A pesquisa constituiu-se na investigação das percepções de delegados e delegadas da Polícia Civil acerca da mulher policial, analisando os fatores que permeiam as relações de gênero dentro de uma instituição tradicionalmente masculina. Esferas sociais que comprometem os papéis masculinos e femininos como a Polícia Civil oferecem resistência ao ingresso de mulheres, pois são incompatíveis com os papéis socialmente construídos às mulheres. Muitos conflitos de gênero existem dentro da instituição policial, contudo há uma valorização crescente das diferenças e uma abertura de maior espaço para as mulheres. A efetiva participação das mulheres aponta para a possibilidade de surgimento de práticas mais democráticas marcadas pela maior convivência entre os gêneros. O reconhecimento e a valorização das diferenças de gênero dentro da polícia se constituem a partir das habilidades diferenciadas e estabelecem novas formas de ser mulher e de se construir relações de gênero no mundo contemporâneo. / The research is based on the investigation of perceptions of the chief police of both genders from a police station that protects women, analyzing the fact that allows that relationship between genders inside an institution usually dominated by males. The social’s levels that compromise the function s of women and men as the women inclusion, because they are incompatible with the women’s social function. There are many problems between genders in the police institution, but still there’s as increasing worth ship of odds and a bigger opening for women points to the opportunities of democratic exercises marked by the better relation between genders. The acceptation and respect of the differences between gender in the police are built by the skills and establishing new ways to be women and built relation ship of gender in the modern world.

Este trabalho é uma história da polícia e dos policiais nas décadas que se seguiram à proclamação da República no Brasil. A pesquisa reconstitui as práticas do policiamento na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1896 e 1929, no entrecruzamento entre a polícia projetada pelos governantes republicanos e as experiências dos homens que exerceram diretamente esta atividade. A partir de fontes produzidas pelas próprias instituições policiais (registros de ocorrências, fichas de pessoal e inquéritos administrativos movidos contra policiais, entre outras) investigo quem eram, como viviam, trabalhavam e lidavam com a autoridade a eles atribuída os policiais - grupo ocupacional marcado pela ambígua condição de agentes da dominação estatal recrutados no meio social que deveriam controlar. Minha hipótese é que sua autoridade era constantemente reinventada e seus sentidos atualizados contextualmente, no âmbito das interações sociais. A dominação que os policiais exerciam ou pretendiam exercer, portanto, não dependia unicamente de seu mandato legal, embora não existisse sem ele. / This study is a history of the police and the policemen in the decades that followed the establishment of republican regime in Brazil. The research reviews the practices of policing in the city of Porto Alegre (capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul), from 1896 to 1929, in the intersection between the police, as projected by republican leaders, and the experiences of the men who exercised this activity directly. Based on sources produced by the police institutions themselves (incident reports, personnel files and cases against police officers, among others), I ask who were the policemen, how they lived, worked and dealt with the authority ascribed to them. Policemen formed an occupational group marked by an ambiguous condition: they were agents of state domination recruited in the social environment that should control. My argument is that the senses of his authority were constantly reinvented. The domination that policemen exercised or intended to exercise, therefore, did not depend only from its legal mandate, but did not exist without it.

A pesquisa constituiu-se na investigação das percepções de delegados e delegadas da Polícia Civil acerca da mulher policial, analisando os fatores que permeiam as relações de gênero dentro de uma instituição tradicionalmente masculina. Esferas sociais que comprometem os papéis masculinos e femininos como a Polícia Civil oferecem resistência ao ingresso de mulheres, pois são incompatíveis com os papéis socialmente construídos às mulheres. Muitos conflitos de gênero existem dentro da instituição policial, contudo há uma valorização crescente das diferenças e uma abertura de maior espaço para as mulheres. A efetiva participação das mulheres aponta para a possibilidade de surgimento de práticas mais democráticas marcadas pela maior convivência entre os gêneros. O reconhecimento e a valorização das diferenças de gênero dentro da polícia se constituem a partir das habilidades diferenciadas e estabelecem novas formas de ser mulher e de se construir relações de gênero no mundo contemporâneo. / The research is based on the investigation of perceptions of the chief police of both genders from a police station that protects women, analyzing the fact that allows that relationship between genders inside an institution usually dominated by males. The social’s levels that compromise the function s of women and men as the women inclusion, because they are incompatible with the women’s social function. There are many problems between genders in the police institution, but still there’s as increasing worth ship of odds and a bigger opening for women points to the opportunities of democratic exercises marked by the better relation between genders. The acceptation and respect of the differences between gender in the police are built by the skills and establishing new ways to be women and built relation ship of gender in the modern world.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre o poder de polícia materializado na prática policial cotidiana dos policiais da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para desenvolver o tema poder de polícia foi imprescindível abordar os elementos que o constituem, que são: a discricionariedade da atividade de polícia, os termos do mandato de polícia, as formas de controle da ação policial e os aspectos da autonomia e subordinação da força policial. / This study intends to present a discussion about police power based on the daily police work developed by the police officers of the Military Police of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In order to accomplish this proposal it was fundamental to focus in its constitutional elements, which are: police discretion, the terms of the mandate of the police, control of police work and aspects of both autonomy and subordination of the police force.

The current study focuses on how the police work to efficiently and effectively prevent juvenile delinquency and how they experience their work with criminal youth. As well as how the police experiences the work effectiveness. The study has been carried out using four semistructured interviews with law enforcers in Sweden working with different tasks. The results showed that some things could be done differently in the practical work against juvenile delinquency, however cooperation between different authorities; the police, social workers and schools, is of great importance. An effort should be made by the police to build relationships between them and the youths in order to prevent forming a negative image of the police. To put in early prevention strategies can have both positive and negatives on the youths. / Den aktuella studien syftar till att ta reda på hur polisen arbetar proaktivt mot ungdomskriminalitet och hur de upplever sitt arbete med kriminella ungdomar. Studien har utförts med hjälp av fyra stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med poliser som arbetar med olika arbetsuppgifter. Resultatet visade att det kan skilja sig något i det praktiska arbetet mot ungdomskriminalitet, men samverkan mellan olika verksamheter är av stor vikt. Det krävs en ansträngning från polisens sida att bygga relationer med ungdomarna för att motverka att en negativ bild av polisen skapas. Tidiga insatser kan få både negativa och positiva effekter.

Este trabalho é uma história da polícia e dos policiais nas décadas que se seguiram à proclamação da República no Brasil. A pesquisa reconstitui as práticas do policiamento na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1896 e 1929, no entrecruzamento entre a polícia projetada pelos governantes republicanos e as experiências dos homens que exerceram diretamente esta atividade. A partir de fontes produzidas pelas próprias instituições policiais (registros de ocorrências, fichas de pessoal e inquéritos administrativos movidos contra policiais, entre outras) investigo quem eram, como viviam, trabalhavam e lidavam com a autoridade a eles atribuída os policiais - grupo ocupacional marcado pela ambígua condição de agentes da dominação estatal recrutados no meio social que deveriam controlar. Minha hipótese é que sua autoridade era constantemente reinventada e seus sentidos atualizados contextualmente, no âmbito das interações sociais. A dominação que os policiais exerciam ou pretendiam exercer, portanto, não dependia unicamente de seu mandato legal, embora não existisse sem ele. / This study is a history of the police and the policemen in the decades that followed the establishment of republican regime in Brazil. The research reviews the practices of policing in the city of Porto Alegre (capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul), from 1896 to 1929, in the intersection between the police, as projected by republican leaders, and the experiences of the men who exercised this activity directly. Based on sources produced by the police institutions themselves (incident reports, personnel files and cases against police officers, among others), I ask who were the policemen, how they lived, worked and dealt with the authority ascribed to them. Policemen formed an occupational group marked by an ambiguous condition: they were agents of state domination recruited in the social environment that should control. My argument is that the senses of his authority were constantly reinvented. The domination that policemen exercised or intended to exercise, therefore, did not depend only from its legal mandate, but did not exist without it.

Este trabalho é uma história da polícia e dos policiais nas décadas que se seguiram à proclamação da República no Brasil. A pesquisa reconstitui as práticas do policiamento na cidade de Porto Alegre, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, entre 1896 e 1929, no entrecruzamento entre a polícia projetada pelos governantes republicanos e as experiências dos homens que exerceram diretamente esta atividade. A partir de fontes produzidas pelas próprias instituições policiais (registros de ocorrências, fichas de pessoal e inquéritos administrativos movidos contra policiais, entre outras) investigo quem eram, como viviam, trabalhavam e lidavam com a autoridade a eles atribuída os policiais - grupo ocupacional marcado pela ambígua condição de agentes da dominação estatal recrutados no meio social que deveriam controlar. Minha hipótese é que sua autoridade era constantemente reinventada e seus sentidos atualizados contextualmente, no âmbito das interações sociais. A dominação que os policiais exerciam ou pretendiam exercer, portanto, não dependia unicamente de seu mandato legal, embora não existisse sem ele. / This study is a history of the police and the policemen in the decades that followed the establishment of republican regime in Brazil. The research reviews the practices of policing in the city of Porto Alegre (capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul), from 1896 to 1929, in the intersection between the police, as projected by republican leaders, and the experiences of the men who exercised this activity directly. Based on sources produced by the police institutions themselves (incident reports, personnel files and cases against police officers, among others), I ask who were the policemen, how they lived, worked and dealt with the authority ascribed to them. Policemen formed an occupational group marked by an ambiguous condition: they were agents of state domination recruited in the social environment that should control. My argument is that the senses of his authority were constantly reinvented. The domination that policemen exercised or intended to exercise, therefore, did not depend only from its legal mandate, but did not exist without it.

This thesis analyses police officers' work with internal control of foreigners through a discussion of, among other things, the nation-state, rule of law ideals as well as the police profession and the conditions surrounding that profession. Internal control of foreigners, practised by police officers has two main aims: to control migration and to fight crime amongst people unauthorised to reside in the country. There has been a demand for increased efficiency in the internal control of foreigners, since Sweden joined the Schengen agreement. Police officers are now expected to be observant in all their work carried out, of the possibility that people they encounter are in the country without permission. The authors have accompanied police officers in Malmö and Stockholm in their work. They have also studied cases in the legal system and of the special board that handles cases of offences made by police officers. The authors discuss the importance of different factors to the police work on internal control of foreigners. Certain factors are more important than others and there is an interplay and reinforcement of some of these: the political and historical context, the discretion of the police, grey areas in the rules, the work tools of the police as well as inspection possibilities. A state of tension can be identified between the ideals of the nation-state and rule of law ideals. Several factors interplay to create a potential for and an apparent risk of ethnic discrimination in the police work on the internal control of foreigners. This study shows that the prerequisites necessary to perform the control efficiently, unerringly and with proper discretion are lacking. Police officers are put to the almost impossible task of determining who is in the country without permission.

Bakgrund och syfte: Polisarbete är till sin natur stressigt och oförutsägbart men uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka stress som kan minimeras med hjälp av förändringar i arbetsmiljön. Syftet är att undersöka olika uppfattningar om stressorer som förekommer inom yrkeskåren bland poliser i yttre tjänst och vilka förändringar de upplever behöver ske för en mer hälsosam yrkeskår.    Metod: En intervjustudie med tio poliser som arbetar i yttre tjänst genomfördes. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och analysen genomfördes med en fenomenografisk analysmetod. Två analyser genomfördes, en gällande stress och en relaterad till förändringsarbete. Resultat: Analyserna resulterade i sex respektive fyra kategorier. Kategorier relaterade till stress: Bristande säkerhet, Dåligt anpassad utrustning, Polisiärt arbete och bristande utbildning, Strukturella förutsättningar, Avrapportering och Polis 24/7. Kategorier relaterade till förändring: Utökad utbildning, mer stöd och högre krav, Mer resurser, Enklare system och säkrare utrustning. Stress i polisyrket är något naturligt förekommande, men det finns faktorer som bidrar till ökad stress och respondenterna ger förslag på enklare förändringar som skulle minimera negativt laddad stress i yrket. Slutsats: Polisyrket är stressigt till sin natur, men det finns faktorer i arbetet som bidrar till högre självupplevd stress som kan förändras utan att det faktiska arbetet påverkas negativt, snarare tvärtom. För att minska självupplevd stress bland individer som arbetar i yttre tjänst krävs det noggranna genomgångar av rutiner, utrustning och polisiär utbildning. Detta för att på sikt få en mer hälsosam och hållbar yrkeskår. Det är viktigt att låta poliser verksamma i yttre tjänst komma till tals innan förändringar genomförs. Det är trots allt de som arbetar på en sådan position som vet vad som behöver förändras för att arbetet ska flyta på och inte förhindras av stressorer i yrket som skulle kunnat undvikas med hjälp av små medel. / Background and aim: Police work is stressful and unpredictable. The thesis aims to investigate stress that can be minimized by changes in the working environment. The aim of the study is to investigate different perceptions of stressors that occur in the occupational labor force among external service policemen and what changes they need for a healthier work environment. Method: An interview study with ten police officers was conducted. The interviews were semi-structured, and the analysis was conducted using a phenomenographic method. Two analyzes were conducted, one regarding stress and one related to change in the work environment. Results: The analyzes resulted in six respectively four categories. Stress: Lack of safety, Poorly adapted equipment, Police work and education, Structural conditions, Reporting and Police 24/7. Change: Extended education, more support and higher requirements, More resources, Simpler systems and Safer equipment. Stress in the police profession is somewhat naturally occurring, but there are factors that contribute to increased stress. Conclusion: The police profession is stressful, but there are factors in the work environment that contribute to higher self-perceived stress that can be changed without affecting the actual work.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur anställda hos Polismyndigheten i mellersta Sverige har upplevt omorganisationen fem år efter att den genomfördes. Målet var att ta reda på de anställdas egna erfarenheter av omorganisationen, därav valdes den kvalitativa metoden som undersökningsmetod. Intervjuer utfördes av semistrukturerad karaktär med poliser hos Polismyndigheten. För att få ytterligare bakgrundsunderlag studerades den tidigare forskningen. Relevanta teorier som valdes ut var Sarneckis definition av kontroll, Tankebees analys av Beetham ́s legitimitetsteori samt Lewins modell om förändringsprocesser. Studiens resultat påvisade att de anställda ansåg att omorganisationen hade varit till fördel för deras arbete på en rad punkter. Men ett flertal aspekter åt det negativa hållet identifierades. Slutsatserna som drogs var att förutsättningarna för samarbete har ökat vilket också bidragit till en mer sammanhållen poliskår, men detta är dock inte tillräckligt för att gagna polisens effektivitet, eftersom den hindras av en organisationsstruktur som upplevs svår att arbeta utefter i praktiken. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how employees of the police in central Sweden experienced the reorganization in 2015. The aim was to find out the employees personal experiences, for which we choose to apply an qualitative method. To gain results, we implemented interviews of a semi-structured caracter. For further support we studied earlierrelevant studies. Sarnecki’s definition of control, Tankebee’s analysis of Beetham’s theory of legimicity as well as Lewins model of change, worked as guidelines for our studie.The main results found demonstrated that the employees considered the reorganization as a beneficial aspect regarding the work of the police. But there were a few negative aspects as well. The conclusion was drawn that the police force has become more united of the basis of a better cooperation within the police. This is not sufficiently to gain experienced effectiveness, since the structure of the organization is difficult to maintain in practice.