This study brings the insights of Slavoj Žižek’s Lacan-inspired approach to bear upon a series of influential 20th century plays and their engagement with what Lacan calls the Real. The plays to be explored share a focus on experiences, events or encounters which transcend, exceed, disrupt, and in some cases shatter characters’ normal, familiar realities. Examined through the lens of Žižek, these confrontations with the sublime and the fantastic reveal a crucial relation to the plays’ contemporary contexts, prompting us to “look awry” upon the dynamics of our own symbolically-regulated reality and the ever-changing and precarious nature of our relation to it. Similarly crucial is the relation of the Lacanian Real to our theatrical forms and modes of perception in the theatre. In staging “encounters with the Real,” these plays prompt us simultaneously to explore the ways in which the Real operates —and “appears” — in our own theatrical experience, ensnaring our gaze and the force of our desire. The study offers a Žižekian approach to works including Peter Shaffer’s Equus, John Mighton’s Possible Worlds, S. An-sky’s The Dybbuk, or Between Two Worlds, Caryl Churchill’s The Skriker, Tony Kushner’s The Illusion, and Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s Enigma Variations.

This study brings the insights of Slavoj Žižek’s Lacan-inspired approach to bear upon a series of influential 20th century plays and their engagement with what Lacan calls the Real. The plays to be explored share a focus on experiences, events or encounters which transcend, exceed, disrupt, and in some cases shatter characters’ normal, familiar realities. Examined through the lens of Žižek, these confrontations with the sublime and the fantastic reveal a crucial relation to the plays’ contemporary contexts, prompting us to “look awry” upon the dynamics of our own symbolically-regulated reality and the ever-changing and precarious nature of our relation to it. Similarly crucial is the relation of the Lacanian Real to our theatrical forms and modes of perception in the theatre. In staging “encounters with the Real,” these plays prompt us simultaneously to explore the ways in which the Real operates —and “appears” — in our own theatrical experience, ensnaring our gaze and the force of our desire. The study offers a Žižekian approach to works including Peter Shaffer’s Equus, John Mighton’s Possible Worlds, S. An-sky’s The Dybbuk, or Between Two Worlds, Caryl Churchill’s The Skriker, Tony Kushner’s The Illusion, and Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s Enigma Variations.

Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva, analysera och förstå matematikundervisning på lågstadiet. Mer precist är syftet att undersöka vad denna undervisning ger elever i några klassrum möjlighet att lära då undervisningsinnehållet är skriftliga räknemetoder för addition och  ubtraktion. Centrala frågor är vad lärare och elever gör i matematikklassrummet och vad eleverna, som en följd av undervisningen har möjlighet att lära. En fältstudie har genomförts i fem klasser med början på våren i år 2 och fortsättning under hösten i år 3. Sammanlagt 24 lektioner har videofilmats. Materialet har analyserats i två etapper, med början i en empiri nära, tematisk analys. Verksamhetsteorin är teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyget som inspirerats av Engeströms modell för verksamhetssystem har varit vägledande i den andra etappen av analysen. Resultatet visar fyra typer av undervisningsverksamheter i matematik, vilka resulterar i möjligt lärande som varierar i förhållande till de förmågemål som anges i Lgr11. Det framgår också att de utmärkande metoder som lärare och elever använder kan ordnas i fem grupper, i huvudsak beroende på vilka kunskapsaspekter metoderna riktas mot. Det gäller metoder där procedurer, begrepp och samband, matematisk kommunikation och resonemang samt intresse och tilltro är i centrum, tillsammans med metoder som bidrar till stötestenar, vilka innebär utmaningar för både lärare och elever. Resultatet diskuteras mot bakgrund av forskning om undervisning och lärande i matematik med inriktning mot språklig kommunikation, användning av laborativt material, klassrumskultur och klassrumsorganisation. / The aim of this study is to describe, analyse and understand teaching of mathematics in lower primary school. More precisely, the aim is to investigate what this teaching offers pupils in some classrooms in terms of learning, when the content of teaching is written calculation methods for addition and subtraction. Teachers’ and pupils’ activities are in focus, as well as what it is possible for the pupils to learn as a consequence of these activities. Collection of data has been carried out in five classes, starting in spring when the pupils were in second grade and finished by the end of the autumn, when the pupils were in third grade. The video-recorded material comprises a total of 24 lessons. The collected research material has been analysed in two steps, where the first step can be described as empirically oriented and thematical. The theoretical perspective is Activity theory (CHAT) and an analysing tool, inspired by Engeström’s model has guided the second step of the analysis. The result demonstrates four types of teaching activities in mathematics, which leads to possible learning that varies in relation to the educational goals set in the curriculum (Lgr11). It is also shown that teachers and pupils make use of a variety of characteristic methods, which can be sorted into five groups, primarily based on ability aspects that are actualised by different methods. These are methods, where (1) procedures, (2) concepts and connections, (3) mathematical communication and reasoning, and (4) interest and confidence are in focus. There is also a fifth group, but it deviates from the others, as it consists of methods that contribute to (5) stumbling blocks, which in turn means that they become challenges for teachers as well as pupils. The results are discussed in relation to other research about teaching and learning mathematics.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of evaluation of the risk of accounting frauds and accounting mistakes in the financial statements compiled in terms of Czech accounting standards for their users using analytical tools and methods of the financial analysis. Part of the thesis is the proposal of concrete tools or models that reduce the asymmetry of information between the makers of the financial statements and other users of the financial statements and can be implemented in the internal control system of the unit when decision-making on the financial health of selected accounting units. For practical part was chosen an enterprise with a long tradition. Monitoring ratios of The Beneish Model M-Score detect risk areas and tracking ratio trend may alert management to instability in the financial statement. Liquidity and debt ratios are also appropriate methods for reducing the information asymmetry.

The first aim of this research was to identify the factors that relate to the career maturity of school-going girls and more specifically the factor positive possible selves. Secondly, the study aimed to measure the stability of the construct career maturity as learners progress from one grade to the next without any guidance intervention. The work of Super (1957), Crites (1969) and Langley (1988) formed the theoretical framework for the investigation of the contextual factors such as subject choice and career choice and the biological and psychological factors such as grade, self-efficacy, self-esteem, perceived and actual academic achievement and positive possible selves in relation to career maturity. Quantitative research that involved a cross-sectional and longitudinal research design was implemented. Career choice and self-esteem were the strongest predictors of career maturity Self-efficacy showed marginal significance and possible selves explained only 2% of the variance of the dependent variable career maturity. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Text in Afrikaans / Because of the variety of relationships which exist between transitive verbs and their objects, all direct objects are not comparable with one another. One class of object, however, which stands by itself and which is of considerable interest, is the OBJECT OF RESULT. Because of the particular relation which exists between object and transitive verb in resulting constructions, we have here an unique class of direct object. The resulting construction is therefore, in the first instance a relation construction. This specific relation between transitive verb and object is mainly determined by the presence of or absence of certain inherent distinctive characteristics by transitive verbs and which play a determining role in identifying OBJECTS OF RESULT. From this study it is also clear that there is a semantic value present in transitive verbs (that can combine with objects of result) which has not been observed or distinguished by lexicographers and grammarians until recently. / Omdat voorwerpe van sinne in 'n verskeidenheid van betrekkinge met (oorganklike) werkwoorde kan staan, is alle direkte voorwerpe nie almal in alle opsigte vergelykbaar met mekaar nie. Waarskynlik die interessantste voorwerp in hierdie verskeidenheid is die RESULTATIEWE VOORWERP. As gevolg van die besondere verhouding wat daar bestaan tussen hierdie voorwerp en die HW, het ans hier te make met 'n unieke tipe direkte voorwerp wat kan aanspraak maak op 'n eie bestaansreg as 'n subkategorie van die hoofkategorie: Direkte Voorwerpe. Die resulterende konstruksie is dus, in die eerste plek, 'n verhoudingskonstruksie. Hierdie spesifieke verhouding tussen die HW en die voorwerp word grootliks bepaal deur die aan- of afwesigheid van sekere inherente distinktiewe kenmerke wat by oorganklike werkwoorde voorkom en wat 'n bepalende rol speel by die ontstaan van en identifisering van RESUL TATIEWE VOORWERPE. Uit hierdie ondersoek sal verder blyk dat daar 'n semantiese waarde by oorganklike werkwoorde is wat tot dusver nag nie deur taalkundiges/woordeboekmakers of woordverklaarders onderskep en onderskei is nie. Oorganklike werkwoorde kan dus fyner gedefinieer word ten opsigte van hul verbindbaarheid, al dan nie, met resultatiewe voorwerpe. / Language Education, Arts and Culture / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Aquinas's five point argument for God's existence views creation as a holistic entity in which synthesis and creative influences are initiated through the interaction between minimal and maximal acts of being. These acts are represented by the per accidens and the per se respectively. Both these acts are fundamental acts which are crucial to the outcome of the argument for the existence of God. The creature who, because of his per accidens dependency, possesses minimal status, is elevated to a place of honour by participation in creation. Both the essence and esse of creatures have their origin in the pure esse of the maximal act of being (God). Maximal being, the efficient cause, grounds the similarity between itself and minimal acts of being. Both the per accidens and the per se have crucial roles to play in the verification of tbe argument. Should any one of these two elements be lacking, the argument would be invalid. / Aquinas se Quinque Via as 'n Holistiese Beredenering is 'n vyfpunt-argument vir die bestaan van God wat die skepping as 'n eenheid beskou waarin sintese en skeppende invloede bewerkstellig word deur interaksie tussen minimale en maksimale bestaansaktes. Die bestaansaktes word deur die per accidens en die per se (wat die fundamentele boustene in die argument vorm) verteenwoordig. Die skepsel wat vanwee sy per accidens- afhanklikheid beperkte status beklee, word deur bemiddeling van die per se of maksimale bestaansakte (God) tot deelgenoot verhef en beklee ·n ereplek in die skepping. Beide die esse en essensie van menslike wesens het hul oorsprong in die suiwer esse van die maksimale bestaansakte. Maksimale bestaan, die effektiewe oorsaak, begrond die ooreenkoms tussen sigself en die minimale bestaansaktes. Die per accidens sowel as die per se vervul 'n onontbeerlike rol in die bewysvoering van die argument. Sou een van die twee fundamentele elemente ontbreek, sou die argument in geheel ongeldig wees. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Wysbegeerte)

The inadequacy of the usual possible world semantics of modal languages when the meaning of 'belief' is attached to the modal operator is discussed. Three other approaches are then investigated. In the case of Moore's autoepistemic logic it becomes possible to compare an agent's beliefs to 'reality', which cannot be done directly in the possible world semantics. Levesque's semantics makes explicit in the object language the notion of 'this is all the information the agent has', which plays an important role in nonmonotonic reasoning. Both of these approaches deal with ideal reasoners. The third approach, Konolige's deduction model, is based on a semantics capable of describing the beliefs of one or more resourcebounded agents. Finally, the AGM postulates for belief revision are discussed. / Computer Science / M.Sc. (Computer Science)

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as principais questões relacionadas à efetivação pelo Poder Judiciário do direito social a saúde. Serão analisados na primeira parte do trabalho os direitos sociais fundamentais e o mínimo existencial, no qual se inclui o direito à saúde, abordando-se a importância dada pela Constituição Federal a tal direito e sua regulamentação infraconstitucional, com destaque para a organização do Estado e as fontes de recursos. Após se demonstrar a importância do direito à saúde como direito social fundamental, será estudada na segunda parte do trabalho a escassez de recursos para o atendimento de todas as necessidades da população, abordando-se o conceito de reserva do possível e a relevância das leis orçamentárias para o alcance as prioridades sociais. Por fim, será demonstrada a legitimidade e necessidade de ingerência do Poder Judiciário na concretização do direito à saúde, destacando-se as posições doutrinárias e decisões judiciais que buscam alcançar o equilíbrio entre o atendimento de tal direito fundamental, o reconhecimento da limitação de recursos e a valorização do orçamento público. / The present work aims to study the main issues related to the implementation by the judiciary of the social right to health. In the first part of the work, it will be analyzed the fundamental social rights and the existential minimum, which includes the right to health, addressing the importance given by the Federal Constitution to such law and its regulations infra, with emphasis on the Organization of the State and the sources of funds. After demonstrating the importance of the right to health as a fundamental social right, in the second part of the work it will be studied the scarcity of resources for the care of all the needs of the population, addressing the concept of reservation is possible and the relevance of budget laws to achieve social priorities. Finally, the legitimacy and necessity of interference of the judiciary in the realization of the right to health will be demonstrated, emphasizing doctrinal positions and judicial decisions that seek to achieve a balance between the availability of such a fundamental right, the recognition of the limitation of resources and the enhancement of the public budget.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:23:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5539.pdf: 15158253 bytes, checksum: d6cc57168e18018f0fbd4a7f5770b16c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-17 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This dissertation aims to analyze the world-building process as spaces of transmidiatic communication. We listed information from the distinct media utilized on the development of the TV series Lost, including it internal narrative complexity. We studied and classified distinct factors that congregated the user interaction in an online community. We investigated the conditions of meaning production and the discursive and ideological formations enounced in a complex system of communicational interaction. We also observed how the authorfunction acts in collaborative ambient from the web 2.0. This research is qualitative and exploratory, and examines the Darkufo online community, constituted by users that were fans of the TV-series Lost. Based on the netnographic methodology and using the discourse analysis studies, we tried to systematize the processes that involve users and the online community interactive ambient. / A presente dissertação propõe-se a analisar o processo de construção de mundos online como espaços de comunicação transmidiática. A pesquisa relaciona as informações provenientes dos distintos meios utilizados para o desenvolvimento da narrativa seriada do programa televisivo Lost, bem como sua complexidade narrativa. Através deste estudo, puderam ser classificados os diferentes fatores que congregaram a interação dos usuários em uma comunidade online. Também foram investigadas as condições de produção de sentidos e as formações discursivas e ideológicas enunciadas dentro de um sistema complexo de interação comunicacional. Também observamos como o modo de produção da função-autor pode ser estabelecido em ambientes colaborativos da web 2.0. De natureza qualitativa e exploratória, essa pesquisa é um estudo sobre a comunidade online de fãs da série televisiva norteamericana Lost, intitulada DarkUfo, e buscou estabelecer relações entre o processo de construção de mundos textuais e as postagens feitas na comunidade. Com base na metodologia da Netnografia e da Análise do Discurso, buscou-se sistematizar o conhecimento dos processos que envolvem os usuários e o ambiente interativo proporcionado pela comunidade online.