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Showing 11 to 17 of 17 (0.094 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"routinization"" "subject:"routinizations""
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Indicators of Early Adult and Current Personality in Parkinson's DiseaseSullivan, Kelly 01 January 2011 (has links)
Introduction: Previous epidemiologic studies suggest that the personality of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients differs from that of controls, and laboratory evidence supports a potential common pathophysiology of personality traits and PD. One nested case-control study found that PD cases were significantly more anxious than controls before the clinical onset of the disease, and additional data suggest that certain occupations may be risk factors for the disease. Additionally, the latent period that precedes the onset of motor symptoms of PD is unknown.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association of PD with objective indicators of current and pre-morbid personality, to determine the correlation of early-adult life personality indicators with current personality characteristics and to evaluate the role of personality as indicated by occupational choice and employment patterns in the risk for PD using the Dictionary of Occupational Titles job classification system.
Methods: Eighty-nine cases and 99 controls completed in-person structured interviews. Assessments included measures of current personality characteristics and indicators of early-adult (ages 20-35 years) personality, such as activities and lifestyle patterns. Associations between these latent personality variables and current personality characteristics were studied using correlation, partialling out the effects of age, sex and education. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of early-adult personality and occupational characteristics and the risk for Parkinson's disease.
Results: Cases with Parkinson's disease reported higher levels of neuroticism (OR=1.05 (95% CI 1.00-1.11)) and harm-avoidance (OR = 1.07 (95% CI 1.00-1.15)) compared with controls on measures of current personality. A stable association among many traits, particularly traits such as novelty-seeking, which are driven by dopaminergic function, was present not only among controls with presumably normal dopaminergic function throughout their lives, but also among cases. Early-adult life routinization was correlated with current levels of neuroticism (cases: r=0.33, p=0.01; controls: r=0.26, p=0.04), extraversion (cases: r=-0.33, p=0.01; controls: r=-0.33, p=0.04), novelty-seeking (cases: r=-0.33, p=0.015; controls: r=-0.34, p=0.007) and harm-avoidance (cases: r=0.47, p=0.0003; controls: r=0.45, p=0.0002) and for the association of early-adult life activity risks with harm-avoidance (cases: r=-0.47, p=0.0004; controls: r=-0.42, p=0.0006). Taking or wanting to take "activity risks," such as riding on roller coasters as a young adult was found to reduce the odds of Parkinson's disease (OR = 0.78 (95% CI 0.63-0.97)) in the entire sample, while higher levels of early-adult routinization were associated with a greater risk for Parkinson's disease among women (OR=1.63 (95% CI 1.05-2.53)). Parkinson's disease was inversely associated with the total number of jobs held (OR=0.87 (95% CI 0.75-0.99)) but not with the number of job categories or duration of the primary occupation. Increased complexity of work with people was associated with PD among women (OR=0.69 (95% CI 0.53-0.89), as was less complex work with things (OR=1.45 (95% CI 1.11-1.88). The complexity of work with data, people or things was not associated with the risk for PD among men or in the sample as a whole. Men with PD whose work involved greater complexity with data took fewer activity risks (r=0.32, p=0.02) and reported greater routinization (r=-0.34, p=0.01) as a young adult.
Conclusions: This evaluation of early-adult risk factors advances current knowledge about the premorbid period of PD and supports the hypothesis that a long period of subclinical disease precedes the onset of motor symptoms. These findings validate the association of these early-adult personality traits and PD and support the idea that behaviors associated with PD personality exist many years before the presentation of motor symptoms. Dopaminergic aspects of personality were related to occupational choices and future consideration of this hypothesis is warranted. Since PD is a degenerative disorder, determining the age of onset of this illness is important in the search for modifiable risk factors and neuroprotective strategies.
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Peter L. Berger's Early Conception of Agency: Exposition and Evaluation.Greene, James 08 May 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Peter L. Berger's conception of agency in his earliest writings (c.1954-1960) is logically and empirically inadequate. At the root of this inadequacy is an idealism that prevents him from providing a compelling account of actual empirical agency. Chapter 1 asserts that Berger's earlier works warrant analysis. Chapter 2 discusses Berger's earliest influences, particularly Max Weber and The Swedish Lund School of motif research. Chapter 3 identifies a unique commitment to Christian Humanism at the base of Berger's conception of agency. Chapter 4 clarifies how Berger's Christian humanism interacts with his Weberian, and Parsonian-inspired functional analysis of the American religious establishment. The thesis concludes (Chapter 5) by identifying more specifically how and why Berger's Christian humanism undermines his attempt to empirically ground human agency.
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Peeling an Apple: Police Discretion from an Officer's Perspective in Terms of a Definition, Education, and the Process of RoutinizationBeech, Andrew Evan 09 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.
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Understanding the Sustainability of Selected Recommendations for a Nursing Best Practice Guideline within an Acute Care ContextNadalin Penno, Letitia 14 September 2021 (has links)
Background: To date, little attention has focused on what the factors are and how Best Practice Guidelines (BPGs) are sustained in acute care over time.
Problem: For ten years, a multi-site acute care center supported the use of a Pain Assessment and Management Policy and Protocol (Pain P/P), placing the decision to use it with point of care nurses. Despite early implementation success, the nursing department identified an evidence-based gap on Medicine care units.
Purpose: To (i) identify factors influencing nurses’ use (or not) of the Pain P/P over time, and ten years post-implementation; (ii) examine related knowledge translation interventions (KTIs) used over time, and ten years post-implementation; (iii) validate unit nurses’ use of the Pain P/P ten years post-implementation; and (iv) identify relevant sustainability frameworks/models/theories (F/M/Ts), constructs and factors for sustained use of BPGs in acute care.
Methodology: A case study of an organization-wide nursing BPG was conducted ten years following initial implementation using mixed methods guided by the Dynamic Sustainability Framework (Chambers, 2013). The case study setting was a 1122 bed acute care center in Canada. I examined BPG sustainability at the (corporate) department and unit levels (two embedded subcases). Data sources included 19 informant interviews (3-corporate, 16-unit level), 200 chart audits (100/subcase), and 29 documents. I concurrently conducted a systematic review to identify sustainability concepts and factors for use in acute care to compare case study results.
Results: I identified 7 constructs, 49 factors, and 29 KTIs influencing sustained use of evidence-base practices (EBPs) in acute care. Three factors and eight KTIs had a continuous influence during implementation and sustained use phases. Findings confirm the concept of sustainability is a dynamic ‘process’ or ‘ongoing phase’.
Conclusions: This thesis provides a novel resource to support future practice and research aimed at sustaining EBPs to improve nursing practice and related patient outcomes. Attention to the level of application and changing conditions over time impacting factors that influence EBP use is required for sustainment. Use of a participatory approach to engage users in designing remedial plans and link KTIs to target behaviors that incrementally address low adherence rates promotes sustainability.
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La routine vaccinale. Enquête sur un programme français de rationalisation par les nombres, 1949-1999. / Routinizing Vaccination. An inquiry into the French project of rationalizing immunization with numbers, 1949-1999.Thomas, Gaëtan 31 May 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse examine l’apport du travail statistique à la normalisation de la vaccination en France, des années 1950 au milieu des années 1990, une période au cours de laquelle la vaccination a fait l’objet de peu de controverses. Au moyen d’opérations statistiques de rationalisation, de régulation et de justification, l’épidémiologie (entendue comme un ensemble de pratiques plutôt qu’une discipline universitaire autonome) a largement contribué à maintenir cet état de fait – un processus que je qualifie de routinisation. L’enquête est construite sur des archives issues de diverses institutions, nationales et internationales, ainsi que sur une série d’entretiens avec les principaux acteurs du domaine. Elle éclaire le rôle d’un groupe d’épidémiologistes associés au Centre international de l’enfance (1949-1999), qui mit en œuvre un programme de rationalisation et de simplification de la vaccination. Dans cette période coloniale et postcoloniale, l’Afrique subsaharienne était un de leurs terrains de prédilection : ils y réalisèrent de nombreux essais, simultanément à leurs activités métropolitaines. L’implication de l’OMS dans le domaine de la vaccination a conforté la dimension internationale de cette routinisation : les épidémiologistes français se sont appropriés des opérations statistiques popularisées par Genève. À la fin de la période considérée, la controverse de la vaccination contre l’hépatite B a perturbé cette routinisation et mis en évidence un écart croissant entre les logiques de l’épidémiologie et l’expérience des individus vaccinés. Cette recherche éclaire d’une lumière nouvelle la façon dont l’intervention de santé publique la plus courante a été normalisée et gouvernée par des nombres. / This dissertation studies the entanglement between statistical production and the normalization of immunization practices in France from the 1950s to the mid-1990s, a period during which immunization remained largely uncontroversial. By rationalizing, regulating, and justifying immunization, epidemiology (understood as a collection of practices, rather than a discrete academic discipline) has contributed greatly to this normalization – a process I term “routinization.” This research project is based on archival findings, both in France and internationally, as well as a series of interviews with significant actors in the field. It is primarily focused on a group of epidemiologists affiliated with the Centre international de l’enfance (French International Children’s Center, 1949-1999), whose mission was to rationalize and simplify immunization for children. Throughout the institution’s history, which overlaps with the late colonial period and the process of de-colonization, there is a significant engagement with Francophone Africa: numerous trials were carried out simultaneously in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Paris region. The transnational nature of this activity is also due, in part, to the involvement of the World Health Organization in matters of immunization – French epidemiologists appropriated calculations popularized on a global scale. At the end of the period in question, the Hepatitis B vaccine controversy disrupted the routinization process and shed light on the rising gap between the discourse and practice of epidemiology and the experience of vaccinated individuals. This study offers new insights into the role of numbers in the maintenance and governance of the most common public health intervention.
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Théorie générale du charisme et de la crise de succession en régime charismatique / Generaly theory of charisma and the succession crisis in charismatic regimeMeite, Youssouf 26 November 2012 (has links)
L’objet de cette thèse porte sur le charisme et la crise de succession en régime charismatique. À l’aide d’éléments théoriques puisés chez Max Weber et ses successeurs, on tente de faire un bilan, une synthèse des recherches passées et celles en cours, et de proposer notre propre compréhension du pouvoir charismatique et la question de son utilité. En effet, bien que le concept de charisme soit largement utilisé et discuté par les théoriciens du pouvoir et du leadership, il demeure encore une énigme majeure des sciences sociales, politiques et juridiques. Ainsi, persuadé de sa pertinence comme principe de légitimation du pouvoir politique, on tente d’explorer plus en avant certains de ses aspects négligés ou insuffisamment élaborés, afin de proposer une vue d’ensemble sur la question. L’illustration de ses grandes figures historiques les plus marquantes comme Mussolini, Hitler, Khomeiny, de Gaulle, Mao, Houphouët, Nkrumah nous permet d’entrevoir ses vertus et ses vices, mettant également en avant les crises de succession en régime charismatique avec leurs différentes solutions. / The purpose of this thesis deals with the charisma and the succession crisis in charismatic regime. With the help of theoretical elements drawn from Max Weber and his successors, we try to make an assessment, a summary of previous researches and those in progress, and propose our own understanding of charismatic power and the question of its usefulness. Indeed, although the concept of charisma is widely used and discussed by the theorists of power and leadership, it remains a major conundrum of social science, political and legal. So convinced of its relevance as a principle of legitimation of political power, we attempt to further explore some aspects neglected or insufficiently developed to provide an overview of the issue. The illustration of these great historical figures, the most significant, like Mussolini, Hitler, Khomeini, De Gaulle, Mao, Houphouët, and Nkrumah gives a glimpse of its virtues and its vices, thus highlighting the crises of succession in charismatic regime with their different solutions.
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Vliv vyřazení zrakového analyzátoru na udržení přímého směru plavce při použití plaveckého způsobu kraul / The impact of the exclusion of the visual analyzer on the swimmerś ability to swim straight while doing the crowlŠtouračová, Andrea January 2011 (has links)
Title: The impact of the exclusion of the visual analyzer on the swimmer's ability to swim straight while doing the crawl Goals: The goal of this work is to determine the impact of the exclusion of the visual analyzer on one's ability to swim straight while doing the crawl; to find and analyze the angle of the deviation from the set central line, if any, using measurable variables; to find the critical spots in the fulfillment of a set movement assignment where the swimmer deviated from his straight swimming direction, to make a qualitative analysis of these spots in relation to the individually optimal technique, and to propose potential corrections of the time and space of movements of the upper limbs work and the body. Methods: A qualitative analysis with a manual measurement of the deviation from the straight direction of swimming per constant distance. Analysis of a video- recording to find the critical points in the crawl technique. Questionnaire to deal with participants' upper limbs laterality. Results: We managed to determine some causes of the deviation from the straight swimming direction without visual control. The achieved results proved that breathing was an important aspect when doing the crawl having influence on the ability to swim straight: The impact of laterality on the...
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