as a special place to visit for weekend outings and relaxation in contrast to respondents from the high socio-economic area who were more likely to use parks for daily exercise. Respondents from the medium socio-economic area had mixed use patterns. The study concludes that a city-wide network approach to park provision is required to cater for the diverse range of experiences, settings and activities preferred by the Christchurch community and to optimise the beneficial outcomes of Christchurch parks. The BOA provides a useful method of prioritising outcomes and guiding management actions to be more responsive to community needs.