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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Canecchio Ferreirinho.pdf: 1896005 bytes, checksum: 0d16a996751b89d515ea25a4261ac960 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work investigates the teachers‟ socialization in the teaching career in the initial grades of Primary School in the city of São Paulo. It is inserted into the group of researches about teachers‟ socialization according to a critical perspective and a relational approach, that considers the relation between school and society, understanding the teacher as a product and a producer of culture and the school within the society, that is, one cannot be understood without the other. From the initial observation that teachers shift schools many times during their trajectory in the career, the research was divided into two parts. First of all, in 2007, quantitative data was collected, by means of the application of a questionnaire to 156 teachers, from 17 primary schools (initial grades), focusing on the teachers‟ shifts in the city, the position of their favorite schools, their reasons for this preference, besides personal characteristics such as: age, children, concentration of job functions, factors that interfere in the choice of the schools. Secondly, in 2008, seven teachers were selected, among those who had participated in the first part, in order to answer semi-structured interviews, based on specific guidelines, aiming to deepen into aspects that compose the teachers‟ trajectories in the teaching career. Supported by Pierre Bourdieu‟s concept of habitus instrument that allows us to understand schemes, practices, wishes, common to the subjects or to the groups who share the same social trajectory it was possible to identify common features presented by the teachers in their depositions. The constant shifts described by the teachers reveal aspects of a school culture that are presented and incorporated during the trajectory through several schools and that give bureaucratical characterists to the teaching work. Those shifts also reveal relationships of domination within the schools and evidence the power structure inside the city territory. To understand the construction of those teachers‟ process of socialization, we observed aspects related to disposals according to their family, career socialization their ingress in the profession; career rules; differences among the schools; relationship with colleagues and technical team; adjustment of schools, teaching nets, timetables; differences/similarities among segments, nets and educational politics besides disposals related to gender and the cities, that include the school community and the shifts / Este trabalho investiga a socialização de professores na carreira do magistério das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental da cidade de São Paulo. Insere-se no espaço destinado a pesquisas sobre socialização de professores numa perspectiva crítica e na abordagem relacional, que considera a relação escola e sociedade, percebendo o professor como produto e produtor de cultura e a escola inserida na sociedade, ou seja, um não pode ser compreendido sem o outro. Partindo da observação inicial de que os professores mudam muitas vezes de escola durante sua trajetória na carreira, a pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas. Na primeira, no ano de 2007, foram recolhidos dados quantitativos, por meio da aplicação de um questionário a 156 professores, de 17 escolas do ensino fundamental I, focalizando o deslocamento dos professores na cidade, a posição das escolas preferidas por eles, os motivos dessa preferência, além de características gerais pessoais como: idade, filhos, acúmulo de cargos, fatores que interferem na escolha das escolas. Na segunda etapa, em 2008, foram selecionadas sete professoras, dentre aquelas que participaram da primeira fase, para a realização de entrevistas semi-estruradas, com auxílio de roteiro específico, visando aprofundar aspectos que compõem as trajetórias dos professores na carreira do magistério. Com o apoio do conceito de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu instrumento que permite a percepção de esquemas, práticas, desejos, comuns a sujeitos ou grupos que compartilham uma mesma trajetória social foi possível identificar disposições comuns apresentadas pelas professoras em seus depoimentos. As mudanças constantes descritas pelas professoras revelam aspectos da cultura escolar que são apresentados e incorporados durante a trajetória entre as diversas escolas e que conferem à função docente características da burocracia. Revelam também relações de dominação dentro das escolas e evidenciam a estrutura do poder no espaço territorial da cidade. Para construção do processo de socialização dessas professoras foram observados aspectos relacionados às disposições de origem familiar, disposições de socialização na carreira entrada na profissão; regras da carreira; diferenças entre as escolas; relação com colegas e equipe técnica; conciliação de escolas, redes de ensino, horários; diferenças/semelhanças entre segmentos, redes e políticas educacionais além de disposições de gênero e disposições da cidade, que incluem a comunidade da escola e os deslocamentos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was carried out between 2007 and 2009, inside the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação from UFSM/RS, linked to Research Project Dilemas e Perspectivas para a Inovação Educacional na Educação Básica e na Formação de Professores (DIPIED) and to the Studies, Researches and Interventions Group Inovação Educacional, Práticas Educativas e Formação de Professores (INOVAEDUC) . The main purpose was to characterize the professional identity construction process of Pre-service Curricular Training (PCT) teachers at Teacher Education Courses (TEC), in order to contribute to a better understanding of these function development particularities and the formative and professional activities that can help in this function development. For that, we proposed the following research problem: In which proportion the PCT teachers professional identity formation conditioning factors interfere in the professional identity formation of a professional group that develops this function? To carry out this research, we used a qualitative approach, through we did 45 structured individuals interviews with PCT teachers. In the total, considering that some people were interviewed in two different steps of the work, we involved 31 PCT supervising teachers in 15 of the 19 TEC from UFSM. To analyse the interviews, we applied some principles from the called Análise do Conteúdo. We pointed out some factors that conditioning the PCT teachers professional identity formation process investigated and we present them in an non-growing order of importance in this process: (1) initial identification process with PCT supervision function, in special, the activities mentioned as basis to this process; (2) the essential characteristics and set of knowledge to develop this function, considering their responsibility for pre-service students professional as well personal formation; (3) the formative teachers individuals conceptions related to PCT supervision function, which, several of them are very similar to a certain pedagogical ideals or to a consolidated pedagogical common sense; (4) the constant confrontation between relational and biographic components from the identity formation, being that the first seems weakened , due to the absence or reduced interactive forms among the formative teachers within the collective of PCT supervisors investigated; (5) the local professional culture of PCT supervisors collective , which interferes in the identity formation in less proportion, as consequence of the few interaction established among the formative teachers. Considering such factors and the relative importance of each one of them, we can affirm that the PCT teachers, from UFSM TEC, professional identity formation process is characterized by the individualism and it has as a basis the discovery of how developing this function from the own practice or from the moment in which the supervisors actions are disarticulated from models and practices that they lived in the students position, mainly, during their owns pre-service trainings. Besides, it is a gradual and unfinished process due to the how developing this function learning is strongly related to: (1) the changes that occur in the schools spaces; (2) the different troubles lived by the pre-service teachers during their practice development; (3) the institutional alterations, that occurs in the preservice schools or in the formative institution, or still the normative ones, originated from teaching system management official authorities, referent to the PCT organization and the development in TEC. / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre 2007 e 2009, no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFSM/RS, vinculada ao Projeto de Pesquisa Dilemas e Perspectivas para a Inovação Educacional na Educação Básica e na Formação de Professores (DIPIED) e ao Grupo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Intervenções Inovação Educacional, Práticas Educativas e Formação de Professores (INOVAEDUC) . O objetivo principal foi caracterizar o processo de construção da identidade profissional de professores orientadores de Estágio Curricular Pré-Profissional (ECPP) em Cursos de Licenciatura (CL), de modo a contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das especificidades inerentes ao desempenho dessa função e das atividades formativas e profissionais, possíveis de auxiliar no desempenho dessa função. Para isso, nos propusemos o seguinte problema de pesquisa: Em que medida os fatores condicionantes da formação da identidade profissional de professores orientadores de ECPP interferem na formação da identidade profissional de um grupo de profissionais que desempenham essa função? Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizamo-nos de uma abordagem qualitativa, mediante a qual realizamos 45 entrevistas individuais estruturadas com professores orientadores de ECPP. No total, considerando-se que alguns sujeitos foram entrevistados em duas etapas distintas do trabalho, envolvemos 31 professores que orientam ECPP em 15 dos 19 CL da UFSM. Para análise dessas entrevistas, empregamos alguns princípios da chamada Análise de Conteúdo. Evidenciamos alguns fatores que condicionam o processo de formação das identidades profissionais dos orientadores de ECPP investigados e os apresentamos em ordem decrescente de importância nesse processo: (1) o processo de identificação inicial com a função de orientação de ECPP, em especial, as atividades mencionadas como base para esse processo; (2) as características e os saberes essenciais para desempenho dessa função, considerando sua responsabilidade pela formação profissional, bem como pessoal, do aluno estagiário; (3) as concepções individuais dos formadores, relativas à função de orientação de ECPP, as quais, em boa parte, assemelham-se a um certo ideário pedagógico ou a um senso comum pedagógico consolidado; (4) o constante confronto entre o componente relacional e o componente biográfico da formação identitária, sendo que o primeiro se mostra enfraquecido , devido à ausência ou às reduzidas formas de interação entre os formadores dentro do coletivo de orientadores de ECPP investigado; (5) a cultura profissional local do coletivo de orientadores de ECPP, a qual condiciona a formação identitária em menor proporção, por conseqüência da pouca interação estabelecida entre os próprios formadores. Considerando tais fatores e a importância relativa de cada um deles, podemos afirmar que o processo de formação da identidade profissional de orientadores de ECPP, atuantes em CL da UFSM, caracteriza-se pelo individualismo e tem por base a descoberta de como desempenhar essa função, a partir da própria atuação ou a partir do momento em que as ações dos orientadores se desvinculam de modelos e de práticas que vivenciaram na condição de alunos, em especial, durante os seus próprios ECPP. Além disso, esse é um processo gradual e inacabado devido à aprendizagem de como desempenhar essa função estar fortemente relacionada com: (1) as mudanças que ocorrem no funcionamento dos espaços escolares; (2) os diferentes problemas vivenciados pelos alunos estagiários no desenvolvimento de suas práticas; (3) as alterações de caráter institucional, sejam elas efetivadas nas escolas campo de estágio ou efetivadas na agência formadora, ou ainda as de caráter normativo, emanadas das instâncias oficiais de administração dos sistemas de ensino, referentes à organização e ao desenvolvimento dos ECPP em CL.

Much scholarship on first-generation students has focused on their academic and social integration in college (Collier & Morgan, 2008; Lowery-Hart & Pacheco, 2011; Stuber, 2011). Little is known about the experiences of first-generation students in schools of social work. In this research I've expanded the focus beyond students' experiences of academic integration to explore how first-generation students in a school of social work describe their relational worlds and the implications for professional socialization. Informed by Standpoint Feminism and Postmodern/Post structural Feminism, I conducted focus groups with 19 students in two undergraduate programs and one graduate program in a school of social work and analyzed these conversations using Voice-centered Relational Data Analysis (Brown & Gilligan, 1992). This research highlighted how students bridge the cultures of home and school through 1) Experiences of support from home cultures while 2) pursuing school largely on their own and experiencing 3) the potential for distance from cultures of home, as they 4) work to stay integrated in home cultures while simultaneously 5) working to become integrated in school. I've also written about students' experiences of becoming caught "in-between" the cultures of home and school (Anzaldúa, 1987/2012), a less common but nevertheless important experience for educators to attend to. Here I've argued for broadening the focus beyond academic integration (Tinto, 1975, 1993) and underscored the relational nature of first-generation status, as well as drawing attention to potential for relational injury embedded in our narratives about educational attainment and class mobility. Implications for social work education, practice, and research are discussed.

La présente thèse propose d’observer les distinctions des attitudes face à la légitimité de la police et l’emploi de la force chez des futurs policiers québécois à différents stades de leur formation policière initiale en école. Plusieurs chercheurs et de nombreux policiers sont d’avis que le métier de policier est appris dans son intégralité sur le terrain et que, de facto, la formation en Académie de Police est inutile. Or, est-ce vraiment le cas? Se pourrait-il que la formation policière engendre des changements d’attitudes graduels et subtils chez les futurs policiers de sorte que ceux-ci sont imperceptibles, mais à la fois les préparent à l’exercice de la profession policière? C’est précisément ce que la thèse vise à documenter, en lien avec les questions de légitimité de la police et d’emploi de la force. La formation policière sera considérée avoir un apport si les futurs policiers plus avancés dans la formation ont des attitudes plus positives face à la légitimité de la police et sont plus favorables à l’emploi de la force que leurs collègues plus novices. Sans contredit, la littérature sur la légitimité de la police est vaste. Or, ce concept est, dans la grande majorité du temps, abordé de façon unidirectionnelle où les citoyens évaluent la légitimité de la police. Il est ici proposé de changer d’approche et d’adopter plutôt une perspective interactionniste et dialogique de la légitimité de la police où la perception de la légitimité de la police qu’ont les citoyens découle du regard que les policiers portent sur la légitimité de leur institution. Dans ce contexte, la formation policière est vue comme une voie de transmission de la légitimité de la police à laquelle sous-tend un processus de socialisation professionnelle qui permet l’adhésion à la culture policière. Ce sujet de recherche est abordé d’un point de vue macrosociologique grâce à une méthodologie quantitative basée sur une enquête transversale à mesures répétées. Concrètement, l’analyse consiste en des comparaisons de moyennes d’attitudes face à la légitimité de la police et face à l’emploi de la force à différents stades de la formation policière. Pour ce faire, les données ont été collectées, dans un premier temps, auprès de 1 494 futurs policiers en formation au Québec. Dans un deuxième temps, pour écarter l’hypothèse alternative que l’explication des écarts d’attitudes entre plusieurs groupes d’étudiants à différents stades de formation pourrait en fait provenir d’une maturation généralisée à tous les jeunes en phase d’émergence de l’âge adulte (c’est-à-dire, entre 18 et 25 ans), la thèse incorpore une dimension de comparaison avec des citoyens de la même tranche d’âge en considérant un échantillon de 601 étudiants d’autres programmes de formation. Conformément aux trois objectifs spécifiques de la thèse, les résultats ont permis d’observer qu’au cours de la formation policière : 1) les attitudes des futurs policiers plus avancés dans la formation sont plus positives et plus distinctes de celles de leurs homologues d’autres programmes de formation que les attitudes des futurs policiers en début de formation, ce qui indique un apport de la formation policière dans le développement de la légitimité de la police chez ceux en voie d’exercer le métier , 2) les attitudes du groupe de futurs policiers plus avancés dans la formation sont plus homogènes que celles de leurs comparses plus novices, ce qui suggère l’adhésion à la culture policière, et 3) les futurs policiers en fin de formation présentent une dissociation dans leurs attitudes face à la légitimité et face à l’emploi de la force relativement à leurs collègues plus novices, dans le sens où leurs attitudes face à la légitimité de la police sont moins fortement prédictives de leurs attitudes face à l’emploi de la force. Ce dernier résultat semble mettre en lumière le développement d’un jugement critique face à la légitimité de la police et son pouvoir d’emploi de la force au cours de la formation policière. La thèse conclut donc que l’utilité de la formation policière en école est loin d’être vaine; elle paraît occasionner des changements d’attitudes subtils et graduels qui peuvent se révéler importants à l’exercice du métier de policiers. / The thesis suggests studying the variations in attitudes toward police legitimacy and the use of force for in-training police students at distinct phases of police initial training at the Police Academy. Several researchers and many police officers attest that the police craft is solely acquired and learnt on the street and, therefore, the training provided at the Police Academy is pointless. Yet, is this really so? Could it be that the training provided by the Police Academy triggers such gradual attitude changes that they go unnoticed, while contributing to preparing the recruits to perform the police line of work? These questions underlie this thesis, specifically in regard to police legitimacy and use of force in the sense that the contribution of the police training would be unveiled if in-training police students more advanced in the study program have more positive attitudes toward police legitimacy and are more favourable to police use of force. Undeniably, the literature on police legitimacy is extensive. However, authors generally adopt a unidirectional point of view where police legitimacy equates to citizen perceptions of police. Rather, it is advocated here that an interactionist and dialogic approach is better suited to understand police legitimacy. The latter is based on the premise that citizens’ perceptions of police legitimacy ensue from the outlook that patrol officers have on the legitimacy of their institution. In that case, police training is considered a professional socialization process which acts as a police legitimacy transmission channel leading to the conformity to police culture. The thesis tackles this research topic with a macrosociological approach supported by a quantitative methodology based on a repeated cross-sectional research design. Precisely, the analytical strategy consists of mean comparisons of attitudes toward police legitimacy and use of force scores at different stages of the police training curriculum. As a first step, data were gathered from a sample of 1 494 future police officers in training in Quebec, Canada. Then, in order to rule out the alternative hypothesis that attitude score fluctuations between groups at different stages of the training could result from a maturation phenomenon generalized to all youth in the phase of emerging adulthood (i.e. 18-25 years old), the thesis includes a dimension of comparison with the general population of the same age group by taking into account the attitude scores of a sample of 601 students from other study programs. In accordance with the three specific objectives of the thesis, results show that, along the police training: 1) attitude scores of in-training police students more advanced in the curriculum are more positive and more divergent from those of the students from other study programs than these attitudes for freshmen, reflecting the impact of training in the development of the perceptions of police legitimacy in those on the path to serve as patrol officers, 2) attitude scores of the group of in-training police students more advanced in the curriculum are more homogenous than those of more novice groups of in-training police students, which suggests the adherence to a specific professional culture, and 3) in-training police students in the senior phase display a greater disconnection between their attitudes toward police legitimacy and attitudes toward police use of force compared to their more junior colleagues, in the sense that their attitudes towards police legitimacy are less strongly predictive of their attitudes toward police use of force. This last result sheds light on the development of critical judgment. All things considered, the thesis concludes that the worth of police initial training is far from vain; it strikes as being responsible for subtle and gradual attitude changes that can prove important to police work.

Si les développements technologiques dans le domaine de la science forensique améliorent sans contredit les capacités de détection et la précision des appareils et des analyses effectuées, la qualité, l’intégrité, l’efficacité et l’efficience de l’exploitation des traces matérielles à des fins judiciaires et sécuritaires demeurent avant tout tributaires de décisions humaines prises tout au long du processus forensique, de la scène d’incident au tribunal. À ce sujet, bien qu’ils soient désormais reconnus comme des acteurs au premier plan du déploiement des efforts forensiques, les techniciens en identité judiciaire responsables de l’investigation des scènes d’incident n’ont fait l’objet que de très peu d’études empiriques. Pourtant, les quelques études qui sont disponibles mettent en lumière un degré élevé de variabilité dans leurs pratiques et leurs performances en matière de recherche et de collecte de traces matérielles, suggérant ainsi un processus décisionnel sur lequel nous ne savons toujours que très peu de choses. Dès lors, la thèse se propose de mieux comprendre, à travers une lentille théorique inspirée de certains concepts-clés issus de la sociologie de l’expertise et de la sociologie de la police, l’orientation des stratégies de recherche de traces matérielles par les techniciens en identité judiciaire. Plus précisément, elle cherche à approfondir les mécanismes de prise de décision et le système de savoirs occupationnels auquel se réfèrent les techniciens en identité judiciaire pour guider et justifier leurs actions, les processus de construction et d’acquisition de ces savoirs occupationnels ainsi que l’étendue du pouvoir discrétionnaire des techniciens en identité judiciaire et les conditions sous-jacentes à sa reconnaissance. Pour ce faire, la thèse repose sur une enquête de terrain de type ethnographique réalisée auprès de 19 techniciens en scène de crime du Québec entre 2020 et 2022, combinant 18 entretiens semi-directifs (35 heures) et 200 heures d’observation participante (au poste et sur de véritables scènes d’incident). Les résultats de la thèse révèlent, d’une part, que l’orientation de la recherche de traces matérielles par les techniciens en identité judiciaire est dépendante d’un système de savoirs occupationnels tacites largement ambigu, voire contradictoire par endroits, nécessitant l’interprétation des mandats, des normes informelles et des méthodes à privilégier pour prendre ou justifier une décision. D’autre part, ils suggèrent que ces savoirs seraient principalement issus, aux yeux des techniciens en identité judiciaire, de l’expérience pratique (à titre de policier et de technicien en identité judiciaire) et des échanges avec les pairs expérimentés, traduisant un discours soutenant le primat de la socialisation professionnelle informelle sur la formation et l’éducation formalisée. Enfin, les techniciens en identité profiteraient d’un important pouvoir discrétionnaire de facto leur permettant d’exercer plutôt librement leur jugement professionnel et de définir les savoirs qui sont considérés comme légitimes. Mis ensemble, ces constats proposent de comprendre la prise de décisions des techniciens en identité judiciaire en matière de recherche de traces matérielles au prisme de l’interaction entre un pouvoir discrétionnaire dynamique et un système de savoirs occupationnels ambigu et plus ou moins partagé. / While technological developments in the field of forensic science are undoubtedly improving detection capabilities and the accuracy of the equipment and analyses performed, the quality, integrity, effectiveness, and efficiency of the exploitation of material traces for judicial and security purposes remain above all dependent on human decisions made throughout the forensic process, from the crime scene to the courts. In this regard, although they are now recognized as key players in the deployment of forensic resources, crime scene examiners responsible for investigating incident scenes have only been the subject of very few empirical studies. Yet, those that are available highlight a high degree of variability in the practices and performances of crime scene examiners regarding the search for material traces, suggesting a decision-making process about which we still know very little. This thesis therefore aims to gain a better understanding of the orientation of crime scene examiners’ strategies for searching material trace through a theoretical lens inspired by key concepts of the sociology of expertise and the sociology of policing. More specifically, it seeks to investigate the decision-making mechanisms and occupational knowledge system to which crime scene examiners refer, the processes of construction and acquisition of such occupational knowledge, and the extent of crime scene examiners’ discretionary power and the conditions underlying its recognition by other stakeholders. The thesis is based on an ethnographic fieldwork among 19 Quebec crime scene examiners between 2020 and 2022, combining 18 semi-structured interviews (35 hours) and 200 hours of participant observation (at the office and at actual incident scenes). The results of the thesis reveal, on the one hand, that the orientation of the search for material traces by crime scene examiners depends on a tacit system of occupational knowledge which is largely ambiguous, even contradictory in places, leaving room for interpretation of mandates, norms, and preferred methods for making or justifying a decision. On the other hand, they suggest that such knowledge is mainly acquired, in the eyes of crime scene examiners, from practical experience (as a police officer and crime scene investigator) and exchanges with experienced peers, reflecting a discourse supporting the primacy of informal professional socialization over formalized training and education. Finally, crime scene examiners would benefit from a significant de facto discretionary power, enabling them to exercise their professional judgment rather freely and to define the knowledge that should be considered legitimate. Taken together, these findings suggest that the decision-making process of crime scene examiners in the search for material traces can be understood through the prism of the interaction between a variable discretionary power and an ambiguous, more or less shared, system of occupational knowledge.

Nous explorons et analysons, dans cette recherche, les modes d’engagement d’enseignants qui deviennent directeur d’école. Il s’agit d’une transition personnelle et professionnelle qui a lieu dans un contexte d’évolution de l’environnement éducatif et de transformation institutionnelle. Ce passage dans de nouvelles fonctions s’accompagne souvent d’une restructuration identitaire. Au-delà de l’action, l’engagement repose sur un ensemble complexe et dynamique de conduites, d’attitudes mais aussi de processus psychoaffectifs, sociocognitifs et conatifs. Dans une approche active et plurielle de la socialisation, le modèle de l’interstructuration du sujet et des institutions (Baubion-Broye, A., Malrieu, P. & Tap, P., 1987) auquel nous nous référons, considère qu’au-delà d’influences externes et de composantes socio-biographiques, c’est bien le sujet qui reste l’agent de ses engagements. Nous montrons que les conduites d’engagement professionnel ne proviennent pas uniquement d’influences sociales ou d’intentions personnelles mais qu’elles sont orientées par des processus d’inter-signification du travail. Les origines de l’engagement se réfèrent à d’autres domaines de vie et temps d’existence pour les individus et reposent notamment surdes arbitrages de valeurs et de visées concurrentes. La recherche met à jour une typologie des trajectoires socioprofessionnelles des directeurs en trois classes, dont on mesure l’influence différentielle sur l’orientation de leurs engagements. Nos résultats indiquent comment certaines valeurs orientent les conduites et comment ces valeurs sont mises à l’épreuve quand, au cours de l’exercice professionnel, s’installe un sentiment de décalage entre attendu, prescrit et réalisé.Chaque type d’engagement apparaît comme dimension d’un projet de vie qui articule de manière singulière les visées, les ressources et les contraintes de différents domaines de vie (familial, professionnel, personnel, social). / We explore and analyze, in this research, patterns of teacher’s commitment who become principals. This is a personal and professional transition that takes place in a context of changing educational environment and institutional transformation.This passage of new features is often accompanied by a restructuring of identity. Beyond the action, the commitment is based on a complex and dynamic behavior, attitudes, but also processes psycho, socio-cognitive and conative.In an active and plural approach of socialization, the model of the subject and institutions interstructuration (Baubion-Broye, A., Malrieu, P. & Tap, P., 1987) which we refer, considers that beyond external influences and socio-biographical components, that is the subject who is the agent of its commitments.We show that the conducts of professional commitment are not confined to social influences or personal intentions but they are guided by the process of inter-service work. The origins of commitment refer to other areas of life and time of existence for individuals and based in particular on trade-offs of competing values and referred.Research updates a typology of socio-professional trajectories of directors into three classes, which we measure the differential influence on the direction of their commitments.Our results indicate how certain values drive behaviors and how these values are tested when in the course of professional practice, installs a sense of gap between expected, realized and prescribed.Each type of commitment appears as a dimension of life plan that articulates a singular way the aims, resources and constraints of different domains of life (family, professional, personal, social). / Esploriamo e analizziamo i coinvolgimenti di insegnanti che diventano direttori scolastici. Si tratta di una transizione personale e professionale che si svolge in un contesto di evoluzione educativa e di trasformazione istituzionale. Questo passaggio a nuove funzioni coincide spesso con una ristrutturazione dell'identità. Oltre all’ azione, l'impegno si basa non solo su un insieme complesso e dinamico dei comportamenti, ma anche su dei processi psico-affettivi , socio-cognitivi e conativi. In un approccio attivo e plurale della socializzazione, il modello dell’ interstructurazione del soggetto e delle istituzioni (Baubion-Broye, A., Malrieu, P. & Tap, P., 1987) alle quali ci riferiamo, ritiene che al di là di influenze esterne e di elementi socio-biografici, è al soggetto che spetta la decisione del suo impegno. Mostriamo che le linee di impegno professionale non si limitano solo alle influenze sociali o alle intenzioni personali, ma sono anche guidate dai processi d’inter-significato del lavoro. Le origini di questo impegno provengono da altri settori della vita e dai tempi di esistenza degli individui e si basano particolarmente sugli arbitraggi di valori e di ambizioni rivali. La ricerca evidenzia una tipologia delle traiettorie socio-professionali dei direttori in tre classi, di cui si misura l'influenza differenziale sulla direzione degli impegni assunti. I nostri risultati mostrano che certi valori orientano i comportamenti e che questi valori vengano testati quando, nel corso della pratica professionale, si installa un senso di discrepanza fra ciò che è atteso, previsto e realizzato. Ogni tipo di impegno appare comme una dimensione di un progetto di vita che organizza in modo singolare gli obiettivi, le risorse e gli obblighi dei diversi settori della vita (familiare, professionale, personale, sociale) / Dens la nosta recerca, qu’esploram e qu’analisam modos d’engagemen del regents que basan directùrs d’escola. Que pot estar ua transicion personela e professionella qu’arriva dens un contexto d’evolucion de l’educacion e de transformacion institucionela.Aquet passage dens naoeras foncions que va taben dabt ua restructuracion de l’identitat. Meij que l’accion, l’engagemen qu’ei contenut dens un ensemblo complexo e dinamico de comportaments, d’attitudas e taben de procesus psico-affectifs, sociocognitifs e conatifs.Dens ua approcha activa e pluriela de la socialisacion, lo modelo de l’interstructuracion do sujet dabt las institucions (Baubion-Broye, A., Malrieu, P. & Tap, P., 1987), qu’ei aquiu la nosta referença teorica, considera que meij qu’influenças externas e composantas socio-biograficas, qu’ei lo sujet qui, eht tot sol, megna lo son engagemen.Que mushem que los comportaments d’engagemen profesionel ne venguen pas sulamen d’ influenças socialas o d’intencions personalas ; au loc de quò que son guidadas per processus d’intersignificacion do travalh. Las originas de l’engagemen qu’es referan a d’autis dòmanis de vita et temps d’existença per los sujets e que dependan d’arbitrajos de valors e d’ambicions concurentas.La nosta estudia que presenta ua tipologia de trajectorias socioprofessionalas dos regents en trés classas, per cadùa que mesurem taben l’influença diferenciala sur l’orientacion do sons engagemens.Los nostos resultats que mushent cum caocas valors orientan los comportemens e cum aqueras valors son boutades a l’eprova quan, pendan lo travalh, qu’arrivo un sentimen de descalage entre ço qui ei attendut, prescrit et heit.Cado tipò d’engagemen qu’ei la dimension d’un projet de vita qui compren las ambicions, las resorças e las obligacions dos diferents dòmanis (familial, profesionel, personel, social).

The Thesis s theme is part of the artificers barbers history that act in the Center District, in Aracaju. The analysis, which covers the period between the 1940 s and the present days, aims to show how is the transition from male order and crafts (represented by barbers) to unisex order and the professions (represented by hairdressers). Through the field observation and the interviews recorded in Oral History, considerations are made about the meaning of the discourse of crisis in the work and the idealization of the past by the barbers, related by him to the theme of the city s modernization. The crisis of the barbers is motivated by the Masculine Symbolic Domination crisis, as it is called by Pierre Bourdieu (1999), and the current situation of the world of work characterized by job insecurity and labor relations and unemployment (CASTEL, 1998; AUED, 1999; SENNETT, 2009). / Esta Dissertação tem como tema parte da história dos artífices barbeiros que atuam no Bairro Centro, em Aracaju. A análise, que compreende o período entre a década de 1940 e os dias atuais, visa mostrar como se dá a passagem da ordem masculina e dos ofícios (representada pelos barbeiros) para a ordem unissex e das profissões (representada pelos cabeleireiros). Através da observação de campo e das entrevistas gravadas em História Oral são feitas considerações sobre o que significa o discurso de crise no âmbito do trabalho e a idealização do passado por parte dos barbeiros, relacionadas por eles ao tema da modernização da cidade. A crise dos barbeiros é motivada pela crise da Dominação Simbólica Masculina, como é chamada por Pierre Bourdieu (1999), e pela situação atual do mundo do trabalho caracterizada pela precariedade do emprego e das relações trabalhistas e pelo desemprego (CASTEL, 1998; AUED, 1999; SENNETT; 2009).

Utbildingen av officerare är och har alltid varit ett omdiskuterat ämne. Sedan reformationen av officersutbildningen till Officersprogrammet för drygt tio år sedan – vilket för första gången även gav den nya fänriken akademisk kandidatexamen i krigsvetenskap – har den här frågan återigen aktualiserats. Akademiseringen tillförde en viktig och saknad aspekt till professionen men utlåtanden från officerskåren har varit att utbildningen är för generell och att fänriken inte kan något när denne kommer hem.   Under samma tidsperiod har Försvarsmakten och armén genomgått stora förändringar. Omställningen från invasionsförsvar till insatsförvar har fullföljts, värnplikten avskaffades och anställda soldater och förband blev en ny verklighet. Som om inte detta räckte har fokus inom samma tidsperiod återigen svängt; nu med nationellt försvar i centrum och med en återinförd värnplikt och planerad tillväxt av Förvarsmakten som följd.  Den här studien undersöker om den nyutexaminerade fänriken erhållit rätt förutsättningar att klara av det arbete som hen förväntas göra. Genom att utgå från att Officersprogrammet är en ny utbildning med andra för- och nackdelar än de tidigare officersutbildningarna fokuserar den här studien på mottagandet vid förbanden. Är det i själva verket utbildningen det är fel på eller är det just förväntningarna på den nye officeren? Ges fänriken möjlighet att omsätta teoretiska kunskaper till praktiska färdigheter?   Studien indikerar att omhändertagandet av nyexaminerade officerare under den föregående tioårsperioden präglats av en brist på struktur och systematisering. Ett alltför stort fokus på kortsiktiga mål och en bortprioritering av professionsutvecklingen har påverkat officersprofessionen negativt. Armén och förbanden har under senare år förbättrat sin systematisering men behöver bli ännu bättre på att prioritera professionsutvecklingen. Armén bör utveckla en gemensam struktur för lärlingstiden för nya fänrikar genom att formalisera handledning och tydligare systematisera personalplaneringen. Den samlade utbildningen av officerare och professionsutvecklingen bör betraktas som en helhet, annars riskerar professionen att fortsätta påverkas negativt och tillväxt med kvalitet kommer inte vara möjlig.  Studiens övergripande insikt är att det inte nödvändigtvis är utbildningen det är fel på, utan snarare hur omsättningen av utbildningen från teoretisk kunskap till praktiska färdigheter omhändertas inom stridskraften och förbandet. / The education and training of military officers is and has always been a disputed subject. Since the reform of the Swedish officer’s training and conversion to Officersprogrammet1 (OP) a little over a decade ago – which for the first time granted the new junior officer with an academic degree in War Studies – this issue has been revitalized. The conversion to an academic education provided the Swedish Military Profession with an important missing aspect. But, the general opinion prevailing among the officer corps is that the training is far too generic and that junior officers thus are inept for duty at their home regiments.  During the same time frame the Swedish Armed Forces and the Swedish Army has undergone massive changes. Doctrinal realignment from focusing on the threat of a potential invasion towards an agile and highly operational defense force with an international focus was completed; conscription was scrapped and made dormant. Professionalized soldiers and field units became the new reality. But, then again focus shifted. National defense has once again become the priority with a reinstated conscription as well as planned growth for the Swedish Armed Forces as a consequence.  This research project examines whether the junior officer during this time frame has been given the right possibilities to carry out the work expected by him or her. By assuming that OP is a new type of education program, with different pros and cons compared to previous educations, this research focuses instead on the integration of junior officers at their home units. Is it really the education that’s failing or are expectations on the new officer in fact improper? Are the junior officers provided the right support to transform knowledge to skills?  This thesis indicates that integration of junior officers has been characterized by a lack of structure and systematization during the past decade. Too much focus on short-term objectives and an unintentional suppression of the development of the Military Profession have had negative consequences. The Swedish Army has improved on systematization during recent years but still needs to improve and prioritize the development of the profession. The Swedish Army should create a structured apprenticeship of junior officers by formalizing mentorship and clearly systematize strategic personnel planning. The collective training of officers and the Evolution of the Military Profession should be considered as a whole, it will otherwise risk further negative consequences and planned growth with quality will not be feasible. The main insight of this study is that it’s not necessarily the education that is failing but rather how the Regiments within the Swedish Army manages to transform the junior officers’ knowledge to relevant skills or not.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Factor H is a newly identified phenomenon which describes a constellation of attributes of the new graduate nurse reflecting personality traits, intellectual abilities, and clinical judgment. In a previous pilot study conducted by this researcher nurse managers and experienced Registered Nurse (RN) preceptors described characteristics demonstrated by new graduate nurses demonstrating Factor H and the new graduate nurse’s ability to transition quickly and successfully into the RN role in the acute care environment. There is currently no instrument available to measure this phenomenon. The specific aim of this research was to develop and psychometrically test a scale designed to identify the presence of attributes of Factor H in the new graduate nurse. The Sims Factor H Assessment Scale (SFHAS) was developed and piloted with a sample of one hundred one new graduate nurses within three months of completing the their nursing program at one of three nursing schools in central and south central Indiana. Evidence of content validity was demonstrated through the use of the Content Validity Index conducted with a panel of four experts. Evidence of face validity was demonstrated through interviews with a group of new graduate nurses, nurse managers, and experienced RN preceptors. Principle Axis Factoring with Varimax rotation was used to demonstrate evidence of construct validity and the scale was found to have a single component which was identified as nursing personality. Evidence of criterion-related validity was demonstrated utilizing analysis of the SFHAS and the criterion scale for personality traits (NEO-FFI). Evidence of internal consistency reliability was demonstrated through analysis of inter-item correlations, Cronbach’s coefficient correlations, and item-total correlations. Test re-test reliability using interclass correlation was also conducted to demonstrate stability of the scale. The SFHAS was found to be reflective of nursing personality and not general mental ability or clinical judgment. Use of the SFHAS will allow organizations to evaluate the nursing personality of the new graduate nurse for fit into the work environment. Further study is recommended to gain clarity around the attributes which support successful transition of the new graduate nurse into practice in the acute care environment, also known as Factor H.