Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux de recherche de nouvelles ressources en eau en Egypte orientale. Elle est plus spécifiquement axée sur la région du désert Sud-Oriental de l'Egypte. Le présent travail porte sur les propriétés et les potentialités en eau souterraine du système aquifère précambrien dans la région de Hafafit. Les eaux souterraines représentent la ressource la plus importante pour la boisson et les autres usages (domestiques, industriels, agricoles) dans cette région.La répartition spatiale des roches réservoirs, ainsi que leur structure ont d’abord été déterminées afin de comprendre la distribution des aquifères associés et les écoulements préférentiels des eaux souterraines. La méthodologie utilisée est le couplage du travail de terrain pour identifier les roches à l'affleurement et le traitement des images Landsat en utilisant les techniques de télédétection. Cette approche a permis une cartographie géologique détaillée de la région de Hafafit et aussi de dessiner la carte de densité des linéaments et leur orientation. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier les zones potentiellement aquifères.La deuxième étape a consisté à mener une étude pétrographique afin de déterminer la minéralogie et par conséquent, les éléments chimiques qui peuvent être impliqués dans les interactions eaux-roches. L’objectif est de comprendre les processus physico-chimiques à l’origine de la minéralisation des eaux souterraines dans les rochers précambriennesEnfin, avec toutes les données climatiques, géologiques, hydrologiques, hydrogéologiques et chimiques, nous avons tenté d’élaborer un modèle conceptuel du système aquifère du Précambrien de la zone de Hafafit, expliquant ses propriétés physico-chimiques et ses potentialités.Le désert Sud-Oriental de l'Égypte est limité par les longitudes 33° 50' 00" - 35° 45' 00" E et les latitudes 24° 00' 00"- 25° 15' 00" N et couvre une superficie d'environ 17,290 km². Ainsi, il forme une longue bande d'environ 150-200 km de large, bordée à l'Ouest par le Nil et à l'Est par la Mer Rouge. La zone étudiée est située dans la partie sud de cette bande et peut être définie par un quadrilatère dont les sommets sont, au Nord, les villes de Idfu et El Qusier et ceux d'Assouan et Ras Banas au Sud.Pour la zone étudiée, des histogrammes des variations saisonnières de température et de précipitation ont été établis sur les cinq dernières décennies en utilisant les relevés météorologiques historiques (disponibles sur Tutiempo International DataBase) de deux stations situées respectivement à l'Ouest (Assouan sur le Nil) et au Nord (El Qusier sur la Mer Rouge). Les données d'une nouvelle station implantée à l’Est (Marsa Alam sur la Mer Rouge) ont été utilisées, mais sur 6 ans uniquement. Malheureusement aucune station n’a été implantée dans la partie montagneuse de la région étudiée.Ces histogrammes montrent que, dans la région de Hafafit, la température varie de 22 à 36 °C avec une moyenne de 28 °C. L'effet de la température est renforcé par l’ensoleillement relatif annuel moyen, compris entre 80% et 106% entre les deux saisons. L'humidité relative annuelle varie entre 32% et 60% de l'hiver à l'été. Les précipitations annuelles varient de 0 à 117 mm/an dans l'Ouest (Assouan) et de 0 à 195 mm/an dans le Nord (El Qusier) avec une moyenne générale de 50 mm/an pour toute la région. Cependant de longues périodes de sécheresse peuvent succéder à certains événements pluviométriques intenses (souvent 60 mm.h-1). Un autre critère important du climat local est le vent qui souffle régulièrement avec une vitesse moyenne élevée à près de 20 km/h. Par conséquent, l'évaporation potentielle peut atteindre 10 mm/jour. Toutes ces conditions témoignent du degré élevé de l'aridité de la région de Hafafit et du faible potentiel de recharge des aquifères par les apports pluviométriques... / Groundwater is the main water resource for drinking, domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes in the study area as a result of limited natural fresh water. The water scarcity and shortage in Egypt due to population growth, agriculture expansion, industry development, climatic changes and water pollution lead to search about new water resources to overcome the depletion of annual individual share of water such as evaluation of groundwater in Precambrian aquifer, Southeastern Desert, Egypt. Egypt is under water scarcity due to difference between water demand and available water resources, so, we need to search and explore new water resources in Egypt, especially in Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The importance of Southeastern Desert of Egypt represents one of the famous regions for mining such as gold (El-Sukkari gold mine), ilmenite (Abu Ghuson) and other economic ores, therefore the area crowded with touristic villages and resorts parallel to the red sea coast with industrial, commercial and agricultural expansion in the area. The previous factors lead to necessity of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of groundwater resources to reduce the gap between the available water resources and water demand. Applications of remote sensing and Geographic information system techniques have been utilized to investigate the hydro-geological framework and hydrochemistry of fractured Precambrian and coastal aquifers system in Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The aim of the work is evaluation and exploration for new water resources in Southeastern Desert of Egypt dealing with groundwater properties and potentially in the Precambrian aquifer, Hafafit area, Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The groundwater potentialities of Precambrian and coastal aquifers have been studied using remote sensing, geomorphology, hydrology, hydrogeology and geophysics techniques. The groundwater properties of Precambrian and coastal aquifers have been studied using remote sensing, petrography and mineralogy and hydrochemistry techniques.The area is limited by longitudes 330 50/ - 350 45/ 00// E and latitudes 240 00/ - 250 15/ N and covering an area about 17290 Km2. The study area lies within arid desert conditions based on degree of aridity with air temperature and rainfall are variable from summer to winter. The temperature ranges from 22-36 Co with average 28 Co, The average annual rainfall ranges from 3 to 50 mm/year, some intense rainfall events (often 60mm.h-1). The average annual wind velocity is 18.7 km/hour. The intensity of evaporation is 10.1 mm/day. The mean annual relative sunshine ranges between (80-106 %) from season to another, the annual relative humidity varies between (32 % -60%) from winter to summer. In regard to geological setting of the area compose mainly of sedimentary rocks in the coastal line and Precambrian rocks to the west from the coast. The coastal plain sediments include tertiary and quaternary sediments, which classifie into paleogene sediments appear as Abu Ghuson Formation is belong to Oligocene age and Neogene sedimentsare belong to Miocene and Pliocene age include [Ranga Formation, Um Mahara Formation, Abu Dabbab Formation, Sabakha Formation, Um Gheig Formation, Samah Formation, Gabir Formation, Shagra Formation and Samady Formation]. The Precambrian rocks range from the oldest to youngest as [paragneisses and migmatites, geosynclinals metasediments, cataclastic rocks, metavolcanics, serpentinites, metagabbro-diorite complex, older granitoids, Dokhan volcanics, Hammamat group, younger gabbro, younger granitoids, dykes and plugs and alkaline ring complexes].The petrological studies include the mineralogical compositions of rock-bearing minerals that help to understand chemistry of groundwater and hydro-chemical processes such as water-rock interaction, leaching and dissolution of these minerals in groundwater...

L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à identifier et comparer les potentialités de l'entrepreneur migrant de retour à celles de son homologue Local. Rappelons que bien qu'un nombre important de recherches a traité l'entrepreneuriat et les caractéristiques entrepreneuriales, aucune, à notre connaissance, n'a étudié les potentialités de l'entrepreneur migrant de retour. Le souci de combler le manque de recherches gestionnaires et de contribuer au débat scientifique sur cette thématique nous a conduit à nous appuyer sur deux principaux paradigmes des traits et des faits de l'entrepreneur pour asseoir le concept de potentialités entrepreneuriales. Le corpus théorique obtenu s'appuie sur le modèle d'Yvon GASSE. Il établit un lien entre les différentes approches des traits et faits (caractéristiques et comportements), intègre les facteurs extrinsèques (milieu) et conduit à faire émerger le modèle conceptuel de notre thèse. Ce corpus théorique est relayé par le questionnaire adapté de Gasse qui a été administré à un échantillon de 393 entrepreneurs Marocains MRE (40%) et Locaux (60%). Les MRE sont les Marocains Résidents à l’Etranger revenus au Maroc pour créer leur entreprise. Les Locaux sont ceux qui résident depuis toujours au Maroc et qui sont entrepreneurs. Ce sont donc deux types d'entrepreneurs d'origine Marocaine mais avec des parcours de vie différents (migrants et non-migrants). Les 393 questionnaires sont soumis aux techniques multidimensionnelles d’analyse de données approfondies. Les résultats obtenus permettent de répondre à notre question de recherche : le niveau des potentialités de l’entrepreneur migrant de retour est diffèrent de celui de l’entrepreneur Local. L'expérience migratoire a permis à l'entrepreneur MRE de développer un niveau de potentialités entrepreneuriales plus élevé que celui de son homologue Local. De tels résultats font émerger des leviers originaux pouvant alimenter les dispositifs d’accompagnement endogènes. Leur combinaison au test de Cronbach fournit une grille réduite et adaptée du modèle de Gasse augurant un accompagnement différencié des futurs entrepreneurs MRE et Locaux. / The objective of this research is to identify and compare the potentiality of the return migrant entrepreneur back to those of his Local counterpart. It should be recalled that while a significant number of research has addressed entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial characteristics, none, to our knowledge, has studied the potential of the returning migrant entrepreneur in relation to his Local counterpart. The concern to fill the lack of managerial research and to contribute to the scientific debate on this topic has led us to rely on two main paradigms of the traits and the facts of the entrepreneur to establish the concept of entrepreneurial potentials. The theoretical corpus obtained is based on the model of Yvon GASSE. It establishes a link between the different approaches of traits and facts (characteristics and behaviors), incorporates extrinsic factors (middle) and leads to the emergence of the conceptual model of our thesis. This theoretical corpus is relayed by the adapted questionnaire of Gasse which was administered to a sample of 393 Moroccan entrepreneurs MRE (40%) and Local (60%). The MRE are Moroccan residents abroad who have returned to Morocco to create their business. The premises are those who have always been resident in Morocco and who are entrepreneurs. They are therefore two types of entrepreneurs of Moroccan origin but with different life paths (migrant and non-migrant). The 393 questionnaires are subject to multi-dimensional data analysis techniques. The results obtained allow us to answer our research question: the level of the potential of the returning entrepreneur is different from that of the Local contractor. The migratory experience has enabled the MRE entrepreneur to develop a higher level of entrepreneurial potential than that of his Local counterpart. Such results are emerging from the original levers that can feed the endogenous accompaniment devices. Their combination with the Cronbach test provides a reduced and adapted grid of the Gasse model, auguring a differentiated accompaniment of future MRE and Local entrepreneurs.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work has as general objective to carry out geoenvironmental zoning applied in the study of potentialities and susceptibilities and of use and occupation in the municipality of Rosário do Sul. The choice for the study area is justified because there are already several studies in the west section of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly in the Ibicuí River Basin. In addition, it should be noted that this work is part of the LAGEOLAM (Environmental Geology Laboratory) which has a line of research directed to the Municipal Geoenvironmental Atlas, and considering this, in the future the municipality of Rosário do Sul may also fit in this proposal. The bibliographic review of the present work presented questions related to the Systemic Approach and the Geosystems, Methodologies for Relief Mapping, Geoenvironmental Studies and Geoenvironmental Zoning, besides the use of Geographic Information Systems for Geoenvironmental Studies. The method adopted for the present study used the method of investigation of the systemic approach and was divided into three major steps: Data Collection and Production, Correlation of Information and the Geoenvironmental Zoning of the municipality of Rosário do Sul. As a result of this research, it presents first an analysis of the physical elements of the landscape, contemplating hydrography, relief, lithology and soils. After that, it was made the morpho-lithological compartmentalization of the study area, using as a basis the lithological characteristics and the partitioning of the relief of the municipality of Rosário do Sul. Subsequently, a temporal analysis of land use and occupation was carried out, with the aim of identifying the transformations that occurred during the last 20 years in the landscape that configure the study area. Finally, the geoenvironmental zoning of the municipality of Rosário do Sul was presented, dividing the study area into five systems and nine geoenvironmental units: Caverá System including Altitudes Hills, Association of Hillock and Earthmounds and Hillock and Isolated Earthmounds; Recent Deposits System composed of Ibirapuitã and Santa Maria units; Ibicuí da Armada System; Santa Maria system subdivided by the Botucatu, Guará, Piramboia and Sanga do Cabral units and finally the Urban System. The Geoenvironmental systems and units were characterized in terms of potentialities and susceptibilities related to use and occupation, with Santa Maria and Urban systems being the most susceptible in the study area. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral realizar um zoneamento geoambiental aplicado ao estudo das potencialidades e suscetibilidades ambientais e de uso e ocupação no município de Rosário do Sul. A escolha pela área de estudo justifica-se em razão de já existirem diversos estudos realizados na porção oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, principalmente na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ibicuí. Além disso, destaca-se que esse trabalho integra a proposta do Laboratório de Geologia Ambiental que possui uma linha de pesquisa direcionada aos Atlas Geoambientais Municipais, e diante disso, futuramente o município de Rosário do Sul também poderá se enquadrar dentro dessa proposta. A revisão bibliográfica do presente trabalho apresentou questões relacionadas a Abordagem Sistêmica e os Geossistemas, Metodologias para o Mapeamento do Relevo, Estudos Geoambientais e o Zoneamento Geoambiental, além da Utilização dos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas para os Estudos Geoambientais. A metodologia adotada para o presente trabalho empregou o método de investigação da abordagem sistêmica e foi dividida em três grandes etapas: Levantamento e Produção de Dados, Correlação das Informações e o Zoneamento Geoambiental do município de Rosário do Sul. Como resultados dessa pesquisa, apresenta-se primeiramente uma análise dos elementos físicos da paisagem, contemplando a hidrografia, o relevo, a litologia e os solos. Após isso, foi realizada a compartimentação morfolitológica da área de estudo, utilizando como base as características litológicas e a compartimentação do relevo do município de Rosário do Sul. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise temporal do uso e ocupação da terra, com o objetivo de identificar as transformações ocorridas ao longos dos últimos 20 anos na paisagem que configura a área de estudo. Por fim, apresentou-se o zoneamento geoambiental do município de Rosário do Sul, dividindo a área de estudo em cinco sistemas e nove unidades geoambientais: Sistema Caverá englobando as unidades das Colinas de Altitudes, Associação de Morros e Morrotes e os Morros e Morrotes Isolados; Sistema Depósitos Recentes composto pelas unidades Ibirapuitã e Santa Maria; Sistema Ibicuí da Armada; Sistema Santa Maria subdividido pelas unidades Botucatu, Guará, Piramboia e Sanga do Cabral; e por último o Sistema Urbano. Os sistemas e as unidades geoambientais foram caracterizados frente as potencialidades e as suscetibilidades com relação ao uso e a ocupação, sendo os sistemas Santa e Urbano os mais suscetíveis da área de estudo.

This research aims to analyze the environmental potentialities present in the effectiveness of area of organic agriculture in Sergipe Central Arid zone. It appears that the spreading of organic agriculture in Sergipe is taking place thanks to the construction of new social and environmental coexistence level values associated with the changes in management practices. The area of this analysis are the municipalities of Areia Branca, Itabaiana and Malhador, which are part of the territory of Central Sergipe Arid zone. To develop this research the study methodology was structured in three stages: Cabinet, which covers literature research, visiting the agencies and entities for secondary data collection and mapping survey; field step comprises study area observation and recognition, location points marking, semi-structured interviews application and the photographic survey; the last step is called synthesis, since the achieved results in the two previous steps will be analyzed wether the initial study hypothesis is proven or not. This geographical area methodological theoretical model of evaluation is related to the definition / evaluation of potentialities environmental indicators. Thus, the construction of these as instruments of potentialities environmental indicators matrix allowed a simplified and qualitative reading of environmental, social, economic and cultural needs of the study area, showing the organic system new territoriality configuration. Therefore, the analysis concluded that the surveyed municipalities have potentialities features that favor the development of organic farming, however, they also have limitations that contribute to slower growth of organic production in the study area. Thus, the potentialities are environmental sphere related, such as the use of natural resources and the practice of environmental conservation, and also the influence of historical tradition in the production and marketing of foodstuffs in the Arid zone. As for the limitations, they are related to difficulties in the social, economic and political spheres that hinder the full development of organic production. / Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar as potencialidades ambientais presentes na área de efetivação da agricultura orgânica no Agreste Central Sergipano. Verifica-se que a disseminação da agricultura orgânica em Sergipe está ocorrendo a partir da construção de novos valores de convivência social e ambiental associados às mudanças das práticas de manejo. O recorte espacial desta análise são os municípios de Areia Branca, Itabaiana e Malhador, que fazem parte do território do Agreste Central Sergipano. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa a metodologia de estudo foi estruturada em três etapas: gabinete, abrange pesquisa bibliográfica, visita a órgãos e entidades para coleta de dados secundários e levantamento cartográfico; a etapa campo compreende a observação e reconhecimento da área de estudo, a marcação de pontos de localização, a aplicação de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o levantamento fotográfico; a última etapa foi denominada de síntese, uma vez que serão analisados os resultados alcançados nas duas etapas anteriores, comprovada ou não a hipótese inicial deste estudo. O modelo teórico metodológico de avaliação deste espaço geográfico está relacionado com a definição/avaliação de indicadores de potencialidade ambiental. Assim, o uso destes como instrumentos construtivos da matriz de indicadores de potencialidade ambiental permitiu uma leitura simplificada e qualitativa das necessidades ambientais, sociais, econômicas e culturais da área de estudo, evidenciando a configuração de novas territorialidades do sistema orgânico de produção. Logo, a análise concluiu que os municípios pesquisados apresentam características potenciais que favorecem o desenvolvimento do cultivo orgânico, contudo, também apresentam limitações que contribuem para a desaceleração do crescimento da produção orgânica na área de estudo. Assim, as potencialidades relacionam-se à esfera ambiental, a exemplo do uso dos recursos naturais e à prática de conservação ambiental, e, também, à influência da tradição histórica na produção e comercialização de gêneros alimentícios no Agreste. Já as limitações estão relacionadas às dificuldades encontradas nas esferas social, econômica e política que dificultam o pleno desenvolvimento da produção orgânica.

In the current context of rapid and discontinuous changes, technological innovation assumes a preponderant role in generating wealth for nations. Recent scientific research highlights the important role that the Forage Palm (Opuntia ficus-indica) can play, both in traditional activities such as human and animal feeding, and in advanced applications such as medicine and pharmacology, nutrition, chemical engineering, biotechnology and water and soil treatment. The aim of this study is to survey the technological innovation potential associated with the Forage Palm. This is a qualitative study, which uses research on the basis of scientific publications and patents, with the purpose of conducting a technological survey. The searches were carried out at the bases SCOPUS (Elsevier) and PATENTSCOPE (WIPO). The searches were carried out at the SCOPUS (Elsevier), WEB OF SCIENCE and SCIENCE DIRECT bases, for scientific articles, and PATENTSCOPE (WIPO), ESPACENET (EPO) and INPI, for patents. The results indicate that the Forage Palm presents a high potential to be incorporated in technological innovation projects, given its structural characteristics and possibilities of use in several applications, as well as its employment as an economic alternative to contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the population that inhabits the Brazilian semi-arid. / No atual contexto de rápidas e descontínuas mudanças, a inovação tecnológica assume papel preponderante na geração de riquezas para as nações. Pesquisas científicas recentes evidenciam o papel relevante que a Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica) pode desempenhar, tanto em atividades tradicionais como alimentação humana e de animais, quanto em aplicações avançadas, como medicina e farmacologia, nutrição, engenharia química, biotecnologia e tratamento da água e dos solos. O objetivo deste estudo envolve o levantamento de potencialidades de inovação tecnológica associadas com a Palma Forrageira. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utiliza pesquisas em bases de publicações científicas e de patentes, com o propósito de realizar uma prospecção tecnológica. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases SCOPUS (Elsevier), WEB OF SCIENCE e SCIENCE DIRECT, para artigos científicos, e PATENTSCOPE (WIPO), ESPACENET (EPO) e INPI, para patentes. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a Palma Forrageira apresenta elevado potencial para ser incorporada em projetos de inovação tecnológica, dadas suas características estruturais e possibilidades de utilização em diversas aplicações, bem como seu emprego como alternativa econômica para contribuir com a melhoria das condições de vida da população que habita o semiárido brasileiro.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-14T13:58:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 María Julieta Abba_.pdf: 3862112 bytes, checksum: a313c0629e62dc9eb23f302af2fcaa89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T13:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 María Julieta Abba_.pdf: 3862112 bytes, checksum: a313c0629e62dc9eb23f302af2fcaa89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No atual contexto de internacionalização da educação superior na América Latina, este trabalho investiga os limites que enfrentam e as potencialidades que apresentam os estudos de caso da Universidade Federal para a Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA-Brasil), e a Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM-Cuba), para se desenvolver como experiências de universidades e de internacionalização necessária. Desta forma, se realiza um estudo qualitativo, de tipo descritivo e exploratório, que se fundamenta mediante um enfoque histórico, estrutural e dialético. Utilizaram-se diversas fontes de dados como entrevistas semi-estruturadas, questionários, observações registradas no caderno de campo e um registro fotográfico; enquanto as técnicas escolhidas para a análise das informações foram a triangulação de dados e a análise documental. Na dimensão teórica, a pesquisa se sustenta em autores clássicos e contemporâneos que colaboram para o estudo da identidade e do pensamento latino-americano, assim como da universidade e da internacionalização da educação superior como elementos que envolvem forças em constante tensão. A este respeito, se utiliza a antinomia construída por Darcy Ribeiro sobre a universidade questionada e a universidade necessária, para problematizar a abordagem das principais temáticas deste trabalho. As categorias de análise se construíram a partir destes aportes teóricos, contemplando três categorias em cada modelo de universidade. Na universidade questionada: 1) Dependência, 2) Exclusão, e 3) Relação inorgânica entre universidade-sociedade; e na universidade necessária: 1) Autonomia, 2) Diálogo intercultural crítico e transversal, e 3) Relação orgânica entre universidade-sociedade. Após a implementação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados, desenvolvida no campo empírico, se efetuou a matriz de análises, organizada por eixos que incluíam uma relação de tensão entre diversas categorias dos dois modelos de universidade, assim como por dimensões, construídas a partir dos atores da investigação: gestores, docentes e estudantes/graduados. A triangulação de dados permitiu constatar que as experiências da UNILA e da ELAM apresentam semelhanças enquanto aos limites e potencialidades significativas para desenvolver-se como experiências de universidades e de internacionalização necessária. Entre os limites pode-se destacar a vulnerabilidade às mudanças de contexto econômico-político nacional, regional e internacional, o qual trouxe consigo um segundo limite que foi a modificação do projeto institucional que deu origem a ambas universidades. As potencialidade encontradas foram a promoção da integração regional; a preocupação pela formação de pensamento crítico; o ambiente de interculturalidade e diversidade; o enriquecimento pessoal e acadêmico a partir do intercâmbio com diferentes culturas; a formação através de valores como a solidariedade e o humanismo; e a resistência frente aos embates e mudanças políticas-econômicas em diferentes níveis. Considera-se que os limites e as potencialidades encontradas na UNILA e na ELAM convivem sob uma relação de tensão desde o interior de cada uma delas, sendo estas disputas um motor essencial para conseguir viabilizar esta concepção de outra internacionalização: a necessária. / Within the current context of internationalization of higher education in Latin America, this work investigates the potentialities and the limits encountered in the case study approach of the Universidade Federal para a Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA-Brasil) and the Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM-Cuba), to develop themselves as needed experiences of universities and internationalization in higher education. Thus, it is realized a qualitative study of descriptive and exploratory type, which is based through a historical, structural and dialectical approach. It was used diverse data sources as semi structured interviews, questionnaires, observations registered in the fieldnotes and photographic register; whilst the techniques chosen to analyze this data were the data triangulation and documental analysis. In the theoretical dimension, this research is based in classic and contemporary authors which collaborate to the studies of the identity and the Latin American thinking, as well as the university and the internationalization of higher education as elements which implicate constant straining forces. Thereupon, it was used the clash between two ideas designed by Darcy Ribeiro about the questioned university and the needed university, to problematize the approach of the dominant themes of this work. The analyzed categories were built from those theoretical contribution, contemplating tree categories in each university model. In the questioned university: 1) Dependency, 2) Exclusion, and 3) Inorganic relation between university – society; and in the needed university: 1) Autonomy, 2) Critic intercultural and transversal dialogue, and 3) Organic relation between university-society. After the implementation of the data collecting instruments, developed in the empirical field, the analyses were performed, it was organized in axes which included a strained relation between various categories of the two models of university, within some dimensions built from the investigated actors such as: managers, professors and students/alumni. The data triangulation allowed to verify that the experiences of UNILA and ELAM show significative resemblance concerning the limits and potentialities of those two universities to develop themselves in experiences of university and internationalization needed. Among the limits stands out the vulnerability to changes in the economical – political and national context, which brought forward a second limit which was the modification of the institutional project the very one which gave origin to both universities. The potentialities found were the promotion of regional integration; the concern for formation of a critical thinking; the intercultural and diverse environment; the personal and academic enrichment from the perspective of interchange with diverse cultures; the formation through values such as solidarity and humanism; and the resistance in face of blows and political – economical changes at distinct levels. It is considered that the limits and potentialities found at UNILA and ELAM live together under a strain relation in the indwelling of each one of them, being these quarrels the essential engine to get to make feasible this conception of other internationalization: the needed one. / En el actual contexto de internacionalización de la educación superior en América Latina, este trabajo investiga los límites que enfrentan y las potencialidades que presentan los estudios de caso de la Universidade Federal para a Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA-Brasil), y la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM-Cuba), para desarrollarse como experiencias de universidades y de internacionalización necesaria. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, que se fundamenta mediante un enfoque histórico, estructural y dialéctico. Se utilizaron diversas fuentes de datos como entrevistas semi-estructuradas, cuestionarios, observaciones registradas en cuaderno de campo y un registro fotográfico; mientras que las técnicas escogidas para el análisis de las informaciones fueron la triangulación de datos y el análisis documental. En la dimensión teórica, la investigación se sustenta en autores clásicos y contemporáneos que colaboran para el estudio de la identidad y del pensamiento latinoamericano, así como de la universidad y de la internacionalización de la educación superior como elementos que involucran fuerzas en constante tensión. Al respecto, se utiliza la antinomia construida por Darcy Ribeiro sobre la universidad cuestionada y la universidad necesaria, para problematizar el abordaje de las principales temáticas de este trabajo. Las categorías de análisis se construyeron a partir de estos aportes teóricos, contemplando tres categorías en cada modelo de universidad. En la universidad cuestionada: 1) Dependencia, 2) Exclusión, y 3) Relación inorgánica entre universidad-sociedad; y en la universidad necesaria: 1) Autonomía, 2) Dialogo intercultural crítico y transversal, y 3) Relación orgánica entre universidad-sociedad. Luego de la implementación de los instrumentos de recolección de datos, desarrollada en el campo empírico, se efectuó la matriz de análisis, organizada por ejes que incluían una relación de tensión entre diversas categorías de los dos modelos de universidad, así como por dimensiones, construidas a partir de los actores de la investigación: gestores, docentes y estudiantes/graduados. La triangulación de datos permitió constatar que las experiencias de UNILA y la ELAM presentan similitudes en cuanto a los límites y potencialidades significativas para desarrollarse como experiencias de universidades y de internacionalización necesaria. Entre los límites se puede destacar la vulnerabilidad a los cambios del contexto económico-político nacional, regional e internacional, lo cual trajo aparejado un segundo límite que fue la modificación del proyecto institucional que dio origen a ambas universidades. Las potencialidades encontradas fueron la promoción de la integración regional; la preocupación por la formación de pensamiento crítico; el ambiente de interculturalidad y diversidad; el enriquecimiento personal y académico a partir del intercambio con diferentes culturas; la formación a través de valores como la solidaridad y el humanismo; y la resistencia frente a los embates y cambios políticos-económicos en diferentes niveles. Se considera que los límites y potencialidades encontrados en la UNILA y la ELAM conviven bajo una relación de tensión hacia el interior de cada una de ellas, siendo estas disputas un motor esencial para conseguir viabilizar esa concepción de otra universidad y de otra internacionalización: la necesaria.

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a análise do processo de gestão costeira no Brasil, ao acompanhar e analisar a implementação de um projeto local de gestão costeira integrada - o projeto Ecomanage, que está sendo desenvolvido na região estuarina de Santos - São Vicente, SP (em fase final) e que pretende fornecer ferramentas gerenciais práticas e eficientes para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. A gestão costeira integrada, atual paradígima da gestão costeira mundial e cujos princípios foram incorporados pelo Programa Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro do Brasil, é um processo interativo que vai se redefinindo ao longo do tempo e de acordo com a experiência. Para tal, é necessário que se concretizem avaliações quanto às dificuldades e oportunidades encontradas, de maneira a que os seus procedimentos sejam retificados de acordo e suas metas sejam cumpridas para se concretizar o seu objetivo maior, o de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável das zonas costeiras. Na avaliação efetuada do projeto Ecomanage verificou-se que a sua implementação foi fortemente influenciada por condicionantes de natureza político-institucional, técnico-administrativo e sócio-cultural, em muito comuns aos que têm sido apontados para o gerenciamento consteiro nacional e também mundial. No entanto, apesar das dificuldades, foi possível estabelecer uma importante colaboração com atores locais da região, tendo sido, inclusive, firmado parcerias com atores governamentais que irão possibilitar continuar o trabalho iniciado pelo projeto. / The present work intends to promote the debate about coastal management in Brazil by analyzing the implementation of a local project of integrated coastal management - the Ecomanage project, that is being developed in the Santos - São Vicente estuarine system, SP, Brazil, (in its final phase), which main goals are to provide effective and practical management tools to assist in decision-making. Integrated coastal management is the actual paradigm in coastal management and its principles have been incorporated to Brazil\'s National Coastal Management Programme. Being an iterative process that redefines itself as it is developed and practice is acquired, evaluation of its main difficulties and opportunities is essential to guide its procedures in order to achive its main objective, the sustainable development of coastal zones. The evaluation made to project Ecomanage showed that there were important political, institutional, technical and socio-cultural obstacles to its implementation and that these were at a large extent similar to those that have been identified in coastal management practiced in Brazil and in the world. Nevertheless, important cooperation relationships with local parties could still be established and partnerships carry on the work initiated by the Ecomanage project in the region.

Le présent travail de recherche aborde la question du projet urbain appliqué dans le cas de la métropole algéroise. Dans cette ville des chantiers de grande ampleur ont été engagés: réseaux routiers et autoroutiers, grands équipements, réseaux de transport, etc. La démarche globale y a été formalisée dans le Plan Stratégique Alger 2030. Ce plan, dans les choix qu’il propose, réfère à de nombreuses expériences. Les éléments d’exécution du plan ne montrent cependant pas la prise en compte réelle de l’esprit de ces expériences. En situation d’incertitude quant à une mise en œuvre effective de projet, nous avons questionné le Plan Stratégique pour vérifier dans quelle mesure il mettait en acte les principes auxquels il réfère dans le discours. L’analyse a montré que ce plan est réduit dans les faits et les pratiques à une fonction de dessin en déficit de dessein. Ce Plan Stratégique semble éloigné de l’esprit du projet urbain : un plan qui ne s’appuie pas sur la connaissance et l’analyse du réel urbain, ni sur l’examen ou l’exploration de scénarii, ni sur ce que pourraient apporter les démarches de concertation et de débat, soit, de tout ce qui fait le projet urbain. / The present research addresses the issue of Urban Design applied to the case of Algiers metropolis. In this city, large-scale projects have been undertaken during the last decade : highway infrastructure, major equipements, urban and suburban transport networks, etc. The overall approach has been formalized in the Algiers 2030 Strategic Plan. The choices that this plan offers, are drawn from many experiences. Nevertheless, the delivery elements of the plan do not reflect the spirit of the experiences refered to. In a situation of uncertainty regarding the real execution of the project, we have examined the Strategic Plan to check how to put into practice the principles contained in its discourse. The analysis showed that the plan is reduced in practice to a plan drawing function without a purpose, an aim or a vision. This Strategic Plan seems far from the Urban Design approach : a plan that does not rely on a knowledge and an analysis of urban reality, the examination and the exploration of possible futur outcomes, nor what a consultation process and debate could bring, that is to say, all of which makes the Urban Design.

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a análise do processo de gestão costeira no Brasil, ao acompanhar e analisar a implementação de um projeto local de gestão costeira integrada - o projeto Ecomanage, que está sendo desenvolvido na região estuarina de Santos - São Vicente, SP (em fase final) e que pretende fornecer ferramentas gerenciais práticas e eficientes para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. A gestão costeira integrada, atual paradígima da gestão costeira mundial e cujos princípios foram incorporados pelo Programa Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro do Brasil, é um processo interativo que vai se redefinindo ao longo do tempo e de acordo com a experiência. Para tal, é necessário que se concretizem avaliações quanto às dificuldades e oportunidades encontradas, de maneira a que os seus procedimentos sejam retificados de acordo e suas metas sejam cumpridas para se concretizar o seu objetivo maior, o de promover o desenvolvimento sustentável das zonas costeiras. Na avaliação efetuada do projeto Ecomanage verificou-se que a sua implementação foi fortemente influenciada por condicionantes de natureza político-institucional, técnico-administrativo e sócio-cultural, em muito comuns aos que têm sido apontados para o gerenciamento consteiro nacional e também mundial. No entanto, apesar das dificuldades, foi possível estabelecer uma importante colaboração com atores locais da região, tendo sido, inclusive, firmado parcerias com atores governamentais que irão possibilitar continuar o trabalho iniciado pelo projeto. / The present work intends to promote the debate about coastal management in Brazil by analyzing the implementation of a local project of integrated coastal management - the Ecomanage project, that is being developed in the Santos - São Vicente estuarine system, SP, Brazil, (in its final phase), which main goals are to provide effective and practical management tools to assist in decision-making. Integrated coastal management is the actual paradigm in coastal management and its principles have been incorporated to Brazil\'s National Coastal Management Programme. Being an iterative process that redefines itself as it is developed and practice is acquired, evaluation of its main difficulties and opportunities is essential to guide its procedures in order to achive its main objective, the sustainable development of coastal zones. The evaluation made to project Ecomanage showed that there were important political, institutional, technical and socio-cultural obstacles to its implementation and that these were at a large extent similar to those that have been identified in coastal management practiced in Brazil and in the world. Nevertheless, important cooperation relationships with local parties could still be established and partnerships carry on the work initiated by the Ecomanage project in the region.

L’écologie de la restauration est une discipline scientifique qui a vu le jour il y a une quarantaine d’années pour tenter de compenser les impacts négatifs du développement des sociétés sur les écosystèmes. Aujourd’hui, suite à des méta-analyses planétaires révélant le succès relatif des opérations de restauration écologique, une nouvelle question émerge : faut-il restaurer activement ou laisser en libre évolution les écosystèmes dégradés ? C’est dans ce contexte que ce projet de thèse a eu lieu avec une démarche qui s’est voulue pluridisciplinaire et a porté sur l’étude de l’impact de carrières sur la steppe méditerranéenne de Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Deux cas ont été pris en compte, (i) d’anciennes carrières exploitées dans les années 1970 et abandonnées présentant une diversité de modalités d’exploitation ou de réaménagement et, (ii) une carrière encore en cours d’exploitation dont la législation oblige la remise en état. L’objectif est de mieux identifier les éventuels verrous scientifiques en matière de connaissances pour la restauration et mieux définir les attentes sociétales afin de proposer au final une stratégie générale destinée à servir à la gestion future de ces écosystèmes. Les recherches de cette thèse se sont basées sur deux grandes questions, réflexions : (1) Les opérations de restauration écologique mises en place permettent-elles de restaurer l’écosystème de référence (= ici l’écosystème préexistant) ? En comparant différents traitements de restauration sur le long terme (transfert de sol selon différentes modalités, dépôts de matériaux anthropogéniques, absence de réhabilitation), nous avons pu montrer que le transfert de sol reste une bonne méthode, surtout lorsque les caractéristiques initiales du sol sont respectées. Néanmoins, il ne compense toujours pas à moyen-terme (35 ans) la destruction de l'écosystème préexistant : le sol et la communauté végétale de la steppe de référence ne sont pas encore complètement rétablis. Une deuxième technique de mélange de sol lorsque le sol originel n’est plus disponible a également été testée, mais elle ne présente pas non plus un succès total de restauration à court terme (3 ans). Une deuxième question s’est donc posée en parallèle: (2) Sans restauration active, quelle est la valeur de la biodiversité générée par les activités humaines ? Et plus globalement, quelles natures voulons-nous ? Les carrières ont détruit l’écosystème steppique qui préexistait mais ont créé également de nouvelles conditions (pédologiques, de nouveaux habitats) qui soutiennent le fonctionnement et la connectivité d’espèces pionnières et abritent une importante biodiversité patrimoniale absente de l’écosystème d’origine. De plus, la comparaison entre les paysages de carrières et l’écosystème de référence auprès de différents acteurs territoriaux et du grand public a montré que les anciennes carrières sont perçues comme étant beaucoup plus naturelles que la steppe de référence et qu’elles sont également associées à une importante biodiversité. Ces résultats pourraient donc réorienter les choix de restauration ou de gestion, afin de choisir entre 1) ce qui est actuellement recommandé (une restauration active appliquée en fin d’exploitation avec l’écosystème historique en référence) et 2) une libre expression de la nature férale encore appelée restauration passive (avec ou pas réaffectation initiale ; i.e. où l’écosystème de référence est différent de l’écosystème préexistant). / Restoration ecology is a scientific discipline that has emerged forty years ago to try to compensate the negative impacts of society development on ecosystems. Today, following global meta-analyzes revealing the relative success of ecological restoration, a new question emerges: should we actively or passively restore degraded ecosystems? It is in this context that this thesis project took place with a multidisciplinary approach and focused on the study of quarrying impacts on the Mediterranean steppe of Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France). Two cases were taken into account: (i) old quarries operated in the 1970s and abandoned then, presenting a variety of exploitation types or rehabilitation modalities, and (ii) a quarry still in the process of exploitation, the legislation now requiring repairs. The aim is to better identify possible scientific obstacles in the field of knowledge for ecological restoration and better define societal expectations in order to finally propose a general strategy intended to serve the future management of these ecosystems. The research of this thesis was based on two major questions, reflections: (1) Do ecological restoration actions restore the reference ecosystem (= the pre-existing ecosystem)? By comparing different long-term restoration treatments (various types of soil transfers, anthropogenic deposits, lack of rehabilitation), we were able to show that soil transfer is still the best method, especially when the initial characteristics of the soil are respected. However, it still does not compensate in the medium term (35 years) for the destruction of the pre-existing ecosystem: the soil and the plant community of the reference steppe are not completely restored yet. A second soil mixing technique used when the original soil is no longer available has also been tested, but it is not very successful either in the short-term (3 years). A second question arose in parallel: (2) Without active restoration, what is the value of biodiversity generated by human activities? And more generally, what kind of nature do we want? Quarries have destroyed the pre-existing steppe ecosystem but have also created new conditions (soil, new habitats) that support the functioning and connectivity of pioneer species and shelter important heritage biodiversity that is absent from the pre-existing ecosystem. In addition, the comparison between the quarry landscapes and the reference ecosystem landscapes with different stakeholders and the general public has shown that the old quarries are perceived as being much more natural than the reference steppe and that they are also associated to an important biodiversity. These results could therefore reorient the choice of restoration or management, in order to choose between 1) what is currently recommended (active restoration applied after the end of quarry exploitation with the historical ecosystem as a reference) and 2) the free expression of feral nature also called passive restoration (with or without reclamation, i.e. where the reference ecosystem is different from the pre-existing ecosystem).