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211	Ochrana lidských práv uživatelů v domovech pro osoby se zdravotním postižením / The Protection of Human Rights of Users in Istitutions for Disabled People MATĚJKOVÁ, Lucie January 2009 (has links) This thesis deals with the protection of human rights of users of the social services, namely in relation to the users of the institutions for disabled people. The theoretical part characterizes mentally disabled people who are the target group for the present thesis. Furthermore, it describes the above-mentioned social services institutions and the way and the mechanisms for the provision of the protection and control of human rights of the users in such institution. The examples of the possible infringement of human rights in the institution for disabled people form a constituent part of the thesis. The practical part focuses on the possibility of the enhancement of the situation as far as human rights in such institutions are concerned. It considers the situations where the violation of rights can occur, dealing with education in social services and it sums up concrete procedures how to act in case of this violation has already happened.
212	La querelle des possibles: recherches philosophiques et textuelles sur la métaphysique jésuite espagnole, 1540-1767 / Quarrel of the possibles: philosophical and textual investigations on Spanish Jesuit metaphysics, 1540-1767 Schmutz, Jacob 12 December 2003 (has links) Cette thèse présente les réponses données à la question du fondement du possible et de l’impossible dans la scolastique jésuite espagnole de l’époque moderne :en vertu de quels critères jugeons-nous que telle chose ou tel événement sont possibles, alors que tels autres nous paraissent impossibles ou contradictoires ?La double nature de ce travail, philosophique et historique, s’incarne dès lors en deux volumes à la fois distincts et complémentaires. Le premier volume est consacré à l’analyse philosophique des différentes réponses apportées au problème du possible, entre les premiers pas académiques de la Compagnie de Jésus espagnole jusqu’à son expulsion définitive du royaume en 1767. Après quelques préliminaires généraux sur le développement institutionnel et doctrinal de la scolastique moderne, on y présente successivement les solutions des écoles dominicaine et franciscaine espagnoles du XVIe siècle avant de passer aux différents grands modèles jésuites :les synthèses de Gabriel Vázquez et Francisco Suárez ;l’émergence d’un courant ultra-essentialiste ;la critique inspirée par le nominalisme de Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza ;le développement d’une ontologie conditionnaliste par Juan de Lugo et ses nombreux élèves ;la critique néo-augustinienne de toutes les traditions antérieures par Antonio Pérez et ses nombreux élèves ;le développement d’une ontologie des états de choses par Sebastián Izquierdo ;et enfin le développement d’une série d’autres solutions marginales à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Le travail se clôture sur l’expulsion d’Espagne de la Compagnie de Jésus en 1767 et par quelques réflexions sur la « migration » de ces problématiques vers l’Europe Centrale. <p>Le second volume est quant à lui purement historique et textuel. Il propose l’édition de différents textes, tirés d’ouvrages imprimés anciens ou bien de manuscrits inédits, rédigés par vingt des principaux auteurs engagés dans la querelle des possibles, à savoir, dans l’ordre chronologique :F. Albertini, P. Hurtado de Mendoza, J. de Lugo, R. de Arriaga, Th. Compton Carleton, A. Pérez, F. de Oviedo, M. de Elizalde, T. González de Santalla, T. Muniesa, S. Mauro, S. Izquierdo, G. de Ribadeneira, I.F. Peinado, J. de Sousa, A. Sémery, J. de Campoverde, E. Láriz, Á. Cienfuegos et J. Rufo. Chaque édition de texte est précédée d’une biographie intellectuelle retraçant les principales étapes de la carrière de l’auteur, avec des indications sur ses maîtres, collègues et disciples, ainsi que sur le contexte institutionnel de son enseignement. L’ensemble est précédé d’une étude sur les rapports entre les cours imprimés et manuscrits dans la tradition scolastique moderne. <p>Un troisième et court volume se compose d’un bref « who’s who » scolastique ainsi que d’une bibliographie générale, reprenant toutes les sources primaires et secondaires utilisées.<p> / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Sciences humaines Philosophie de la religion Jesuits -- History -- Sources -- Spain Jesuits -- Philosophy -- Spain Scholasticism -- Spain Catholic Church and philosophy -- Spain Scolastique -- Espagne Spain Jesuits divine knowledge theology possible modalités scholasticism métaphysique théologie scolastique Jésuites modality science divine Espagne / possibility metaphysics
213	Counterfactual Thinking and Shakespearean Tragedy: Imagining Alternatives in the Plays Khan, Amir January 2013 (has links) This dissertation is the application of counterfactual criticism to Shakespearean tragedy—supposing we are to ask, for example, “what if” Hamlet had done the deed, or, “what if” we could somehow disinherit our knowledge of Lear’s madness before reading King Lear. Such readings, mirroring critical practices in history, will loosely be called “counterfactual” readings. The key question to ask is not why tragedies are no longer being written (by writers), but why tragedies are no longer being felt (by readers). Tragedy entails a certain urgency in wanting to imagine an outcome different from the one we are given. Since we cannot change events as they stand, we feel a critical helplessness in dealing with feelings of tragic loss; the critical imperative that follows usually accounts for how the tragedy unfolded. Fleshing out a cause is one way to deal with the trauma of tragedy. But such explanation, in a sense, merely explains tragedy away. The fact that everything turns out so poorly in tragedy suggests that the tragic protagonist was somehow doomed, that he (in the case of Shakespearean tragedy) was the victim of some “tragic flaw,” as though tragedy and necessity go hand in hand. Only by allowing ourselves to imagine other possibilities can we regain the tragic effect, which is to remind ourselves that other outcomes are indeed possible. Tragedy, then, is more readily understood, or felt, as the playing out of contingency. It takes some effort to convince others, even ourselves, that the tragic effect resonates best when accompanied by an understanding that the characters on the page are free individuals. No amount of foreknowledge, on our part or theirs, can save us (or them) from tragedy’s horror. Shakespeare Shakespeare in the classroom Shakespearean tragedy Stanley Cavell Counterfactuals Critique of New Historicism Teaching Shakespeare Teaching tragedy Tragedy Tragic effect Tragic fate Northrop Frye A.C. Bradley Reader response Hamlet's delay Hegel on tragedy Possible worlds Present day Shakespeare Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth The Winter's Tale Jonathan Dollimore Radical tragedy
214	La science-fiction en France de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à la fin des années soixante-dix / Science fiction in France from the Second World War to the end of the seventies Bréan, Simon 22 November 2010 (has links) Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la littérature de science-fiction s’est développée en France sous la forme d’un sous-champ isolé au sein du champ littéraire, avec ses collections, ses critiques et ses lecteurs spécifiques. Cette littérature produit des univers fictionnels en tension entre la réalité conventionnelle et des états alternatifs de cette réalité, selon une modalité dénommée dans la thèse le « régime ontologique matérialiste spéculatif ». Le corpus des romans a été analysé d’abord dans une perspective diachronique, en présentant une histoire des acteurs, des structures éditoriales et des thèmes de la science-fiction en France, articulée à une réflexion sur les conditions et les perspectives d’écriture des auteurs français. Les romans ont ensuite été analysés de manière à permettre une théorisation à plusieurs niveaux de l’écriture de la science-fiction : le mot et le texte de science-fiction, les mondes fictionnels extrapolés à partir du monde réel et enfin la mémoire collective mise en place par l’ensemble des œuvres, que nous nommons le « macrotexte » de la science-fiction. Notre contribution principale à l’histoire littéraire est l’étude de la manière dont évoluent les représentations communes en science-fiction, sous la forme de paradigmes dominants successifs où les écrivains réinterprètent les images et idées de la science-fiction. Nous avons établi selon quelles modalités le corpus des romans de science-fiction fournit à l’analyse du discours narratif, à la théorie de la fiction et à l’étude de l’intertextualité, des exemples remarquables en raison des dispositifs destinés à mettre les univers de science-fiction en concurrence avec la réalité. / After the Second World War in France, science fiction literature took the form of an isolated subaltern field within the literary field, featuring specific publishing series, critics and readership. In science fiction novels, fictional worlds are created by mixing conventional reality and alternate states of reality, a process I call “régime ontologique matérialiste spéculatif” (“speculative materialistic ontological status”). I have studied French science fiction novels first from a historical perspective, by describing the protagonists, the publishers and the themes of French science fiction, as well as by assessing how and to what end French science fiction writers wrote their novels. I have then studied these novels at several levels: how words and texts are shaped in science fiction, how fictional worlds are extrapolated from the real world and how science fiction texts generate a collective memory, which I call the “macrotext” of science fiction. Our thesis contributes to literary history by studying how the perception of science fiction gradually changes over time, each main paradigm morphing into a new one as writers adapt science fiction images and ideas to their needs. I have also pointed out how science fiction novels may prove of a keen interest to narrative discourse analysis, fiction theory and intertextuality approach, because of various devices meant to allow science fiction worlds to compete with reality. Science-fiction - histoire et critique Science-fiction - France, 1950-1980 Analyse du discours narratif Narrative discourse analysis Fiction theory – Possible worl Ontological status
215	Zdůvodnění věčnosti v časech / Rationale of eternity in times Hlavešová, Ilona January 2021 (has links) The thesis "The justification of eternity in times" addresses the relationship of the entity whose existence is modally necessary to the times of the entities of contingent existence, whose existence is defined by creation and termination, i.e., by the two poles of existence. The solution of this relationship is the answer to Panneberg's question about the relationship of eternity to the space-time structure of the universe. The approach to solving this problem is analyzed in the introductory chapter. Entities of contingent existence - beings - can be considered from the point of view of existence as polar entities, while the modally necessary one, which neither comes into existence nor ceases to exist, spans in its existence the poles of existence of all beings - it is therefore supra-polar in this sense. Time is needed to express the impermanence of the existence of beings. The fact that entities of contingent existence must exist in time raises the question of the relation of the modally necessary entity to time. The formal-logical expression of the relation of modally necessary entities to the times of modally contingent entities is discussed in second chapter. Sufficient conditions are given here for such an existence of a modally necessary entity which can be said to be of unbounded duration...
216	La mort et son cadavre : qu'en dit la littérature ? Lectures du corps mort dans des cuentos hispano-américains contemporains / Death and its dead body : what literature teaches us about it? A study of the corpse in contemporary Latin American short stories Barbu, Andra 19 November 2018 (has links) Ce travail explore les représentations du corps mort dans des cuentos hispano-américains contemporains pour essayer d’établir par ce biais une typologie des rapports que l’être humain entretient de façon générale avec la mort. L’idée centrale que nous avançons est que la littérature reproduit un nombre limité de réactions universellement valables, se montrant ainsi capable de mettre à la disposition de ses lecteurs un inventaire étrangement fiable des attitudes qu’eux-mêmes, à l’instar des personnages, sont susceptibles d’aborder face à cet événement ultime. Le choix du cadavre comme protagoniste des récits étudiés s’explique par le fait qu’il soit la seule image concrète et tangible de la mort et que, par son apparence repoussante, il représente une terrible source de hantise qui conditionne et altère toute tentative paisible de se rapprocher de celle-ci. Le cadre théorique des mondes possibles littéraires qui posent la fiction comme expérience envisageable et la particularité formelle du genre littéraire du cuento avec sa petite étendue et son caractère auto-suffisant permettent la vision du texte comme espace tombal où gisent ces nombreux cadavres fictionnels. Le lecteur a ainsi accès de près au corps mourant/mort, froid, putride, puant, dépecé ou bien embaumé, et les expériences littéraires acquises de cette manière s’ajoutent à son effort d’apprivoisement de la réalité effrayante de la mort. / This work explores the dead body as it is represented in a number of contemporary Latin American cuentos in order to establish a typology of the different reactions of human beings in general when faced with death. I suggest that literature reproduces a limited number of universal behaviours in this situation and thus it gives readers a fairly reliable inventory of the attitudes that they, like the characters, are likely to adopt.The corpse as a protagonist of the short stories discussed here has been selected because it is the only concrete and palpable image of death and that, by its repulsive appearance, it represents a terrible source of fear which conditions and alters any intention of peacefully trying to come to terms with it. The theoretical framework of the literary possible worlds whereby fiction is seen as a potential experience, and the formal characteristics of the cuento, such as its reduced, self-contained nature, allow the text to be read as a funerary space where all these fictional dead bodies lie. The reader is thus brought into close contact to the dying/dead, cold, putrid, stinking, dismembered or embalmed body and the literary experiences he/she goes through help him/her to come to grips with the frightening reality of death. Forme brève Rôle de la littérature Mondes possibles Frontières réel/fiction Laint-American literature (XX-XXI) Reader/reading/writing of the dead body Short story Function of literature Possible worlds of fiction Boundaries fiction/reality Literary space/spatialised text 868.993 868.992
217	Pojetí existence Karla Jasperse / The concept of existence by Karl Jaspers Šulcová, Irena January 2017 (has links) EN: Jaspers came to philosophy from medicine and psychology. Unique personal situation, authentic life experience, unrepeatable faithful self-respect turned psychopathologist Jaspers from psychiatric physiology of soul to the thesis of ciphers of transcendence, borderline, edge and horizon. He constituted his own pattern of the thinker not only as an explaining teacher, but also as co-creator of original ethics, based on deep comprehension of the other, importance of encompassing communication between man and man. First section of my work deals with the concept of Border. Our attitudes and picture of the universe and its evaluation are limited by borders. The holistic complex being remains behind the horizon The second part is dedicated to border-line situation as an phenomenon of possibility, as seen from the point of view of Jaspers own existence, as presented in his Philosophy, including commentary based on new translations by Vaclav Nemec Closing part deals with existential communication and holistic transition from possible to new horizons of transcendence. My interpretation of chosen excerpts comes mostly from "Psychologie der Weltanschauungen." Quotations appear in my own translation.
218	Pojetí existence Karla Jasperse / The concept of existence by Karl Jaspers Šulcová, Irena January 2018 (has links) EN: Jaspers came to philosophy from medicine and psychology. Unique personal situation, authentic life experience, unrepeatable faithful self-respect turned psychopathologist Jaspers from psychiatric physiology of soul to the thesis of ciphers of transcendence, borderline, edge and horizon. He constituted his own pattern of the thinker not only as an explaining teacher, but also as co-creator of original ethics, based on deep comprehension of the other, importance of encompassing communication between man and man. First section of my work deals with the concept of Border. Our attitudes and picture of the universe and its evaluation are limited by borders. The holistic complex being remains behind the horizon The second part is dedicated to border-line situation as an phenomenon of possibility, as seen from the point of view of Jaspers own existence, as presented in his Philosophy, including commentary based on new translations by Vaclav Nemec Closing part deals with existential communication and holistic transition from possible to new horizons of transcendence. My interpretation of chosen excerpts comes mostly from "Allgemeine Psychopathologie" "Psychologie der Weltanschauungen." Quotations appear in my own translation. KEY WORDS: Prophetic philosophy, philosophy as treatment of world opinion,...
219	Emerging Adulthood: The Pursuit of Higher Education Appleman, Michael J. 27 May 2015 (has links) No description available. Adult Education Aging Cognitive Psychology Curriculum Development Education Philosophy Educational Leadership Educational Theory Higher Education Individual and Family Studies Multicultural Education Social Psychology Social Structure Sociology Teaching emerging adulthood higher education self-authorship educational philosophy social and cultural foundations lifespan student development identity development decision-making possible selves future-oriented thinking student learning outcomes
220	Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition / Textually Mediated Virtual Worlds : Narration, perception and cognition Pettersson, Ulf January 2013 (has links) This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text. intermediality virtual worlds possible worlds fictional worlds storyworlds reader response semiotics Gestalt psychology cognitive linguistics cognitive psychology cognitive poetics reading process mental models situation models schemata scripts narratology diegetic levels focalization transactional theory iconicity immersion aesthetic illusion gaps concretization mental places integration network models blending conceptual metaphors Intermedialitet läsprocess mentala bilder mentala modeller möjliga världar fiktionsvärldar virtuella världar mentala platser semiotik kognitionsforskning kognitiv semantik kognitiv lingvistik kognitiv poetik narratologi fokalisering diegetiska nivåer luckor schemata scripts estetisk illusion ikonicitet

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