Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Studier tyder på bristande kunskaper angående hanteringen av idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning samt i rehabilitering efteråt. Ryttares återgång till fysisk aktivitet kopplat med en jargong som främjar en för snabb återgång, där saknas studier.  Syfte: Att undersöka och beskriva en grupp tävlingsryttares upplevelser och erfarenheter av att ha fått en idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning samt återgången till sin idrott, vardagsliv samt fysisk aktivitet. Metod: Data från fem informanter insamlades via semistrukturerade intervjuer och har analyserats med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: I studien framgick det två teman; “Hur IH yttrade sig och påverkade vardagen” samt “Vägen tillbaka” med totalt tio kategorier samt 16 subkategorier. Utifrån resultatet framgick det brister i adekvat information vid vårdtillfället rörande återgång till fysisk aktivitet efter idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning. Omgivningens reaktioner påverkade ryttarna initialt till en något långsammare återgång till fysisk aktivitet, samtidigt som de egna kraven på skötsel av hästen fanns ständigt närvarande. Konklusion: Studien tyder på att återgången fortfarande går för snabbt men att omgivningens påverkan, i kombination med egen förståelse samt att den tidigare jargongen börjat avta har lett till en långsammare återgång. Dock finns kvarvarande brister angående information kring hur återgången bör ske efter en idrottsrelaterad hjärnskakning inom vården. / Abstract Background: Studies indicate a lack of knowledge regarding the handling of the acute state of sport related concussion and during the rehabilitation afterwards. Equestrians return to physical activity associated with a jargon that promotes an over-rapid return, where studies are lacking. Purpose: To investigate and describe a group of competing equestrians experiences of receiving a suspected or diagnosed sport related concussion and also their return to sport, everyday life and physical activity. Method: Data from five informants were collected through semi structured interviews and analysed with a content analysis. Results: The study showed two themes; “How SRC expressed and influenced everyday life” and “The way back” with a total of ten categories and 16 subcategories. Based on the result, there were shortcomings in adequate information from the time of health care treatment regarding the return to physical activity after a sport related concussion. The society's reaction initially affected the riders to a slower return to physical activity, while the own requirements for taking care of the horse were constantly present. Conclusion: The study indicates that their return still goes on too quick, but the surroundings effects, in combination with their own understanding and that the previous jargon has begun to decline has led to a slower return. However, there are remaining deficiencies regarding the information about how the return should take place after a sport related concussion within the healthcare system.

Det förekommer skillnader i hälsa mellan olika grupper i samhället. Skillnaderna kan ge negativa hälsokonsekvenser för de enskilda individerna och för samhället. Många unga, invandrare, personer med beroendeproblematik, bidragsberoende och personer med diagnoser står idag utanför arbetsmarknaden och löper större risk att hamna i utanförskap. Individer som står långt ifrån arbetsmarknaden kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för hälsan som påverkar en individs livssituation. Att arbeta är en central del av individers liv som ger en känsla av sammanhang och meningsfullhet. Studiens syfte är undersöka kommunanställdas erfarenhet av att arbeta med utanförskap. För att besvara studiens syfte användes en kvalitativ metod. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fem kommunanställda som arbetar med utanförskap i en kommun i Mellansverige. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att samverkan mellan olika aktörer underlättar kommunanställdas möjlighet att ge socialt stöd till individer som befinner sig i utanförskap. Att ge socialt stöd ansågs också vara viktigt i arbete med utanförskap eftersom utsatta människor kan sakna det. Deltagarna i studien har belyst att individer som har socialt sammanhang påverkar deras delaktighet i samhället. Att uppleva sammanhang kan skapa en meningsfullhet för utsatta individer som befinner sig i utanförskap. En rimlig slutsats av resultatet är att de kommunanställda arbetar med att öka det sociala sammanhanget bland utsatta personer som söker hjälp och kan hjälpa dem med att öka det sociala stödet. Deltagarna belyste även att deras arbete med att motverka utanförskap lyckas med hjälp av deras samverkan med aktörer och myndigheter. / There are differences in health between different groups in society. The differences can cause negative consequences for individuals and for the society. Young adults, immigrants, people with addiction problems, contributions dependent, people with diagnoses are currently outside the labor market who are more likely to end up in social exclusion. Individuals who are far from the labor market can affect their life situation, which usually has negative consequences. Work today is a central part of individuals lives that’s gives a sense of context and meaningfulness. The aim of the study is to analyse communal employees experience of work with exclusion. To answer the study’s purpose, a qualitative method was used, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five communal employees who work with people in social exclusion in a communal in the middle of Sweden. The collected material has been analysed through a manifest content analysis. The results show that collaboration between different actors facilitates their ability to provide social support to individuals who are in exclusion. Social support was considered important in work with exclusion because it leads to positive factors. The communal employees highlighted that social context among vulnerable individuals is something that affects them to take part in the society and experience meaningfulness. A reasonable conclusion from the result is that communal employees work to increase the social context among vulnerable people who seek help thereby increasing social support. The participants have highlighted that their work with people is in social exclusion succeeds with the help of their collaboration with actors and authorities.

Denna studie har undersökt hur lärare involveras i utvecklingen av IT-system som de förväntas använda i sitt arbete samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar de finner i ämnet. Sveriges regering har satt som mål att bli det ledande landet i världen inom digitalisering i skolan. Detta har haft till följd att kommuner runtom i Sverige köpt in IT-system från Edtech-företag för att nå dessa mål. Följande har lett till starka reaktioner från lärare då dessa IT-system inte medför enbart positiva ting. Studien har utförts utifrån lärarnas perspektiv. För att göra detta arrangerades fem interjuver med lärare i varierande undervisningsnivåer, skolor och kommuner vilka ansågs kunna ge riklig och god information. Resultatet har för avsikt att lyfta fram den nuvarande situationen för involvering av lärare i utvecklingen av IT-system samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar detta för med sig. Studien förväntas ge värde till lärare, skolor, kommuner och Edtech-företag. Vidare anses den även vara relevant för investerare, entreprenörer och politiker som även dem arbetar för att på ett bättre sätt digitalisera den svenska skolan. Resultatet visar att användarinvolvering i utvecklingen av IT-systemen är undermålig. Det finns dock goda möjligheter att involvera lärare i form av vilja att involveras, även genom att upprätta en stadigare och rakare kommunikation från Edtech-företagen. Vidare visar resultatet på att det finns utmaningar i form av att ett större deltagande från lärare i utvecklingen av IT-systemen kan krävas, eftersom läraryrket är brett och komplext. Slutligen talar även studien för att tid behöver avsättas i syfte att involvera lärare mer, och att kommuner behöver se över sin roll i att göra vägen mellan lärare och utvecklare kortare. / This study has researched how teachers are involved in the development of IT systems they expect to use in their work and what opportunities and challenges they find in the subject. The Swedish government has set a goal to becoming the leading country in the world within digitalization in school. This has resulted in municipalities around Sweden have bought IT-systems from Edtech companies to be able to reach those goals. Which has led to strong reactions from teachers since these IT systems does not always entail positive things. The study has been carried out from the teachers’ perspective. To achieve this, 5 interviews were arranged with 5 teachers in varying level of education, schools and municipalities which were considered to provide rich and good information. The result of the study is intended to highlight the current situation for the involvement of teachers in the development of IT systems and what opportunities and challenges the situation presents. The study is expected to give value to teachers, schools, municipalities and Edtech companies. Furthermore, it is considered relevant to investors, entrepreneurs and politicians who also work to digitize the Swedish school in a better way. The result shows that the involvement of teachers in developing IT systems is poor. But there are good opportunities in involving teachers in the form of willingness to be involved, also opportunities by establish a firmer and more straightforward communication from Edtech companies. The result shows that greater participation in developing the IT systems is needed, since the teacher profession is broad and complex. The study also shows that more time needs to be set aside with purpose to involve the teachers more, and that municipalities needs to look over their role in the situation and make the path between teachers and developers shorter.

No presente estudo foi feita uma investigação qualitativa sobre o discurso de terapeutas e pacientes jogadores patológicos, envolvidos em psicoterapia de orientação psicodinâmica, para que fossem identificados elementos relevantes à formulação de diretrizes para psicoterapia psicodinâmica de curto prazo (PPCP) para jogadores patológicos. O método qualitativo escolhido para este estudo foi a Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os discursos colhidos de terapeutas e pacientes foram analisados em conjunto a fim de mapear como se deu o processo da perspectiva de ambos. Os objetivos do estudo junto aos terapeutas foram: identificar como se deu a transferência, como se manifestou a resistência, identificar etapas ou seqüências de fases apresentadas pelos Jogadores durante o tratamento psicodinâmico de Jogadores Patológicos. Os objetivos do estudo junto aos pacientes foram: identificar como se deu a percepção sobre o terapeuta e sobre a relação paciente-terapeuta, se houve dificuldades específicas do paciente em relação ao tratamento e relacionamento com o terapeuta e se houve fases de tratamento vividas pelos pacientes entre o início e o término da PPCP. Os resultados mostram a importância da transferência para o tratamento, indicações de como manejar a transferência negativa, a qual se mostrou inescapável. Foram identificadas quatro fases pelas quais o processo psicoterapêutico acontece. Foram identificadas defesas e conflitos típicos do jogador patológico e indicações de manejo eficaz das resistências. Foi possível também verificar a percepção e expectativa dos terapeutas e pacientes com relação ao sucesso terapêutico para este tipo de patologia. Foram levantadas hipóteses teóricas e verificada a importância e formas de se trabalhar assuntos da infância e/ou adolescência do paciente. Foram percebidos aspectos relacionados ao final de tratamento e possibilidades de manejo deste principalmente no caso de psicoterapia com tempo limitado. As conclusões deste estudo apontam para a importância do preparo dos terapeutas no sentido de estarem conscientes sobre as defesas, conflitos e resistências típicas e possibilidades de manejo destes. A postura ativa do terapeuta em psicoterapia breve foi discutida e foi percebida a necessidade de um melhor treinamento dos terapeutas a respeito da finalização do processo. Foram colocadas sugestões de avaliação final do paciente a fim de verificar em que etapa do processo este paciente se encontra e se há necessidade de rever o manejo do final do tratamento e quando não for possível prolongar as sessões fazer o encaminhamento para outro terapeuta. Conclui-se que a partir da análise e comparação entre os discursos foram encontradas, até o presente momento, algumas diretrizes importantes no que diz respeito a PPCP de jogadores patológicos. Estes dados poderão ser organizados em um manual para que os terapeutas possam se preparar para o atendimento visando melhores resultados / This research paper presents the qualitative analysis of the discourse of therapists and of patients who are pathological gamblers, throughout psychodynamic orientation therapy in order to identify elements that are relevant to the formulation of guidelines to short term psychodynamic psychotherapy (PPCP) for pathological gamblers. The method employed in this qualitative study was the Discourse of the Collective Subject Analysis (DSC). The discourses of therapists and patients were jointly evaluated so as to analyze the process from the perspective of both sides involved. The purposes of the study with the therapists were: identify how the transference took place, how the resistance was expressed, and which were stages or sequence of steps revealed by gamblers during the psychodynamic treatment. The purposes of the study with the patients were: identify how the patient assessed the therapist and the relationship patient-therapist, identify if the patient had specific difficulties regarding the treatment and the relationship with the therapist, and if there were different stages experienced by the patients between the beginning and the end of the PPCP. The results of the study show the relevance of transference to the treatment, and indications on how to handle negative transference, which ended up being unavoidable. Four stages were identified during the psychotherapeutic treatment. Defenses and typical conflicts of pathologic gamblers as well as signs of efficient handling of resistances were also identified. Besides, it was possible to observe the perception and expectation of therapists and patients with regard to the therapeutic attainment in this type of pathology. Theoretical hypothesis were analyzed. The importance and forms of working through childhood and adolescence issues were verified. Aspects related to the end of the treatment and its administration were analyzed, especially in the event of psychotherapy for a limited period. The inferences brought in by this study point up the importance of the preparation of therapists in the sense that they have to be fully aware of the defenses, conflicts, typical resistances and administration possibilities. The active attitude of a therapist in a brief psychotherapy was considered necessary and it was found that a better training on the administration of the ending of the treatment is very important. This paper suggests alternatives for the final evaluation of the patient in order to verify the stage in which the patient is and if it is necessary to review the handling of the end of treatment. When it is not possible to extend the sessions, it is suggested redirect the patient to other therapist. Finally, from the analysis and comparison of the discourses, it is possible to conclude that there are, so far, important guidelines for the short term psychodynamic psychotherapy of pathologic gamblers. Such relevant data may be compiled in a manual to be used for the preparation of therapists aiming better results

Em projetos de desenvolvimento a qualidade do produto de software é fundamental para o seu sucesso. Uma das etapas que busca garantir a qualidade do produto final é a validação, verificação e teste (VV&T). O teste é uma das atividades chave de VV&T realizada para garantir a qualidade. Técnicas de teste foram desenvolvidas para verificar e validar tanto requisitos funcionais como não funcionais. Além disso, essas técnicas são aplicadas nas organizações por meio de estratégias que definem os tipos de teste que serão realizados, a ordem de realização, a sua automatização e a frequência de ocorrência. Uma questão importante é verificar como essa atividade é realizada na indústria de software, como essas técnicas são utilizadas e a sua adoção em organizações desenvolvedoras de software. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa da atividade de teste. Ela utilizou a técnica teoria fundamentada aplicada em cinco empresas desenvolvedoras de software para estabelecer uma teoria da atividade de teste. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de teste das empresas e, a partir dessas entrevistas, foi desenvolvido uma teoria sobre a organização da atividade de teste. Nesta teoria, observou-se que a estrutura organizacional direciona a escolha das técnicas e ferramentas, bem como o tipo do sistema; o prazo e orçamento condicionam a utilização de técnicas de automatização / In development projects the quality of the software product is critical to its success. One of the steps that enforces the quality of the final product is validation, verification and testing (VV&T). Testing is one of the key VV&T activities to ensure quality. Testing techniques were developed to verify and validate both functional and non-functional requirements. In addition, these techniques are applied in organizations using strategies that define the testing techniques that will be performed, the order of application, their automation and the frequency of occurrence. An important issue is to verify how testing is carried out in the software industry, how these techniques are used and their adoption in industrial settings. This work presents a qualitative research of the testing activity. It used the grounded theory technique applied in five software development organizations to establish a model of the testing activity. Interviews were conducted with testing managers and, from these interviews, an organizational theory of the testing activity was developed. In this theory, it was observed that the organizational structure directs the choice of techniques and tools, as well as the type of the system; project schedule and budget limit the use of automation techniques

Em projetos de desenvolvimento a qualidade do produto de software é fundamental para o seu sucesso. Uma das etapas que busca garantir a qualidade do produto final é a validação, verificação e teste (VV&T). O teste é uma das atividades chave de VV&T realizada para garantir a qualidade. Técnicas de teste foram desenvolvidas para verificar e validar tanto requisitos funcionais como não funcionais. Além disso, essas técnicas são aplicadas nas organizações por meio de estratégias que definem os tipos de teste que serão realizados, a ordem de realização, a sua automatização e a frequência de ocorrência. Uma questão importante é verificar como essa atividade é realizada na indústria de software, como essas técnicas são utilizadas e a sua adoção em organizações desenvolvedoras de software. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa da atividade de teste. Ela utilizou a técnica teoria fundamentada aplicada em cinco empresas desenvolvedoras de software para estabelecer uma teoria da atividade de teste. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de teste das empresas e, a partir dessas entrevistas, foi desenvolvido uma teoria sobre a organização da atividade de teste. Nesta teoria, observou-se que a estrutura organizacional direciona a escolha das técnicas e ferramentas, bem como o tipo do sistema; o prazo e orçamento condicionam a utilização de técnicas de automatização / In development projects the quality of the software product is critical to its success. One of the steps that enforces the quality of the final product is validation, verification and testing (VV&T). Testing is one of the key VV&T activities to ensure quality. Testing techniques were developed to verify and validate both functional and non-functional requirements. In addition, these techniques are applied in organizations using strategies that define the testing techniques that will be performed, the order of application, their automation and the frequency of occurrence. An important issue is to verify how testing is carried out in the software industry, how these techniques are used and their adoption in industrial settings. This work presents a qualitative research of the testing activity. It used the grounded theory technique applied in five software development organizations to establish a model of the testing activity. Interviews were conducted with testing managers and, from these interviews, an organizational theory of the testing activity was developed. In this theory, it was observed that the organizational structure directs the choice of techniques and tools, as well as the type of the system; project schedule and budget limit the use of automation techniques

No description available.

Detta är en kvalitativ och explorativ studie som grundas på ett socialkonstruktivistiskt synsätt. Det socialkonstruktivistiska synsättet har vi haft i åtanke då respondenternas svar kan se annorlunda ut i framtiden. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera hur konsumenterna uppfattar kundcentrerad marknadsföring via internet och den övervakning som det innebär. Ett andra syfte är att försöka bidra till marknadsföringsforskningen genom att analysera problemet ur ett kritiskt övervakningsperspektiv. Vi undersökte respondenternas attityder till den kundcentrerade marknadsföringen då tidigare forskning grundar sig mer på företagens perspektiv; ett effektivt tillvägagångssätt som är baserat på konsumentens tidigare aktiviteter vilket gör att det går att anpassa annonser till den specifika konsumenten. Företagen har sett detta som en god service då konsumenterna besparas annonser som de inte intresserar sig av. Hur ser konsumenterna på det här? Vi kunde se att respondenterna i vår studie till stor del, vare sig de tycker om det eller inte, anser att det är en effektiv metod som påverkar dem. Däremot ansåg en del respondenter att övervakningen är integritetskränkande och påträngande. Den här studien ska fungera som ett underlag för fortsatt forskning kring konsumenters attityder till den kundcentrerade marknadsföringen. / This is a qualitative and exploratory study which relies on a social constructionist view where the data might be different in the future. The purpose is to describe and analyze the consumers’ perceptions regarding the customer centric marketing including internet surveillance. A second purpose of the study is to contribute to the marketing science by analyzing the surveillancecomplication through a critical perspective. We were interested in finding out what our respondents’ stand on the marketing phenomenon. Prior research is mostly based on the external actors’ point of view; it is an effective marketing strategy based on the consumers’ activities. Since it is based on the consumers’ previous activities, the companies can provide relevant ads of what they believe the consumers to be wanting; hence it should be seen as a desired service. In our data, we found that the majority of respondents’, whether or not theyliked it, believe this to be an effective marketing tool, since it affects them, but also a tool that put them in a state of discomfort. The surveillance that has to take place to make the customer centric marketing effective is seen as i.a. intrusive and nosy. This study should work as a foundation and inspiration for future research where a larger sample is studied.

Despite nurses having legitimate ethical rights and responsibilities, they are often constrained in practice from acting in ways they believe to be morally correct. This thesis presents a qualitative exploration of factors that influenced eight newly graduated nurses as they endeavoured to practice ethical mental health nursing in New Zealand. Data was gathered from in depth interviews with the participants and analysed using a thematic analysis method. A critical lens was employed to view the data so as to make visible aspects of the social and political context within which the participants were situated. The participants? moral practice was profoundly influenced by a number of relational experiences they had. These relationships were then determinants in their moral development, professional socialization and their ability to practice in accordance to their moral beliefs. Key aspects of these relationships were their experiences with nursing education and the influence of the organisations where they worked. Recommendations are made to both areas to enable and support moral nursing practice for new graduate mental health nurses. New graduate nurses inherently desire to practice in a way that honours the client and is therefore inherently ethical. Moral nursing practice is an everyday occurrence that must be situated in a culture of respect and regard for both clients and nurses. New graduate nurses have much to offer the profession and the tangata whaiora of the mental health services. They must be valued and supported to act in accordance to their moral ideals.

<p> The aim of this study was to examine how young people, who have been treated for their misuse and/or to learn to handle a parent's misuse, portrayed the network's implication in their wishes about improving their lives, to make new choices. The network included members of nuclear family, relatives, important persons at school/work and friends. The “professional network” (therapists and social workers) also became a part in the young people's life during a period. The main issues of this study concerned differences in their experiences of the young persons´ network relationships in before, during and after completed treatment. And also what has been important in the treatment. The most important result of the study shows that despite that all the young people have had experiences of difficult problems and life relations nevertheless came to improve their life conditions. The process of change, for several of the young people, took place during a long period of time, sometimes several years. The most important aspect in this process was the own will to change. The study shows a significant change in the composition of the network. From the time of drug abuse friends of the same age were the most important persons in the network. But the relationships with the family network did improve and was experienced as important after the completion of the drug abuse, also when the youth was over 18 years of age. When the treatment was connected to a network perspective the youths´ social networks came to play a more important role after completed treatment. And thus, when there was no network approach the youth often stood entirely alone, lacking support from both family and “the professional network”. Other important factors in the treatment concerned the relationship between the youth and the professional, where private consultations played an important role. It was likewise important that the professional made it possible for the youth and other members of the family network to start a dialogue about problems in the life situation of the youth. The fact, furthermore, that other related persons outside the core family has been invited to conversations, did also contribute to a positive outcome of the process.</p> / Uppsatsen är också publicerad genom FoU Södertörn, Skriftserie nr 77/09 - Att göra nya val - om nätverkets delaktighet i ungdomars väg ut ur missbruk