Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Flavia Ribeiro.pdf: 504819 bytes, checksum: 29ab002cefe05695915d4241ed936abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-14 / Subject: to determine the prevalence and factors associated to the request of physical therapy from hospitalized patients who are diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular disease. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study, hospital based of 369 male and female patients, at the age of 40 or older, diagnosed with acute cerebrovascular disease, at 3 general hospital and at the emergency hospital from July to December of 2003 in Pelotas RS. Biological and socio-demographic data was collected during hospitalization as well as the verification of the request for physical therapy. A bi-varieted analysis was carried out using 53 the chi-square test. Non-conditional logistic regression was used for the multivariate analyses using a hierarchical analyses model. Results: the request for physical therapy was done for 55 (15%) of the patients in the first three days after the stroke. For the whole sample (n=369) the strongest associated variables were lower family income, lower schooling, lower age, and degree of muscular strength, level of conscience and medical specialty. For the sample, which excludes the emergency hospital (n=218), the variables were degree of muscular strength, level of conscience and muscular tone. Conclusion: the under use of the physical therapy treatment was observed in the acute stage of the cerebrovascular disease. The patients who were poorer, younger, with a lower schooling level, with a four or higher degree of muscular strength and hospitalized by SUS showed a lower rate of physical therapy request. / Introdução: O AVE causa grandes implicações socioeconômicas e psicológicas aos indivíduos por ele acometidos. Por ser uma doença que provoca comprometimento sensório-motor, implica em grande investimento financeiro por parte do Estado e do próprio paciente. O processo de conduta fisioterapêutica objetiva maximizar a capacidade funcional e evitar complicações secundárias, possibilitando ao paciente reassumir suas atividades de vida diária. Nosso estudo visa determinar a prevalência e fatores associados à solicitação de tratamento fisioterápico em pacientes hospitalizados com diagnóstico de AVE agudo, visto a importância do manejo do AVE na redução de seqüelas tanto na área motora, como na emocional, psicológica e socioeconômica. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e fatores associados à solicitação de tratamento fisioterápico em pacientes hospitalizados com diagnóstico de AVE agudo. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, de base hospitalar, foi aplicado questionário em 369 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, com diagnóstico de AVE agudo, internados no período de julho à 51 dezembro de 2003 em três hospitais e no pronto socorro da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Através do questionário foram coletados dados sócio-demográficos, biológicos e verificação da solicitação de fisioterapia durante a hospitalização. A análise bi-variada foi realizada usando-se teste do qui-quadrado. Para a análise multivariada foi usado regressão logística não condicional, utilizando-se modelo de análise hierarquizado. Resultados: para 55 (15%) pacientes foi feita a solicitação de fisioterapia nos três primeiros dias após o acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Para toda amostra (n= 369) as variáveis mais fortemente associadas foram renda familiar, escolaridade e idade mais baixas, além do grau de força muscular, nível de consciência e especialidade médica e para a amostra excluindo o Pronto Socorro (n=218) as variáveis foram grau de força muscular, nível de consciência e tônus muscular. 52 Conclusão: a subutilização do tratamento fisioterápico foi observada na fase aguda do AVE. As características sócio-demográficas dos pacientes com AVE estão associadas à solicitação de fisioterapia. Os pacientes mais pobres, mais jovens, com menor escolaridade, com grau de força igual ou maior que quatro e hospitalizados pelo SUS também foram os que tiveram um menor índice de solicitação de fisioterapia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Carnio Costa.pdf: 522099 bytes, checksum: 9573a1f329611cf1da1f72d1db48c8b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / This thesis aims to demonstrate that it is legal and an ethical duty of the judge to act without request of the parties in order to prevent the risk of ineffectiveness of Justice, especially in the class actions, by providing urgent measures. The effectiveness of Justice is a matter of fundamental importance to the rights in postmodern society. Hence the need to analyze adequately the management by the judge of provisional and urgent measures that guarantee the effectiveness of the judicial action as well as the usefulness and appropriateness of a judicial decision, especially in the cases of collective dimensions. In this context, the present work demonstrates that this way to deal with the conduction of the case by the judge is according to constitutional principles and legal rules applicable to individual and class actions / A presente tese de Doutorado tem por objetivo demonstrar que é dever legal e ético do magistrado determinar medidas cautelares e antecipativas independentemente de pedido da parte no processo coletivo. A efetividade da Justiça é tema de fundamental importância para o direito na sociedade pós-moderna. Daí a necessidade de analisar-se de forma adequada o manejo, pelo juiz, das medidas de urgência, garantidoras da efetividade do processo, bem como da utilidade e adequação da decisão judicial, notadamente nas lides de dimensões coletivas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho demonstra que a atuação de ofício do magistrado é decorrência da interpretação dos princípios constitucionais aplicáveis ao processo coletivo, bem como da utilização adequada e diferenciada dos instrumentos legais previstos na legislação infraconstitucional de regência

就電視廣告對兒童行為的影響而言，過去的研究證據並不一致，頗多值得 爭議之處。本研究將過去研究所採用的主要變項，如年齡、收視行為、父 母順從情形及產品的類別等，探討電視廣告對兒童的意圖行為 (intended behavior)（例如購買的討論與慾望）及實際行為（例如購買 要求的提出與行為）的影響，目的在檢視這些變項對國內兒童消費行為的 解釋力。經由多階集群取樣法，本研究以集體施測之方式，訪問台北市三 個行政區中三所國民小學十二班，共 419位的三、六年級學生。獲得研究 結果﹕１．三、六年級兒童在「飲料」與「電動遊樂器」類產品上，所表 現的購買意圖，並無明顯的差異。但在「零食」與「玩具」類產品上，三 年級兒童的購買意圖則明顯地高於六年級兒童﹔２．在購買要求方面，三 年級兒童對「零食」、「飲料」及「玩具」等三類產品的購買要求，明顯 地高於六年級兒童。而在購買行為方面，三、六年級兒童僅在「玩具」類 產品上有明顯的差異，三年級兒童的購買行為高於六年級兒童。３．收視 時間愈長的兒童在「零食」、「飲料」及「玩具」等產品上，所表現的購 買意圖愈高。在購買要求方面，收視時間愈長的兒童，對「玩具」及「電 動遊樂器」的購買要求愈高。在購買行為方面，則不論是「零食」、「飲 料」、「玩具」或「電動遊樂器」等產品都與收視時間之長短成正比。其 中以「玩具」類產品，無論是在購買意圖、要求及行為方面，都與兒童的 收視時間成正相關。４．無論是在「零食」、「飲料」、「玩具」或「電 動遊樂器」等產品，父母的順從情形愈高，兒童的購買意圖與行為也就愈 高。綜合研究發現１至４之討論，就本研究問題而言，兒童的年齡、收視 時間與父母的順從情形和兒童的購買意圖與行為間之關係，是會受到電視 廣告產品類別的影響。

<p>Different abilities are of importance to pragmatics, there among hearing. Hearing impairment can affect language development and also pragmatic ability. The aim of the present paper was to study the pragmatic ability in terms of request for clarification in children with Hearing Impairment (HI) in conversation with children with no known hearing impairment, henceforth normally hearing (NH). The present study also describes requests for clarification sequentially in detail, and also highlights points where there may be observable differences between children with and without hearing impairment. Eight conversational pairs consisting of one child with HI and one NH child were studied. Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) was filled out by the parents and teachers of the children with HI in order to complement the description of the pragmatic ability in children with HI. Conversation Analysis was used in order to make the study of interaction as open-minded as possible. The conversation extracts were grouped according to task or non-task oriented interaction based on the activities that occurred.</p><p>The results of the present study showed that the children with HI and NH both used non-specific and specific requests for clarification, and that these types of requests were used in both task and non-task oriented interaction. Children with HI used the non-specific request "sorry?" to greater extent in the extracts than children with NH did. In general, no differences in occurrence of specific requests were seen between children with HI and children with NH. As regards to what happened before and after requests for clarifications, no distinct differences could be established between children with HI and children with NH. In conclusion, it is not certain if and how a hearing impairment have affected the pragmatic ability, although tendencies in the conversation extracts indicated that hearing impairment sometimes affected the interaction.</p> / <p>Pragmatik är beroende av många förmågor, däribland hörseln. En hörselnedsättning kan ha inverkan på den språkliga utvecklingen och även den pragmatiska förmågan. Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att studera den pragmatiska förmågan gällande begärande om förtydligande hos barn med hörselnedsättning (HNS) i samtal med barn utan känd hörselnedsättning, hädanefter normalhörande (NH). Studien ämnade belysa begäranden om förtydligande i sekventiell analys, samt om skillnader mellan barn med HNS och NH kunde ses. Åtta samtalspar bestående av ett barn med hörselnedsättning och ett barn med normal hörsel studerades. Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) fylldes i av föräldrar och lärare till barnen med HNS för att utgöra ett komplement i beskrivandet av den pragmatiska förmågan hos barnen med HNS. Conversation Analysis användes för att på ett så öppet sätt som möjligt studera interaktionen och se vilka fenomen som förekom. Samtalsutdragen delades in efter uppgiftsorienterade respektive icke-uppgiftsorienterade samtal beroende på vilka aktiviteter som förekom.</p><p>Resultaten av föreliggande studie visade att barnen med HNS och NH använde sig av både icke-specificerade och specificerade begäranden om förtydligande, och att dessa användes i både uppgiftsorienterat och icke-uppgiftsorienterat samtal. Barnen med HNS använde i större utsträckning det icke-specificerade begärandet "va" i utdragen än vad barnen med NH gjorde. Generella skillnader gällande specificerade begäranden kunde inte ses mellan barn med HNS och barn med NH. Inga tydliga skillnader kunde konstateras mellan barn med HNS och barn med NH gällande vad som föregick respektive följde efter begärandena om förtydligande. Slutligen visades att det inte säkert kan sägas om och hur en hörselnedsättning påverkat den pragmatiska förmågan, även om tendenser i samtalsutdragen indikerar att hörselnedsättningen kan ha inverkat på interaktionen.</p>

Different abilities are of importance to pragmatics, there among hearing. Hearing impairment can affect language development and also pragmatic ability. The aim of the present paper was to study the pragmatic ability in terms of request for clarification in children with Hearing Impairment (HI) in conversation with children with no known hearing impairment, henceforth normally hearing (NH). The present study also describes requests for clarification sequentially in detail, and also highlights points where there may be observable differences between children with and without hearing impairment. Eight conversational pairs consisting of one child with HI and one NH child were studied. Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) was filled out by the parents and teachers of the children with HI in order to complement the description of the pragmatic ability in children with HI. Conversation Analysis was used in order to make the study of interaction as open-minded as possible. The conversation extracts were grouped according to task or non-task oriented interaction based on the activities that occurred. The results of the present study showed that the children with HI and NH both used non-specific and specific requests for clarification, and that these types of requests were used in both task and non-task oriented interaction. Children with HI used the non-specific request "sorry?" to greater extent in the extracts than children with NH did. In general, no differences in occurrence of specific requests were seen between children with HI and children with NH. As regards to what happened before and after requests for clarifications, no distinct differences could be established between children with HI and children with NH. In conclusion, it is not certain if and how a hearing impairment have affected the pragmatic ability, although tendencies in the conversation extracts indicated that hearing impairment sometimes affected the interaction. / Pragmatik är beroende av många förmågor, däribland hörseln. En hörselnedsättning kan ha inverkan på den språkliga utvecklingen och även den pragmatiska förmågan. Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att studera den pragmatiska förmågan gällande begärande om förtydligande hos barn med hörselnedsättning (HNS) i samtal med barn utan känd hörselnedsättning, hädanefter normalhörande (NH). Studien ämnade belysa begäranden om förtydligande i sekventiell analys, samt om skillnader mellan barn med HNS och NH kunde ses. Åtta samtalspar bestående av ett barn med hörselnedsättning och ett barn med normal hörsel studerades. Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC) fylldes i av föräldrar och lärare till barnen med HNS för att utgöra ett komplement i beskrivandet av den pragmatiska förmågan hos barnen med HNS. Conversation Analysis användes för att på ett så öppet sätt som möjligt studera interaktionen och se vilka fenomen som förekom. Samtalsutdragen delades in efter uppgiftsorienterade respektive icke-uppgiftsorienterade samtal beroende på vilka aktiviteter som förekom. Resultaten av föreliggande studie visade att barnen med HNS och NH använde sig av både icke-specificerade och specificerade begäranden om förtydligande, och att dessa användes i både uppgiftsorienterat och icke-uppgiftsorienterat samtal. Barnen med HNS använde i större utsträckning det icke-specificerade begärandet "va" i utdragen än vad barnen med NH gjorde. Generella skillnader gällande specificerade begäranden kunde inte ses mellan barn med HNS och barn med NH. Inga tydliga skillnader kunde konstateras mellan barn med HNS och barn med NH gällande vad som föregick respektive följde efter begärandena om förtydligande. Slutligen visades att det inte säkert kan sägas om och hur en hörselnedsättning påverkat den pragmatiska förmågan, även om tendenser i samtalsutdragen indikerar att hörselnedsättningen kan ha inverkat på interaktionen.

Ett flertal studier har undersökt användandet av olika typer av efterfrågan om förtydligande i en referentiell kommunikationsuppgift. Bland annat har skillnader i kommunikationsstrategier mellan barn med cochleaimplantat och normalhörande barn påvisats. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka huruvida kommunikationsstrategier skiljer sig åt i en referentiell kommunikationsuppgift hos barn med lindrig till måttligutvecklingsstörning och en mentalt åldersmatchad kontrollgrupp. Vidare syfte var att undersöka hur barn med lindrig till måttlig utvecklingsstörning reagerar vid kommunikationssammanbrott, när personen inte har tillgång till en specifik referent. Studien har också undersökt vokabulär hos de båda grupperna och om detta har någon betydelse för vilka kommunikationsstrategier de väljer. I studien ingick två grupper. Den ena gruppen bestod av personer med utvecklingsstörning som har en kronologisk medelålder på 14:9 år, och kontrollgruppen bestod av barn utan utvecklingsstörning med en kronologisk medelålder på 7:8 år. Båda grupperna hade en mental medelålder på 8:6 år. Barnets kommunikativa strategier skattades av logopedstudenter i en referentiell kommunikationsuppgift och ordförrådsdelen i WISC-IV användes för att kunna jämföra ordförråd. Då idén till föreliggande studie föddes ur Ibertsson et al. studie från 2009 Deaf teenagers with cochlear implants in conversation with hearing peers har samma typer av efterfrågan om förtydligande använts som utgångspunkt i analys. Resultaten visade att personer med utvecklingsstörning kan skilja sig i användandet av olika typer av efterfrågningar från en mentalt åldersmatchad grupp. Vissa typer av efterfrågningar korrelerade signifikant med varandra i högre grad inom kontrollgruppen än inom målgruppen. Prestation på ordförrådstestet skiljde sig inte signifikant mellan grupperna. I jämförelse mellan medelpoäng på ordförrådstestet och typ av reaktion, som visar ordförrådets betydelse för hur personerna reagerar på den utbytta referenten, återfanns ett signifikant resultat i målgruppen. / Several studies have investigated the use of different types of requests for clarification in a referential communication task. The purpose of this study was to examine whether communication strategies differs between children with developmental disabilities and mental age matched peers in a referential communication task, and how the children react to a communication breakdown. We tested vocabulary to see if vocabulary correlates with different types of requests for clarification. Our study included two groups. One group consisted of people with development disabilities with chronological mean age of 14:9 years. The other group consisted of mental age matched children with no development disabilities. The mental mean age of both groups was 8:6 years. The children’s communicative strategies were assessed in a referential communication task. The vocabulary was examined with the vocabulary subtest of WISC-IV. Our results indicate that children with mental disabilities differ from mental age matched peers in the use of types of requests for clarification in this study. Different types of requests correlates with each other in both groups. This indicates that the persons in the groups use different strategies in solving the task. The vocabulary was not different between the groups.

Component Based Development has emerged as economical, reusable, scalable way of developing enterprise as well as embedded software applications. Testing distributed component based systems is difficult when third party components are being used in the development. Many testing methodologies that have been proposed for testing object oriented programs in the literature are being imported into component domain directly or by tuning them. But testing components involves much manual work due to the lack of information of the component. Middleware architectures like, DCOM(Distributed COM), Jini and CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) are being used in developing the distributed component applications in different vertical domains. In this thesis, a language- Distributed Object Testing Language(DOTL) for specifying the testing process and generation of distributed testing environment for CORBA based applications has been proposed. The language captures required semantics for specifying dummy servers, clients, controlling the testing process, generation of test cases, activating and deactivating objects. Many existing testing techniques can be specified using the semantics provided by the language. Faults occurring in distributed object systems, in addition to the functional errors, can be identifiable using the tool. The language provides abstract types object, argument to specify variables in the testing environment, and operations dealing with these variables to conducts necessary tests. The DOTL has been implemented on MICO(Mico Is CORBA) orb on Linux OS, with mapping of DOTL to CORBA C++.

Modern disk-storage systems have to accomplish the requirements of a variety of application classes. Applications that process continuous-media data such as video and audio streams require the storage system to guarantee sustained bandwidths. Interactive applications demand the storage system to ensure bounded response times, posing timing constraints on the execution of individual disk requests. Traditional timesharing applications may require both high throughput or overall short response times. With the described applications being more and more used together in todays computing systems, the disk-storage subsystems have to efficiently combine the different requirements of this application mix. In this thesis, I develop the design of a storage system that comprehensively addresses the various challenges posed by including the support for quality-of-service guarantees in disk-storage systems. The presented storage system provides three main properties. First, the admission control includes the support for statistical guarantees to increase the share of the disk bandwidth that can be utilized by the admission control. Second, the disk-request scheduling clearly separates the enforcement of real-time guarantees from the task to establish the optimal execution order of the requests, and it provides a flexible mechanism to combine the execution of requests with different quality-of-service requirements. Finally, the file system addresses both the needs of the former two elements of the storage system and of the various file types used by the applications by providing a flexible block-allocation policy and customized client interfaces. I show the implementation of the presented designs with the DROPS Disk-Storage System and I provide a detailed evaluation based on this implementation.

This mixed methods research study centers on learner-learner interactions; thus, contributing to the on-going investigation within negotiation and interaction, computer-mediated-communication and its role in second language learning. The specific aim was to investigate corrective feedback types, incidences, and the relationship between error and feedback type among peers within online synchronous environments in EFL classes in Slovenia, Europe. Interactional characteristics of corrective feedback with learners having a documented special need (SN) also were explored using qualitative analyses. The study encompassed 208 students that were randomly placed into 104 dyads within intact classes of Grades 7, 8, 10, and 11. There were 32 dyads in Grade 7, 16 dyads in Grade 8, 24 dyads in Grade 10, and 32 dyads in Grade 11. Three participants had a documented special need. Quantitative analysis did not reveal statistical significant difference in the incidence of corrective feedb feedback and grade level, the relationship among the type of corrective feedback and grade level, or the relationship between learner error and type of corrective feedback across grade levels. Corrective feedback types were similar to those studied in traditional classroom research (i.e., explicit corrections, recasts, negotiation of form). However, descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses revealed conversational techniques that are specific to text-based online discourses providing insight into interactional characteristics among interactants within a discourse environment that differs both from speech and written texts. Consequently, an additional corrective feedback type emerged from the data, coded as feedback request. The most frequent corrective feedback type provided was explicit corrections. Frequency data revealed that corrective feedback tended to decrease as the grade level increased. Data with SN learners indicated distinctive discourse techniques.Overall, low incidences of corrective feedback and error types might have been affected by the learner's developmental levels, social readiness, and/or psychological readiness (Oliver, 1998), as well as the learner's individual conversational styles and socio-cultural factors. Consequently, further research is warranted in examining these factors. In addition, longitudinal studies are warranted in examining whether online negotiated work lead towards L2 acquisition. Finally, the role of phantom corrective moves when coding qualitative online text data also need to be examined further.

Over the last few years, web-based attacks have caused significant harm to users. Many of these attacks occur through the exploitations of common security vulnerabilities in web-based programs. Given that, mitigation of these attacks is extremely crucial to reduce some of the harmful consequences. Web-based applications contain vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers at a client-side (browser) without the victim’s (browser user’s) knowledge. This thesis is intended to mitigate some exploitations due to the presence of security vulnerabilities in web applications while performing seemingly benign functionalities at the client-side. For example, visiting a webpage might result in JavaScript code execution (cross-site scripting), downloading a file might lead to the execution of JavaScript code (content sniffing), clicking on a hyperlink might result in sending unwanted legitimate requests to a trusted website (cross-site request forgery), and filling out a seemingly legitimate form may eventually lead to stealing of credential information (phishing). Existing web-based attack detection approaches suffer from several limitations such as (i) modification of both server and client-side environments, (ii) exchange of sensitive information between the server and client, and (iii) lack of detection of some attack types. This thesis addresses these limitations by mitigating four security vulnerabilities in web applications: cross-site scripting, content sniffing, cross-site request forgery, and phishing. We mitigate the exploitations of these vulnerabilities by developing automatic attack detection approaches at both server and client-sides. We develop server-side attack detection frameworks to detect attack symptoms within response pages before sending them to the client. The approaches are designed based on the assumption that the server-side program source is available for analysis, but we are not allowed to alter the program code and the runtime environments. Moreover, we develop client-side attack detection frameworks so that some level of protection is present when the source code of server websites (either trusted or untrusted) is not available. Our proposed solutions explore several techniques such as response page parsing and file content analysis, browser-level checking of requests and responses, and finite state machine-based behavior monitoring. The thesis evaluates the proposed attack detection approaches with real-world vulnerable programs. The evaluation results indicate that our approaches are effective and perform better than the related work. We also contribute to the development of benchmark suites for evaluating attack detection techniques. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2011-11-29 09:44:24.465