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Submitted by FERNANDO LACERDA SIMÕES DUARTE null (lacerda.lacerda@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-30T18:10:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DUARTE_Fernando_LS_tese_musica_resgates_e_abandonos.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-01T13:23:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_fls_dr_ia.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T13:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 duarte_fls_dr_ia.pdf: 42562559 bytes, checksum: 277fe3fc40d5baae35f25faf334c8c9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de três problemas: por que os resgates do passado e determinados esquecimentos intencionais que ocorreram na Igreja Católica, no Brasil, entre 1903 e 2013 foram eficientes para sua manutenção? O repertório musical composto e/ou executado no Brasil neste período contribuiu para este processo ou o refletiu? Quais os limites da eficiência deste processo? A fim de respondê-los, recorreu-se à legislação eclesiástica sobre música sacra, publicações e decisões de organismos eclesiásticos especializados no tema, além de fontes musicais recolhidas a diversos acervos. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo em cerca de quinhentas instituições, com pesquisa de fontes em mais de cento e setenta delas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir dos referenciais de memória, esquecimento, tradição e identidade coletiva em Joël Candau, Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Michael Pollak, dentre outros, e recorrendo às teorias de sistemas sociais complexos em Niklas Luhmann e Walter Buckley – com a adaptação dos tipos weberianos de controle à abordagem sistêmica por este último. Na primeira metade do século XX, a restauração musical católica e a Romanização determinaram uma clara passagem do tipo weberiano tradicional ao racionallegal, implicando uma adequação de ferramentas analíticas: ao invés de modelos pré- composicionais, faz mais sentido pensar o repertório produzido neste período a partir da noção de controle normativo – que se estendeu a aspectos composicionais, interpretativos e relacionais. Com o Concílio Vaticano II, as relações de controle se modificaram, bem como as metas musicais do sistema religioso. Na América Latina, a partir da década de 1970, um discurso dualista em relação ao passado pretendeu o esquecimento das práticas musicais pré- conciliares, buscando inspiração na música popular e em memórias do catolicismo tradicional, e ensejando o desenvolvimento de um repertório brasileiro, associado à canção de protesto. Com João Paulo II e Bento XVI, estas metas musicais passaram por um refreamento, decorrente da política adotada por estes pontífices em relação à Teologia da Libertação. Com isto, outras memórias foram resgatadas com vistas à ênfase do Concílio Vaticano II enquanto continuidade. Os resultados da tese apontam para a coerência entre as memórias musicais resgatadas por especialistas e acadêmicos e os discursos que determinaram as metas do sistema religioso como um todo, enquanto fator de legitimação destas metas. Esta adequação legitimou as metas musicais por meio da tradição e revelou a eficiência do processo. Por outro lado, foi possível observar os limites deste controle: memórias musicais locais, a manutenção de identidades coletivas e de manifestações religiosas tradicionais, necessidades práticas, memórias afetivas, interesses políticos (identidade nacional), econômicos, e principalmente, a capacidade de negociação dos indivíduos e grupos locais em relação às metas do sistema religioso. / This research builds upon three issues: why the restoration of the past and certain intentional forgetfulness that occurred in Catholic Church in Brazil between 1903 and 2013 were efficient for its maintenance? The musical repertoire composed and/or performed in Brazil in this period contributed for this process or reflected it? Which limits the effectiveness of this process? To answer them, resorted to ecclesiastic legislation on sacred music, publications and decisions from ecclesiastic agencies specialized on the subject, as well musical sources preserved in several collections. Field work was conducted in approximately five hundred institutions, with research of sources in more than one hundred and seventy of them. Data were analyzed from the benchmarks of memory, forgetfulness and collective identity in Joël Candau, Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Michael Pollak, and others, and through the theory of the complex social systems in Niklas Luhmann and Walter Buckley – with the adaptation of Weberian types of control to the systemic approach by the later. In the first half of the twentieth century, the Catholic Musical Restoration and the Romanization determined a clear passage from the traditional Weberian type to the rational-legal, implying an adaptation of analytical tools: instead of pre-compositional models, it makes more sense to think the repertoire produced in this period from the normative control notion – that extended the compositional, interpretative and relational aspects. With Second Vatican Council, the control relationships were changed as well as the musical targets of the religious system. In Latin America, from the 1970s, a dualist discourse over the past meant the forgetfulness of the precounciliar musical practices, seeking inspiration in popular music and traditional Catholicism memories, and allowing for the development of a Brazilian repertoire, associated to the protest song. With John Paul II and Benedict XVI, these musical targets were diminished, due to the policy adopted by these pontiffs in relation to Liberation Theology. In this way, other memories were restored to emphasize the Second Vatican Council as continuity. The thesis results point to the coherency between the musical memories restored by specialists and academics and the discourses that determined the targets of whole religious system, as a factor of legitimation of these targets. This adequateness legitimized musical targets by tradition and revealed the process efficiency. On the other hand, the limits of the control were observed: musical memories, maintenances of collective identities and traditional religious manifestations, practical needs, emotional memories, political (national identity) and economical interests, and above all, the ability trading of individuals and local groups in relation to the targets of the religious system.

Esta dissertação aborda o projeto de Romanização da Igreja Católica no Espírito Santo, na gestão de seu primeiro bispo, dom João Batista Corrêa Nery (1896-1901), e suas decorrências nas esferas política e social. Embora curto, esse período é fundamental para se compreender como a Igreja conseguiu se fortalecer em um ambiente laicizado. Procurou-se esclarecer as relações entre Igreja e Estado no início da República e, consequentemente, o papel desta Instituição na consolidação do regime republicano. A análise dos discursos comuns entre elite republicana e hierarquia católica possibilitaram a conciliação entre os poderes nesse período. / The present dissertation tackles the subject of Catholic Church\'s project of Romanization in Espírito Santo during the administration of dom João Batista Corrêa Nery, Espírito Santo\'s first bishop, and political and social interference of the Romanization politics. Although short this period is basic to understand how the Church obtained to fortify itself in a laicized environment. The political approach will consist of the analysis of the relation between Church and State at the beginning of Republic and the role of this Institution in republican regime\'s consolidation. That\'s why we tried to find which common speeches between republican elite and catholic hierarchy made possible the conciliation between them in this period.

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The 'Romanization' of the African provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis was in fact a two-way process of exchange between Roman and African elements which resulted in a uniquely Romano-African civilization. The imperial cult highlights issues common to all Romanization processes, such as ruler-subject interaction and the role of local initiative in bringing about change, as well as unique issues such as the impact of politics on emperor-worship. The success of the imperial cult was hampered by the fact that only a select few - notably the wealthy local elite - derived direct benefit from the process, and by the fact that, because the pre-Roman Mauretaniae had no established ruler-cults, the imperial cult failed to assimilate with local tradition. As a result, the cult was unable either to make a decisive impact on the Romanization of the Mauretanians, or to achieve any real religious unity among them. / History / M.A. (Ancient History)

The 'Romanization' of the African provinces of Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis was in fact a two-way process of exchange between Roman and African elements which resulted in a uniquely Romano-African civilization. The imperial cult highlights issues common to all Romanization processes, such as ruler-subject interaction and the role of local initiative in bringing about change, as well as unique issues such as the impact of politics on emperor-worship. The success of the imperial cult was hampered by the fact that only a select few - notably the wealthy local elite - derived direct benefit from the process, and by the fact that, because the pre-Roman Mauretaniae had no established ruler-cults, the imperial cult failed to assimilate with local tradition. As a result, the cult was unable either to make a decisive impact on the Romanization of the Mauretanians, or to achieve any real religious unity among them. / History / M.A. (Ancient History)

Les études dédiées aux lampes en terre cuite en Gaule et dans l’Empire romain sont relativement abondantes. Depuis le travail fondateur de S. Loeschcke (1919), nous avons aujourd’hui une idée relativement précise des différents modèles qui sont apparus entre la période tardo-républicaine et la fin du Haut-Empire. Toutefois, le luminaire est avant tout considéré, de par la multitude des formes et des décors, comme un objet muséographique ou pédagogique car il représente le mode d’éclairage par excellence de l’Antiquité. En archéologie, il sert de moyen de datation au même titre que la terre sigillée ou les monnaies. Mais on oublie trop souvent que la lampe en terre cuite est d’abord un objet manufacturé, fruit de l’industrie humaine. À cet effet, elle peut fournir de précieuses informations sur l’artisanat antique et plus particulièrement, sur la manière dont les potiers ont réussi à produire un objet qui leur était étranger, sur les problèmes qu’ils ont rencontrés et les solutions qu’ils ont appliquées. L’étude des caractéristiques techniques d’une lampe permet aujourd’hui de tracer la production d’un atelier spécifique et en même temps, grâce à des cartes, d’en définir l’aire de diffusion à différentes échelles spatiales (région, pays). Enfin, l’adoption de cet éclairage artificiel, typiquement méditerranéen, parles populations indigènes, est l’un des facteurs de romanisation que l’on perçoit, le plus souvent, à travers les pratiques funéraires et cultuelles.Ce travail de recherche, novateur, permet de revenir sur ces différentes problématiques dans un espace confiné au Centre-Est de la Gaule. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis d’identifier différentes entités productrices et leurs réseaux de distribution au cours de diverses phases chronologiques comprises entre le Ier s. av. J.-C. et le IVe s. apr. J.-C. et qu’accompagne une réflexion sur la consommation des lampes en terre cuite durant cette période. / There are quite many articles and monographs dedicated to terracotta lamps in Gaul and Roman Empire. Since the pioneer work done by S. Loeschcke (1919), we have been developing till today, abetter understanding of the lamps that have appeared between the post-republican to the Early Roman empire period. But very often, due to the various shapes and decorated medallions, the lamps are only considered as museum or educational items, because they represent the ultimate lighting mode during Antiquity. In archeology, they are used as a dating tool as well as the terra sigillata or the antique coins.However, we usually forget that the terracotta lamp is a manufactured product issued from the human work and therefore, is able to provide invaluable information on antique craft industry. Through their study, we are able to understand how the Gallo-roman potters have been adapting themselves to the manufacturing of a product they did not know, to new technical challenges and new processes. Also, thanks to the analysis of the technical aspects of the lamp itself we can track the products belonging to the same potters’ workshop as well as we can map the distributed market areas at various scales (regional, country-wide). Finally, the adoption by the local people of this lighting mode that is typically Mediterranean is a clear sign of Romanization, especially through the funeraland religious practices. This innovating study is focusing on these issues within a defined area, the East Central Gaul. The results have enabled the identification of several workshops and their distribution network during the different chronological phases from 1st century BC to 4th century AD and have also opened adevelopment on the way of consuming the terracotta lamps during this period

Cette recherche a pour objet l’histoire de la mission entreprise par les religieux de la province dominicaine de Toulouse au Brésil, à la fin du XIXe siècle. Ces missionnaires partent s’installer dans le diocèse de Goiás, au centre du pays, en 1881. La mission se poursuit jusqu’en 1952, date à laquelle est érigée une province dominicaine brésilienne. Durant cette période, les dominicains mettent en place un vaste projet missionnaire et s’inscrivent dans des dynamiques transatlantiques qui voient l’installation de nombreuses congrégations européennes en Amérique latine et en particulier au Brésil. L’étude de cette mission à travers les correspondances missionnaires ouvre de nombreuses pistes de réflexion parmi lesquelles deux axes essentiels se détachent: d'un côté, le rôle d'agent des pouvoirs spirituels et temporels tenu par les missionnaires dominicains, de l'autre, les transformations de la mission au contact des réalités brésiliennes. Ces deux aspects s'articulent dans un contexte plus large, celui de la romanisation et de la naissance du catholicisme social, dynamiques fondamentales de l’Église catholique de la fin du XIXe siècle et de la première moitié du XXe siècle.L’analyse proposée ici se situe au niveau des acteurs, les missionnaires dominicains, tant dans l’étude de leurs actions missionnaires que de leurs représentations du Brésil. Ce sont les principaux auteurs de nos sources ; nous les définissons comme des passeurs et des récepteurs. Cette démarche permet d’analyser les échanges culturels générés par la mission et de mettre en évidence son évolution et ses transformations. / This work focus on the history of the mission undertaken by the monks of the Dominican Province of Toulouse in Brazil, at the end of the 19th century. These missionaries leave to settle down in the diocese of Goiás, in the center of the country, in 1881. The mission continues until 1952, date on which is set up a Brazilian Dominican province. During this period, the Dominicans set up a vast missionary project and integrate transatlantic dynamics which lead to the installation of many European congregations in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. The study of this mission through missionary correspondence opens many lines of thinking among which two essential axes are detached: the first aim is to analyse the role of agent of spiritual and temporal powers held by the Dominican missionaries, the second is to describe the transformations of the mission in contact with Brazilian realities. These two aspects are articulated in a broader context, that of the Romanization and the birth of social Catholicism, which constitute the fundamental dynamic of the Catholic Church at the end of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century.The proposed analysis here lies in the actors, the Dominican missionaries, both in the study of their missionary activities as representations of Brazil. These are the main authors of our sources; we define them as cultural brokers and receivers. This approach makes it possible to analyse the cultural exchanges generated by the mission and to put in evidence its evolution and its alterations. / O escopo principal da pesquisa é analisar a história da missão religiosa da província dominicana de Toulouse no Brasil, de 1881 a 1952. Com o olhar centrado nos protagonistas dominicanos, busca-se analisar a atuação missionária, a construção de representações sobre o Brasil e intercâmbios culturais.Os missionários estabeleceram-se por mais de 70 anos entre os estados de Goiás, de Minas Gerais e do Pará, onde desenvolveram vasto projeto missionário, até 1952, quando então erigiram a província dominicana brasileira. Com base na correspondência trocada pelos missionários com a sede de Toulouse, a pesquisa enfatiza a transformação da missão quando confrontada com a realidade brasileira e a forma como os dominicanos assumiram a postura de agente de poder espiritual e temporal. Esses dois eixos se articulam no quadro de romanização da Igreja do Brasil e de desenvolvimento do catolicismo social. Ambas são dinâmicas fundamentais da Igreja católica de finais do século XIX até meados do século XX.

Les lieux de culte antiques constituent des observatoires privilégiés des évolutions que connaissent les communautés. Ils sont le lieu où s'établit de manière privilégiée la communication entre la communauté et ses dieux. Ils font souvent l'objet d'un investissement financier et symbolique important et contribuent à exprimer l'identité de la communauté qui s'y rassemble. Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse au rôle joué par les lieux de culte de la Transpadane occidentale et centrale, dans l'organisation du territoire des peuples puis des cités de la plaine padane et des vallées alpines. L'intégration de la région dans l'Italie romaine fut très progressive et fut l'objet de plusieurs expérimentations administratives. Après avoir été alliés à Rome par la signature de traités, les habitants de la région reçurent en 89 av. J-C. le droit latin et furent organisés sous forme de colonies. Puis, en 49 av. J-C., Je droit romain leur fut concédé. Sous Auguste, les vallées alpines conquises furent rattachées à l'Italie selon le régime de l'« adtributio ». Ces changements de statut modifièrent en profondeur l'organisation politique et territoriale des peuples intégrés. En s'appuyant sur un recensement des lieux de culte connus par la documentation littéraire, épigraphique et archéologique, ce travail cherche d'une part à expliquer leurs évolutions - leur mise en place, leur abandon et leurs transformations - dans le contexte de la conquête et de la mise en place du cadre administratif romain, et d'autre part à montrer comment, à travers une telle étude, on peut écrire l'histoire des territoires et des communautés de la plaine du Pô et des vallées alpines. / The study of ancient cult places affords remarkable insights into the evolutions that shape the communities using and managing them. Since these are the places where the community and its gods communicate and since that function distinguishes cult places from other parts of the territory, they often are the objects of important investments, both financial and symbolic. They, in turn, become an expression of the identity of the community that gathers there. Cult places are distinct from other space-structuring elements because they manifest, within a certain region, the presence of a given group and help to define this group's territory. This dissertation studies the role of Cisalpine cult places - of Western and Central Transpadana to be exact- in the territorial organization of the peoples then cities, of the plain of Padania and the alpine valleys. The chosen period begins with the start of the Roman domination in the region, at the beginning of the 2nd century B.C., and ends in the 3rd century A.D., when the epigraphic evidences become scarce. The length of this period answers the need for a dyachronic study of the relationships between territory and cult places. The integration of the region in Roman Italy was indeed a slow one and was marked by several administrative experiments. The region's inhabitants first signed treaties of alliance with Rome. They received Latin Rights in 89 B.C. and were reorganized into colonies, before receiving Roman Rights, in 49 B.C.. The alpine valleys were conquered under Augustus and incorporated within Italy as adtributi. These changes in status implied a deep political and territorial reorganisation for the locals. Based on an inventory and study of the cult places known from literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidences, this dissertation aims, on the one hand, to explain their evolution - creation, abandon and transformations- within the context of the Roman conquest and imposition of the Roman administrative structure, and, on the other hand, to show how, through such a study, one can write the story of the territories and communities of Padania and the alpine valleys.

Ce mémoire concentrera ses efforts sur les questions de logistique dans la province romaine de Bretagne durant le IIe siècle. Le règne des Antonins et le sommet du pouvoir impérial serviront de base pour une analyse des bénéfices et coûts de la province. Cette recherche explorera les coûts de la « romanisation » ainsi que les différentes méthodes utilisées par l’armée romaine pour assurer son ravitaillement. Le rôle des villes dans ce réseau et de la « romanisation » sera abordé pour analyser les demandes de ressources nécessaires au maintien des villes de l'antiquité et son poids sur la campagne. Finalement, l'économie romaine ainsi que ses fluctuations durant le règne des Antonins sera traitée pour mieux comprendre les mutations de l’administration romaine en Bretagne. De ce fait, cette recherche tentera de cerner l’administration de la province au quotidien. Une attention supplémentaire sera posée sur les enjeux concernant le maintien de l’infrastructure, avec pour but d'évaluer le poids fiscal que pouvait représenter l’entretien de villes et forts lors de l'occupation romaine. Ce mémoire rassemblera nos connaissances sur ces sujets pour permettre de mieux réfléchir sur le poids réel des responsabilités de l'administration de la frontière de la province de Bretagne. Cette analyse illustrera une opinion d'historien à un champ de recherche généralement abordé d’un point de vue archéologique. Je suis persuadé que l'analyse des découvertes faites sur la Bretagne romaine peut bénéficier du point de vue et des constatations faites par multiples champs des sciences humaines. / This thesis focuses on questions of logistics in the Roman province of Britain during the second century. The reign of the Antonine dynasty, when Roman power reached its apex, serves as the backdrop of this costs-benefits analysis of the province. This research explores the costs of Romanization as well as the different methods used by the Roman army to ensure its supplies. The role of cities in this network and of “Romanization” is brought forward to analyse the demands of the resources necessary for maintaining a Roman city during antiquity and its economical weight on the countryside. Finally, the Roman economy as well as its fluctuations under the Antonines is discussed to understand the fluctuations in the Roman administration of Britain. As such, this research investigates what the daily administration was like. Special attention is given to the afferent costs of maintaining the infrastructure with the goal of appreciating the cost of maintaining cities and fortresses. This thesis gathers our knowledge on those subjects to better understand and reflect on the real weight and responsibilities related to the administration of the frontier province of Britain. It is a historian’s point of view in a field generally addressed through an archeological lens. I am convinced that the analysis of discoveries made in Roman Britain can benefit from the insights and reflections done by multiple social sciences, including history.