In my essay, I explore the dilemma how I respond to the various hobbies that children carry with them to preschool. I want to be able to allow every child to take part of their hobbies at preschool, but I still get stuck in accepting some hobbies, while I deny others. In my stories, I focus on two situations where I have a hard time accepting the children's hobbies, because I think they interfer with preschool routine. Through my questions, I then go on to examine why I react like this, and how I could act differently towards these children. My method is to write a scientific essay, where I explore my own experience through writing, and reflect on my dilemma by looking at it from different angles. I set out from a hermeneutic perspective, where Hans-George Gadamer's theories on preconceptions and the horizon of understanding form a base for my reflections. I've chosen to explore two different approaches that I could take in my response towards the children. One is based on Gert Biesta's thoughts on a pedagogy of interruption, which is about interrupting the children in what they are doing, to make them take a break from their repetitive behaviour and give them new ways to access their hobbies. The other approach departs from Carina Fast's studies on literacy and the potential children have to learn through popular culture, and where I try to base my actions on what they children are currently doing, to elaborate on that instead. I try to apply both of these approaches on my stories, and reflect on how they would work here and what this could lead to. I feel that no two situations are the same and that I can't tell for sure that a certain method is going to work every time, thus I will have to see each and every situation for what it is and try different approaches each time.

No description available.

Aim of the study is to focus on pupils' perceive of challenging probability problems within the second stage of primary school (age 12-15), especially aimed at pupils' mental blocks in intuitive and false beliefs or conjectures on the probability of events. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic terms correlated with propedeutics of probability. The practical part of the work pursues intuitive solving of the challenging probability problems, especially of the Monty Hall problem. In the thesis research will be applied: the questionnaire method, tasks including probability problems, (group) work observation and examination of reasoning behind the probability problems followed by interviews with pupils focused on probability misconception phenomena. Findings of this study will be based on collected data analytics and a résumé of pupils' preconceptions about the field of probability and their ability to accept reeducation to their own-made misconceptions. KEYWORDS: Preconceptions, Misconceptions, Probability, Intuitive Ideas, Primary school

This diploma thesis deals with the issues and the diagnostics of preconceptions relating to technical education. The theory is focused on the process of learning, constructivist pedagogy, content of technical education for the first grade of primary schools and methods of data collection in educational research. In the practical part investigates grades of integration of preconceptions using questionnaires and cognitive maps. In the practical section provides information about the performed research, processing results and the conclusions drawn from them. The respondents were pupils of 4th and 5th grade of elementary school Nuselská in Havlíčkův Brod.

Alcohol is a psychoactive drug, licit, accept , and no stigmatized by society, consumed by 80% of the population. Being responsible for death of 3.2% of world population. Particularly during childhood and adolescence alcohol use is associated with increased susceptibility to physical illness, mental, social, legal and the increasing abuse and dependence during the adulthood . Since that the World Health Organization points to alcohol as the drug of choice among children and adolescents is necessary for the prevention of alcohol use should be considered in school. Aiming at assessing the conceptions of adolescents about alcohol use and compare them with the scientific information coming from a literature review to provide information to educators that the issue be discussed in the classroom, a study was conducted in two high schools in Santa Mariano Rio Grande do Sul Pupils of the first, second, third, middle schools, 15 to 18 years old. The research approach is qualitative and quantitative. There were three questions: 1 - Write down what comes to mind when thinking about alcohol. 2 - What are the harm of alcohol you know? 3-What are the benefits of alcohol you know? The data was then a content analysis. Recording units were deployed (meaningful units) which were grouped by affinity (emerging category). There was great acceptance in the use of alcohol for the pursuit of pleasure, euphoria, relaxation, joy and celebration and little knowledge of the risks to the user's health, family relations, the community and legal problems. These data show that students' conceptions are far from scientific concepts, reinforcing the importance of prior assessment of them. With regard to Education for Health, this study considers that the use of alcoholic beverages is a very important theme that should be part of cross-cutting themes in schools, entered the National Curricular Parameters (PCN). This knowledge about the effects of alcohol should be discussed in school with students and educators in order to change previous conceptions, building new knowledge and modifying behavior. / O álcool é uma droga psicoativa, licita, aceita e pouco estigmatizada pela sociedade e consumida por 80% da população. Sendo responsável pela morte de 3,2% da população mundial. Particularmente na infância e na adolescência o uso do álcool está relacionado com maior predisposição à doenças físicas, mentais, problemas sociais, legais e ao aumento do uso abusivo e dependência durante a vida adulta.Tendo em vista que a Organização Mundial de Saúde aponta o álcool como a droga de escolha entre crianças e adolescentes é necessário que a prevenção do uso de bebidas alcoólicas seja considerada na escola. Tendo como objetivo avaliar as concepções dos adolescentes sobre o uso de bebidas alcoólicas e compará-las com as informações científicas, obtendo assim informações para que o tema seja discutido em sala de aula, foi realizado um estudo em duas escolas de ensino médio da cidade de Santa Maria no Rio Grande do Sul. Neste estudo participaram alunos do 1º, 2º, e 3º ano do ensino médio, de 15 a 18 anos de idade. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram feitas três questões abertas : 1-Escreva o que lhe vem à mente quando pensa em bebidas alcoólicas. 2- Quais os malefícios das bebidas alcoólicas que você conhece? 3-Quais os benefícios das bebidas alcoólicas que você conhece? Os dados passaram por uma análise de conteúdo. Foram destacadas unidades de registro (unidades significantes) as quais foram agrupadas por afinidade (categorias emergentes). Observou-se muita aceitação no uso do álcool para busca do prazer, da euforia, relaxamento, alegria e confraternização e pouco conhecimento dos riscos para a saúde do usuário, para as relações familiares, para a comunidade e de problemas legais. Estes dados mostram que o as concepções dos alunos estão distantes de conceitos científicos, reforçando a importância da avaliação prévia das mesmas. No que se refere à Educação para a Saúde, este estudo considera que o uso de bebidas alcoólicas é um tema de grande relevância, que deve fazer parte dos temas transversais nas escolas, inseridos nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN). Estes conhecimentos sobre os efeitos das bebidas alcoólicas devem ser discutidos na escola com alunos e educadores, a fim de modificar as concepções prévias, construindo um novo conhecimento e modificando o comportamento.

The aim of this study is to examine how boys, in the context of honour, are perceived by teachers and what kind of efforts are being taken in specific situations. The study is based on seven qualitative interviews with high school teachers, from four different schools in the Stockholm County, using five vignettes. The interviews were processed using a thematic analysis and the result was analysed with the help of Christie’s theory about ideal and non-ideal victims, the theory of street-level bureaucracy and to some extent pathological altruism. The results show that the teachers in general find it easier to define girls as victims rather than boys. The teachers themselves think the reason for that can be that boys are perceived to have more power over their own situation and a freedom that the girls lack. Loud and aggressive behavior complicates the boy’s victimhood further. Reports of concern to Social services are rarely mentioned and is to be taken care of by school counselors or principals. The teachers defined it as the process, but also expressed a feeling of lack of knowledge and in some cases an unwillingness to act due to a fear of prejudging.

yes / The full text of the author's final draft was made available May 2016, at the end of the publisher's embargo.

yes

1 Abstract: The main parameters describing content and the accessibility of information from textbooks are many aspects such as text difficulty and others. Individual characteristics of pupils - that are represented by chosen student preconceptions and misconceptions - also belong to key factors. The providing of the comprehensive view of the issues regarding analysis and the linking of acquired pieces of knowledge with the practical textbook creation have been the main aims of this dissertation. The creation of an instructional text follows the analysis results of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism in chosen textbooks and the preconception analysis of biochemical terms. The instructional text respects the results of the analysis. The theoretical background of textbook creation (the functions of textbooks, their structure, content, characteristics and investigated parameters) has been described in detail in the theoretical part of this doctoral thesis. It is followed by the survey of the information concerning student preconceptions and the possibilities for their analysis and use in teaching. The aspects of textbooks use from the perspective of pupils, teachers and publishers, as well as the relation of the topic carbohydrates and their metabolism to curriculum documents have been described in...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeSFN_DISSERT.pdf: 1830875 bytes, checksum: cab92fad26402f8ffafa1b30a4f983b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Water is essential to life and all living organisms and their supply is necessary for economic development and quality of life of human populations, but their quality has been altered by human actions. In semi-arid northeast, the water is an issue of concern, especially its quality. This region is common to the construction of reservoirs that capture rain water, streams and temporary rivers in search of ease this situation, being intended for various purposes. Water scarcity is a limiting factor for the economic and social development of the region and contributes to the maintenance of waterborne diseases. About 80% of diseases that occur in developing countries are infected by waterborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine in two environments that are part of semil?nticos Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves reservoir, and a stretch of the river Assu, all located in the semiarid RN, the occurrence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria; check the conceptions of teachers and health workers about the issues "waterborne diseases" and "bacteria" and a diagnosis of diarrheal diseases that affect the population in some municipalities of the semi-arid region of RN from a survey of epidemiological data. For identification of bacteria using commercial kits and the diagnosis of diarrheal disease was based on information from databases. The previous conceptions of teachers and health workers were obtained through questionnaires. The results confirmed the presence of opportunistic bacteria in the studied area, showing the importance of monitoring water quality. There was an under-reporting of cases of diarrhea pointing out flaws in the monitoring of Diarrheal Diseases and indicating the need to improve it. It was felt also the need to implement educational activities on topics dealt with both with teachers and health workers, since they were identified misconceptions on the subject / A ?gua ? essencial ? vida e a todos os organismos vivos e o seu suprimento ? necess?rio para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e para a qualidade de vida das popula??es humanas, mas sua qualidade vem sendo alterada pelas a??es antr?picas. No semi?rido nordestino, a ?gua ? uma quest?o preocupante, especialmente a sua qualidade. Nessa regi?o ? comum a constru??o de reservat?rios, que captam ?guas de chuvas, c?rregos e rios tempor?rios, na busca de amenizar essa situa??o, sendo destinados para diversas finalidades. A escassez de ?gua ? limitante para o desenvolvimento econ?mico e social da regi?o e contribui com a manuten??o das doen?as de veicula??o h?drica. Cerca de 80% das doen?as que ocorrem em pa?ses em desenvolvimento s?o veiculadas pela ?gua contaminada por microrganismos patog?nicos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou determinar, em dois ambientes semil?nticos que fazem parte do reservat?rio Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves, e em um trecho do rio Assu, todos localizados no semi-?rido potiguar, a ocorr?ncia de bact?rias patog?nicas oportunistas; verificar as concep??es de professores e agentes de sa?de a respeito dos temas doen?as de veicula??o h?drica e bact?rias , e realizar um diagn?stico das doen?as diarr?icas que acometem a popula??o de alguns munic?pios do semi-?rido do RN a partir do levantamento de dados epidemiol?gicos. Para identifica??o das bact?rias utilizaram-se kits comerciais, e o diagn?stico das doen?as diarr?icas foi realizado com base em informa??es de bancos de dados. As concep??es pr?vias de professores e agentes de sa?de foram obtidas por meio da aplica??o de question?rios. Os resultados confirmaram a presen?a de bact?rias oportunistas nos ambientes estudados, evidenciando a import?ncia de vigil?ncia da qualidade da ?gua. Verificou-se uma sub-notifica?ao de casos de diarr?ias apontando falhas no Monitoramento das Doen?as Diarr?icas, e indicando a necessidade de aprimor?-lo. Percebeu-se, ainda, a necessidade de implementa??o de atividades educativas sobre os temas abordados, tanto com os professores como com os agentes de sa?de, uma vez que foram identificadas concep??es equivocadas sobre o tema