This essay revolves around Micrographia written by the English 17th century experimental philosopher Robert Hooke and the way it mediated microscopic experience. The focus of this study is on one hand the strategies Hooke used to communicate experience and on the other the responses by some of Hooke’s contemporary readers. By comparing Micrographia to Henry Power’s Experimental Philosophy, we see that Micrographia uses images where the author is invisible and textual narrations with an explicit authorial voice to mediate experimental experience to his contemporaries. Samuel Pepys uses the mediated experiences to learn how to see through the microscope and to become more like the author in Micrographia, Margaret Cavendish does not trust the representational techniques of Hooke and the playwright Thomas Shadwell satirizes the gentleman virtuoso that constitutes the narrative voice in Micrographia. By the study of these three readers, I build on Peter Dears definition of a scientific text as having an inherent reference to an experimental situation. By seeing Micrographia as defined through the interactions between the author and the readers, we see that this reference, and therefore a text’s scientific status, is defined by a relation between author and reader based on trust. The reader has to trust both the author and the representational techniques used in the text. The appropriation of Micrographia by readers who do not possess this trust, results in the redefinition of Micrographia into other kinds of texts that fill different purposes defined by the readers.

Denna uppsats vill beskriva två olika typer av konst- och vetenskapsorganisationer som sammanför konstnärer och vetenskapsmän. Olika händelser från dessa organisationer beskrivs dels för att verksamheten har varit banbrytande av olika slag. Dels innebär verksamheten någonting nytt på i alla fall i organiserad form. Det andra är att ställa E.A.T. och ASCI mot den linjära spridningsmodellen. Vad innebär tillkomsten av organisationer som E.A.T. för den linjära spridningsmodellen? Det som framkommer är att dessa två organisationer avviker från den linjära spridningsmodellen då konstnärer skapar och/eller förmedlar vetenskap istället för skapande vetenskapsmän och förmedlande journalister.

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William S. Lind och Robert Leonhard har båda givit ut skrifter som behandlar begreppet manöverkrigföring. Försvarsmakten skall vid operationer använda sig av manövertänkandet som enligt doktrinen har sin grund i manöverkrigföring. Den svenska doktrinen avser att ta utgångspunkt i teorin men lämnar fåtalet referenser till detta i sin utformning. Uppsatsen syftar till att studera likheterna mellan William S Lind och Robert Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring, och det manövertänkande som finns i Doktrin för gemensamma operationer. Författaren har genom en kvalitativ textanalys tagit ut ett antal indikatorer från teorierna som sedan har analyserats i doktrinen för att finna liknelser dessa emellan. Resultatet visar att Lind och Leonhards teorier om manöverkrigföring i vissa avseenden kan liknas vid doktrinen, samt att fler liknelser till Linds teori har funnits i doktrinen. Dock är det överlag få liknelser som har påträffats. / William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard have both published papers that explain how they look on maneuver warfare. Swedish Armed Forces during operations make use of maneuver thinking that is based on maneuver warfare according to the doctrine. The Swedish doctrine refers to the basis of the theory, but provides few references to this in their design.The paper aims to study the similarities between William S. Lind and Robert Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare, and the wordings which are in Doctrine for joint operations.The author has through a qualitative textual analysis made a number of indicators from the theories that have been analyzed in the doctrine to find similarities between them.The results show that Lind and Leonhard's theory of maneuver warfare are in some respects similar to the doctrine, and more similarities has been found in Lind's theory than in Leonhard's. But it is overall few similarities that have been found.

Cette thèse présente une conception de la rationalité qui évite les idéalisations des capacités cognitives des agents logiques, typiques des conceptions statiques de la rationalité axiomatique dans laquelle un agent n'est rationnel que dans la mesure où il ne se contredit pas et ce, peu importe les capacités cognitives qui lui sont allouées par les axiomes qui énoncent les normes auxquelles il doit se conformer pour être considéré rationnel (comme dans la théorie de la décision « standard » et les systèmes de preuve hilbertien). Afin d'obvier à ces idéalisations, je suggère d'utiliser l'approche dialogique de la logique (Lorenzen) dans la mesure où elle permet de délaisser la logique classique au profit d'une logique plus « faible » et de déployer une conception alternative de la rationalité « non monotone », c'est-à-dire « non cumulative » et dynamique. Dans ce contexte, je discute de la possibilité de procéder à une radicalisation des conditions d'assertabilité de la théorie anti-réaliste de la signification de Dummett qui prenne mieux en compte les actes judicatifs réellement à la portée des agents logique ainsi que les conséquences de cette radicalisation sur le choix de la logique. Sur cette base, je défends une conception de la rationalité des agents en termes de leurs capacités réelles, et non idéalisées, à justifier leurs assertions dans un cadre dialogique. Je suggère finalement de regarder du côté de la théorie de la rationalité « Socratique » de Sellars-Brandom que je compare à l'approche pragmatique de Lorenzen, car toutes les deux visent à rendre explicite ce qui est implicite dans nos jeux de langage, c'est-à-dire d'être capable de justifier ce que nous assertons. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Philosophie, Logique, Rationalité, Inférence, Épistémologie

In this thesis, many topics will be discussed and a variety of philosophers will be mentioned. The main goal of this thesis is to determine a health care plan that fits with the theories of Robert Nozick, Arthur Ripstein, Norman Daniels, and Amartya Sen. I conclude that Ezekiel Emanuel’s health care plan, The Guaranteed Healthcare Access Plan, can be used as a compromise between the views of each of these philosophers. In reaching such a conclusion, I take many steps. I begin with the explanation of theories of justice and their focus. I then turn to the important distinction between rights and ethics. Next, I explain that often closely held values come into conflict with one another. Then, I turn to the specific philosophers and their theories. Beginning with Nozick, I explain the justification for a state and how this justification is important for all four of the philosophers. Afterwards, in turn, I lay out what each philosopher claims in regards to a just society and the role of a state, his justification for such claims, and the results of such claims specifically in regards to health care. Subsequently, I examine the connections between philosophers, which help me understand the ways a health care system could be instituted to appeal to all four of them. After questioning if a just society can really exist in a limited world, I decide what type of health care system such a just society should implement. Finally, I rest on Ezekiel Emanuel’s plan, which I believe should be implemented in a just society and which best demonstrates the common ground between the four philosophers I discuss.

This study was the first research endeavor ever conducted concerning the population of Western toads, Anaxyrus boreas, at the Bernard Field Station. Despite the current lack of information regarding this population, they will become a concern in future years because they are threatened by habitat destruction. Preceding this study, a single breeding pond has been available to this population, which has been in use for the past 20 to 30 years. However, it is likely that the current breeding pond will be destroyed and the will be land developed for human use. In order to provide these toads with another breeding site, a new pond was constructed. Its suitability as an aquatic habitat was assessed on the basis of temperature, light intensity, algal growth and sediment levels in comparison to conditions at the old breeding pond. When tadpoles were raised in the laboratory in various water treatments, those reared in water from the new pond showed no decrease in survivorship or growth rate. The only significant difference in growth was between laboratory-raised and field animals. Tadpoles living in the field were both smaller in length during the larval period as well as smaller in mass at metamorphosis. Additionally, 75% of the tadpoles translocated to the new site completed full metamorphosis. Therefore, the new pond is both hospitable and conducive to tadpole development, a positive sign for future conservation efforts.

In response to imminent habitat destruction at the Robert J. Bernard Biological Field Station (BFS), translocation was assessed as a conservation strategy for a population of Western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Currently, the BFS is home to a relatively unstudied population of Western toads, which rely on the existence of a seasonal breeding pond in open land owned by Harvey Mudd College on the west side of the field station. Unfortunately, there are plans to develop this plot of land within the next few years and so the breeding pond will be destroyed. In an effort to protect the Western toads, which are listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, a new breeding pond was developed within the protected portion of the field station. Then, the potential of the new pond to be used as a habitat for Western toads was assessed. Pond temperatures, light intensities, algae growth, and suspended material were measured in both the original and the new ponds from January to April, 2010 and were found to be suitable in both locations for the development of Western toad tadpoles. When eggs were laid in the original breeding pond, egg and then later tadpole development were monitored in the field. Additionally, nearly 400 tadpoles were captured and raised in the laboratory in water from both the new and old ponds (as well as dechloraminated tap water) in order to determine how and to what degree the different pond water types affected the development and survival of the tadpoles. In the laboratory, tadpole survival and the percent of tadpoles to achieve full metamorphosis was higher in water from the new pond than water from the original breeding pond, suggesting that there is nothing apparent about the water chemistry in the new pond that would limit tadpole development. Lastly, a mini-translocation of 400 young tadpoles was completed as a trial for a full-scale relocation attempt in the future. These tadpoles developed normally in the new pond when compared to tadpoles from the original pond and also had a high survival rate (at least 75%) to full metamorphosis. Translocation success cannot be determined without long-term monitoring and unfortunately, although the aquatic habitat of the new pond seems suitable for relocation, the terrestrial habitat as well as the predator density surrounding the new pond may limit its success in the future. However, due to the lack of time before the original breeding pond is destroyed, full-scale translocation of eggs and tadpoles during the next breeding season is recommended.

Having already been hired as an environmental organizer, I reflect on how my childhood experiences impacted me. I embark upon this vocational journey with youthful optimism, a good dose of realism, and just a touch of cynicism. An environmental organizer is someone who works mobilizing individuals around targeted environmental issues. They create policy changes that are environmentally positive… generally for little pay. What has motivated me, and scores of others, to willingly take on this seemingly impossible task? For me: was it the summer vacations to Yellowstone and The Rocky Mountains with my brothers and parents? Maybe it was being able to explore in “The Woods” behind my elementary school as a child? These questions have been central in my life this semester, as I am involved in two environmental education programs: the K-12 education component of Energy Service Corps (ESC) and the Leadership in Environmental Education Partnership (LEEP). My work within these organizations, which I will elaborate on in greater detail, compels me to contemplate the impact these programs have on children.

This thesis is not intended to be an indictment of our leaders — well, not entirely, anyway. This thesis is meant to be an exercise in listening. I talked to a lot of people on every side of this issue, and tried hard to listen. I obviously have my biases, but I did my best to understand where everyone was coming from. I tried to evaluate groups instead of individuals as participants in this issue. My interviewees were requested to express views on behalf of the community group to which they belonged. I tried to find the opinions that best defined the majority of each group. Sometimes these came from resolutions, sometimes surveys, and other times analyses of local newspaper letters. In writing this up, I hoped to express the the voices I heard from a common ground. It seems that we've let our voices become antagonistic — that we've lost the will to embrace new opinions and engage in debate. I hope that people reading this might listen to the voices that are speaking — understand where they come from instead of preparing a rebuttal of their opinions. Consider our own actions and how they affect the situation. Think about whether we’re prepared to let this battle divide our community into the dreamers who get their way and those who don’t — or if we are ready to listen to one another, offer compromises, and do what really benefits this community the most. This thesis is an effort to explore different perspectives on a common issue and document the voices that have been cast aside and ignored. I originally wanted to speak for the Bernard Field Station, because I wasn’t sure how much longer it would be around to speak for itself. But I now realized it is futile. If you are willing to listen, the place speaks for itself ... and the story it tells is remarkable.