The EU has been promoting unbundling of the transmission grid from other stages of the electricity supply chain with the aim of fostering competition in the upstream stage of electricity generation. At presence, ownership unbundling is the predominant form of unbundling in Europe. However, the benefits of increased competition from ownership unbundling of the transmission grid may come at the cost of lost vertical synergies between the formerly integrated stages of electricity supply. The policy debate generally neglects such potential costs of unbundling, yet concentrates on its benefits. Therefore European cross-country evidence may shed some light on this issue. This study helps fill this void by empirically estimating the magnitude of economies of vertical integration (EVI) between electricity generation and transmission based on a quadratic cost function. For this purpose we employ novel firm-level panel data of major European electricity utilities. Our results confirm the presence of substantial EVI, which put the policy measure of transmission ownership unbundling into question. (authors' abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

La présente recherche traite des constructions participiales en –ing de l’anglais contemporain. Elle s’appuie sur un corpus de plus de 1700 occurrences de participiales issues de romans et d’articles de journaux, ainsi que sur le British National Corpus et le Corpus of Contemporary American English. Les participiales ont pour caractéristique majeure ne pas expliciter les liens syntaxiques et sémantiques qui les unissent à la proposition dont elles dépendent. Pour expliquer les fondements linguistiques de cette propriété, la recherche établit une typologie détaillée des participiales, étudie les relations qu’elles entretiennent avec leur sujet, ainsi que la nature de l’incidence et de la prédication qui les caractérisent, et détaille les interprétations sémantiques qu’elles peuvent recevoir. Elle montre que la valeur sémantique basique des participiales est la circonstance concomitante, soit un simple lien établi entre deux procès qui forment une unité dans l’esprit de l’énonciateur. Ce sont les traits spécifiques du co- et du contexte qui peuvent modifier cette valeur basique pour déboucher sur l’interprétation finale, adverbiale ou adjectivale, de la participiale. La recherche propose, dans le cadre de la psychosystématique de Gustave Guillaume, des hypothèses susceptibles d’expliquer le comportement syntaxique et sémantique des participiales ; elle montre qu’il est directement lié au sens du participe présent, dont il est postulé que l’incidence est interne et qu’il code la simultanéité et l’imperfectif dans tous ses emplois. / This research deals with –ing participle clauses in contemporary English. It is based on a corpus totalling over 1,700 participle clauses collected from novels and newspaper articles, and it also relies on data from electronic corpora – the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The main characteristic of –ing participle clauses is that they lack an explicit syntactic and semantic link to their superordinate clause: to shed light on the linguistic phenomena accounting for this specificity, the research establishes a detailed typology of –ing clauses, studies their relationship to their subjects, investigates the specific nature of their incidence and predication, and provides a detailed analysis of their semantic indeterminacy. It shows that their basic semantic value is one of attendant circumstance – a mere link between two events or states that form a unit in the speaker’s mind. The characteristics of the co- and context may alter this basic value to give the clause its final (adjectival or adverbial) meaning. The research puts forward hypotheses to account for the syntactic and semantic characteristics of –ing participle clauses within the framework of Gustave Guillaume’s psychosystematic theory: it shows the syntactic and semantic behaviour of –ing clauses can be directly traced back to the meaning of the –ing participle, which, it is hypothesised, has an internal incidence and expresses simultaneity and imperfectivity in all of its uses.

This diploma thesis focuses on identifying the most suitable model of care for em-ployees on parental leave which would bring benefits both to the company and towards employees in European countris. Thesis is built on research within six member countries, Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Finland and Netherlands, and companies on those markets. The main aim is to find a recommendation for employee's care which is based on Scope planning model, along with the cost's analyses of the model. As a recommendation to ease the work-life balance while employee is on parental leave, company can establish its own childcare centre within the company's premises and offer the place for children to its employees. If the situation of such an establishment is not manageable for the company, the model of financial contribution to the private childcare centres can be implemented. In Czech Republic, where the situation is least developed, the most suitable model would be to allow flexible work time schedules become regular, along with the financial contribution to private childcare. Using the case study the benefits were proven. The company would lower its cost for employee and at the same time for stand-in employees the difficult employed people could be hired. The model is of course favourable for the employee on parental leave as well as he/she can come to work earlier and help the family budget. All of the models should be based on internal company's analyses and then customized to company's preferences and conditions to serve the purpose of better care of employees on parental leave. At the same time, national governments should be helpful in the process and lead the progress. The perfect example is the Nordic states where within the labour legislative the work-life balance issues are covered in order to embrace the current trend.

Le droit du travail constitue le siège d’un foisonnement de « périmètres », lesquels n’ont cessé de se multiplier, à tel point que la notion s’est elle-même imposée comme centrale : entreprise, établissement distinct, unité économique et sociale, groupe (dans des acceptions diverses), secteur d’activité, secteur géographique, zone d’emploi, profession, interprofession, etc. L’approche première donne un sentiment d’éclatement, voire de chaos. Jusqu’à présent, ces différents périmètres n’ont donné lieu qu'à des analyses parcellaires, parce que ciblées, la plupart du temps, sur tel ou tel de ces périmètres. Il apparaissait donc nécessaire de les appréhender de façon globale, afin d’en cerner les contours respectifs, les places et les fonctions dans le champ du droit du travail, d’en organiser la confrontation et d’éprouver la nécessité apparente d’un tel pluralisme, tant dans une perspective théorique que technique (et donc pratique). En somme, il s’agissait d’ériger les périmètres du droit du travail en objet de recherche.Dans cette perspective, il convenait, en premier lieu, de caractériser, à la manière d’un tableau d’ensemble, la systémique des périmètres en droit du travail. Comment donc des périmètres ont-ils été institutionnalisés ? Leurs fonctions se confondent-elles ou tendent- elles, au contraire, à les singulariser ? L’analyse permet de convaincre de l’opportunité de regrouper les périmètres en deux catégories, ceux qui se rapportent à une communauté de travail et ceux qui tendent à appréhender un processus décisionnel. Cette systémique des périmètres ne doit pas conduire à occulter la dynamique qui les caractérise. Aussi, cette recherche s’attache-t-elle, en second lieu, à orchestrer la confrontation des périmètres, en identifiant les tensions et interactions auxquelles ceux-ci donnent lieu, mais aussi à repérer leurs transformations – les unes subies, les autres volontaires. Se pose alors la question du rôle que la négociation collective joue – mais aussi peut ou doit jouer – à cet égard / Labor law constitutes the seat of a profusion of "scopes", which have been progressing, such that nowadays the notion became a central part of legal discourse: company, separate establishment, economic and social unit, group (in all meanings of the word), industries, geographic area, employment area, profession, inter-branch organization, etc. The first approach shows an explosion, even chaos. Thus far, these various scopes have involved fragmented analyses, because very often, they focus on a particular scope. Hence, it seemed necessary to grasp the notion of “scope” in a global perspective, in order to identify their borders, their places and their functions in the field of labor law, to organize their confrontation and to test the apparent need of this multitude of scopes, both in a theoretical and technical (even practical) perspective. In other words, set the scopes up as object of research was the aim of this work.In this regard, first of all, it was necessary to describe systemic organization of scopes in labor law, in the style of an overall picture. How were scopes institutionalized? Do their functions become confused or do they, on the contrary, tend to distinguish them? This analysis allows to make convincing the opportunity to group the scopes into two categories: those relating to a working community and those which tend to frame a decision-making process. The scopes systemic organization mustn’t hide the dynamics which characterizes them. Therefore, secondly, this research aims to orchestrate a confrontation of scopes, by identifying tensions and interactions generated by the confrontation, but also to detect their transformations – both undergone and voluntary. Hence, one is made to wonder what role does the collective bargaining plays, can play or must play to this regards

A presente tese propôs-se a examinar a possibilidade de se transportar a teoria instrumentalista ao processo administrativo de apuração de condutas perante o Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência. Foram cotejadas premissas estruturais e de técnicas processuais, de modo a examinar se o processo administrativo de apuração de condutas anticoncorrenciais é hábil para a consecução do escopo magno de pacificação com justiça, valendo-se ainda de técnicas processuais adequadas para o alcance daqueles escopos sociais, políticos e jurídicos estabelecidos como premissa de raciocínio. O trabalho faz uma análise da história do pensamento antitruste estrangeiro e no Brasil para a definição do escopo do direito antitruste no Brasil, expõe o conceito de função administrativa judicante (quase jurisidicional) exercida pelo CADE, concebida a partir da ausência de rigidez da concepção tripartite das funções-poderes-atividades do Estado. Debate-se a natureza do órgão, sua concepção no desenho institucional do Estado e a influência da política e da discricionariedade administrativa sobre a sua atividade. No âmbito dos axiomas processuais, são analisados ao longo do texto os preceitos democráticos, o conceito de processo e sua definição em um modelo processual constitucional. A Teoria Geral do Processo também fornece relevante disciplina metodológica aplicável a todo e qualquer processo, dentre eles, o administrativo-concorrencial, cuja natureza também é examinada. Propôs-se então a análise crítica do processo administrativo concorrencial por meio de seus escopos e respectivas técnicas de atuação, a partir da estrutura fornecida pelo pensamento instrumentalista do processo de Dinamarco. O escopo social é examinado à luz das técnicas relacionadas com a imunização, a idoneidade estrutural, a imparcialidade (sob a ótica do princípio da demanda, do princípio dispositivo, do exame da nomeação, mandato e quarentena dos julgadores) e a finalidade educativa. Os escopos políticos são cotejados com as concepções de poder e liberdade (constitucionalização e devido processo legal), participação democrática (como acesso à ordem jurídica justa de representantes, terceiros interessados), direito à informação e publicidade de atos. Por fim, o escopo jurídico do processo é examinado sob a ótica da atuação prática da vontade jurídica preexistente mediante técnicas incidentes sobre os temas do conflito entre correntes unitárias e dualistas do direito, da busca da verdade possível e sua relação com o ideal de pacificação trazido com a solução definitiva e célere de controvérsias por técnicas de imutabilidade e de aceleração de julgamentos, da segurança jurídica outorgada pelas formas, do direito à prova e os meios inerentes ao seu exercício, do duplo grau e da uniformização de decisões. Conclui-se pela identificação de pontos sensíveis em que o processo administrativo não atinge satisfatoriamente os escopos do processo, mas que o sistema caminha em direção da legitimação de sua atividade. / The present thesis proposes to examine the hypothesis of carrying the instrumentalist theory to the antitrust proceedings before the Brazilian Competition Policy System (SBDC). Structural and procedural technique assumptions were collated in order to examine whether the antitrust proceedings is able to achieve the grand purpose of pacification with justice, availing itself of appropriate procedural techniques to reach those social, political and legal scopes established as premise of reasoning thinking. Throughout the present thesis, the history of the foreign and Brazilian antitrust thought is analyzed to define the scope of the antitrust law in Brazil, and it exams the concept of administrative adjudicate function (almost jurisdictional) exerted by the Brazilian Council for Economic Defense (CADE), conceived from the absence of formality of the tripartite conception of the function-power-activities of the State. The agency nature, its conception in the institutional design of the State and the influence of the politics and the administrative discretionarity on its activity is discussed. In the scope of the procedural axioms, the democratic principles, the concept of process and its definition in a constitutional procedural model are analyzed throughout the text. The General Theory of the Process also supplies relevant methodological disciplines applicable to all and any procedure, amongst them, the administrative-antitrust procedure, whose nature is also examined. Moreover, a critical analysis of the process by means of its scope and by its respective techniques of performance is proposed, from the structure provided by the instrumentalist thought of the process by Professor Candido Rangel Dinamarco. The social scope is examined in the light of the techniques related with the immunization, the structural suitability, the impartiality (considering the principle of the action, the dispositive principle, the examination of the appointment, term and quarantine of the Commissioners) and the educational purpose. The political scopes are discussed taking into account the conceptions of power and freedom (constitutionality and due process of law), democratic participation (as access of interested parties and third parties to the legal system), right to information and publicity of acts. Finally, the legal scope of the process is examined from the perspective of the practical performance of the preexisting law by means of techniques incident on the subjects of the conflict between Unitarian and Dualist doctrines, the pursue of the possible truth and its relation with the ideal of pacification brought with the definitive and fast solution of controversies by techniques of immutability and acceleration of judgments, of legal certainty afforded by the forms, of the right of production of evidence and those inherent instruments, of the right of appeal to a hierarchically superior body and the predictability of decisions. In conclusion, sensitive points are identified where the administrative procedures do not satisfactorily achieve the scope of process, but where the system moves toward the legitimization of its activity.

A indústria do turismo é um dos setores da economia que mais tem crescido nos últimos anos movimentando mais de quatrocentos bilhões de dólares em todo o mundo, valor este que segundo a OMT – Organização Mundial de Turismo, passará a dois trilhões de dólares no ano de 2020. Para os países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, o turismo possibilita a expectativa de uma efetiva contribuição para o desenvolvimento econômico.Os parques de diversões podem atuar nesse sentido tanto como atração principal, tornando-se local de destino, quanto como incremento da oferta de entretenimento em destinações turísticas. No entanto, a simples transposição do modelo americano para o Brasil, não é garantia de sucesso. Pelo contrário, os parques nacionais embora inspirados no modelo americano devem estar voltados para as expectativas, hábitos e tradições do povo brasileiro. Para que isso ocorra o produto deve ser formatado adequadamente. Como a disciplina gerenciamento de projetos vem se tornando cada vez mais difundida no mundo, inclusive no Brasil, este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar técnicas e processos de gerenciamento de projeto que estejam voltadas para a formatação do produto, como uma forma de contribuir para uma formatação adequada do produto parques de diversões. / The tourism is one of the sectors of economy which more has grown in the last few years , with figures of over four hundred billion worldwide. This amount according to WTO – World Tourism Organization will raise to two trillion dollars in the year 2020. To developing countries, like Brazil, tourism makes the expectation of effective contribution to economic development real. Amusement parks may act this way either as main atraction, becoming the destination, or as an increasing in the offer of entertainment in touristic places. However, the simple use of the american model to Brazil, isn´t guarantee of success. On the contrary, National amusement parks although inspired in american models must be focused on brazilian expectations, habits and traditions. In order to it occur, the product must be properly formatted. As the subject business management has become so known throughout the world, including Brazil, the objective of this paper is to study techniques and processes of management which are focused on the product organization as a way of contributing to an adequate product formatation.

O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é a abrangência subjetiva da cláusula compromissória, especificamente daquela celebrada por sociedades pertencentes a grupos societários. O problema, ainda novo no Brasil devido ao desenvolvimento recente da arbitragem em nosso país, já foi objeto de muito debate na Europa e nos Estados Unidos, onde a arbitragem é usada há muitos anos como método alternativo de resolução de conflitos. No âmbito da arbitragem comercial internacional, consolidou-se, tanto na jurisprudência como na doutrina, a teoria da unidade econômica dos grupos societários. Ela reconhece a especificidade do problema que a presença de agrupamentos de sociedades suscita na arbitragem, devido, essencialmente, à dupla realidade que eles representam unidade diretiva e econômica e diversidade jurídica. Nesta dissertação, procuramos expor as bases sobre as quais essa teoria, consolidada na prática comercial internacional, se assenta. Se no Brasil o tema não foi suficientemente discutido, podemos aprender as lições daqueles que não só já debateram exaustivamente a questão como, também, parecem já ter encontrado uma solução, ainda que ela não seja indene de críticas e ainda mereça ser aperfeiçoada. De início, tentamos conceituar e caracterizar os grupos societários. Em seguida, fizemos um apanhado de casos emblemáticos da jurisprudência arbitral e estatal, de diversos países, que recorreram à teoria da unidade econômica do grupo. Nosso intuito foi verificar a solução conferida ao problema por aqueles que se depararam com ele no caso concreto. Depois, procuramos expor a visão da doutrina sobre a teoria da unidade econômica do grupo, para podermos concluir onde reside o problema central da questão. Ao fim, discutimos o possível obstáculo, apontado por alguns autores, à aplicação da teoria no Direito brasileiro. / The purpose of this paper is to discuss who are the parties to the arbitration agreement, especially regarding the convention executed by companies that form part of a group. The issue, still topical in Brazil due to the recent development of the arbitration in our country, has already been subject to much debate in Europe and in the United States, where arbitration has been used for years as an alternative dispute resolution method. In international arbitration, the group of companies theory has been restated, both within the legal authorities and in case law. Such theory acknowledges the specificity of the issue raised by the presence of groups of companies in arbitration, especially due to their dual characteristics managerial and economical unit and legal diversity. In this paper, we have sought to settle the basis over which such theory, already settled in the international commercial arbitration practice, is construed. Since in Brazil the subject hás been scarcely discussed, we may learn lessons from those who have not only exhaustively debated it but who also seem to have found a way to solve it, even if it is not immune to criticism and still ought to be improved. We have initially tried to clarify the notion and the characteristics of the groups of companies. We have subsequently gathered a number of illustrative arbitral and state case law, from different countries, which have made use of the group of companies theory. Our aim was to verify the solution given to the issue by those who have actually been faced with the problem. Then, we have tried to present the legal authoritys view on the group of companies theory in order to conclude where the issue is in fact centered. In the end, we have discussed a possible obstacle, which certain authors have raised, as to the application of the theory in the Brazilian Law.

No Brasil, a inserção do projeto para produção de vedações verticais e revestimentos de fachada nas empresas de construção civil gerou métodos de trabalho com melhorias significativas no desenvolvimento e na racionalização dos processos de construção civil. Essas melhorias influenciaram tanto o desempenho quanto as vantagens competitivas para as empresas contratantes. Os projetos para produção, além de oferecer excelentes informações para a tomada de decisões táticas e estratégicas para gerentes e coordenadores de projeto, geram também dados importantes para a equipe de produção, tornando-se uma ferramenta essencial para assegurar a compatibilidade e racionalização construtivas. Alguns pesquisadores têm demonstrado a importância dos projetos para a produção na indústria da construção civil ao propor diretrizes de projeto ou diretrizes técnicas para que esses projetos sejam desenvolvidos. No entanto, nenhum trabalho abordou o escopo essencial que esses projetos devam possuir, nem tampouco em que fase de desenvolvimento cada atividade deve ser elaborada. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo elaborar uma proposição de escopos de projetos para produção de vedações verticais e revestimentos de fachada e analisar criticamente as mudanças introduzidas nas práticas do planejamento do processo do projeto de cada empresa participante da pesquisa, de maneira a proporcionar referências e documentações que norteiem tanto a que tecnologia construtiva quanto processo de projeto e o planejamento do mesmo na construção civil brasileira. / In Brazil, the incorporation of design for the production of partition walls and facade coverings into construction companies has generated working methods with significant improvements in the construction development and rationalization processes. These improvements affected both the performance and the competitive advantages for companies contractor. The design for production, besides offering excellent information support to enable the design managers to make strategic decisions, also generates important data for the production team, becoming an essential tool for achieving compatibility and rationalization in construction. Some researchers have demonstrated the relevance of production design in the construction industry; however, the content of those designs did not received sufficient attention from academics and professionals. This research aims to describe the elaboration scopes process of the production of partition walls and facade coverings and analyzing the changes made in the practices of the design process of each participating company, from manuals scopes of projects developed in attempt to provide references and documentation that directs the construction technology, the design process and also the planning of it in the Brazilian civil construction.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-09-11T17:39:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Adan_Martens2018.pdf: 1533576 bytes, checksum: 0391ee72495c65dab716032badd11b0c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T17:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Adan_Martens2018.pdf: 1533576 bytes, checksum: 0391ee72495c65dab716032badd11b0c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Over the last two decades, the debate on Mathematical Modeling in Mathematical Education has advanced. It can be noticed from: the growing number of research reports through papers submitted in journals; the specific Modeling events, which has brought together a large number of researchers teachers, and students; in Brazil, the line modeling research in education and its dissemination through continuing education courses, postgraduate courses and the inclusion of Modeling disciplines in the curriculum of undergraduate courses. All this together, certifies this advance and strengthening of this trend in Mathematics Education. However, regarding classroom, the adoption of Modeling by teachers has not followed this movement. This initial concern was turned into a yearning to understand the phenomenon - teacher training in Modeling in the context of research - we assume a phenomenological research attitude, in which we seek to go back to the things themselves, to see what is not immediately visible of the phenomenon investigated, without preconceptions and previous theoretical conceptions. Based on the question, " According to the participating teachers, What is shown by the continuous training in Modeling developed in the scope of research,?" We proceeded with the collection of statements, being significant subjects of this research, seven teachers of Mathematics of Basic Education who experienced the phenomenon investigated. In order to optimize the analysis process, we rely on Atlas.ti software. The statements were transformed into written texts and inserted into this analysis tool. In order to find a sense, we proceeded with repeated readings having as the north the question of research assumed. From this process, one hundred and seven units of meaning were highlighted. Continuing the process of reduction, articulating convergences between units, we established five categories expressed as: 1) "C1 - Duration, context of formation and school"; 2) "C2 - Training and practice of Modeling" 3) "C3 - Training comprehension"; 4) "C4 - Teacher's Contact with Modeling"; 5) "C5 - On the role of the trainer in formation" who have been described and interpreted. After the hermeneutic analysis seeking to transcend what is described in the categories, among other things, it is shown that the training offered in the context of research, which is done by leading experts, researchers in the field, seems to have the same impact as other short courses. It reveals the need for formations be broader in order to overcome teachers' misunderstandings about Modeling and, in addition, be planned beyond research. It also discloses that approaches need to be rethought in order to enable teachers to build an autonomous posture and manner of working with Modeling in the classroom. It is pointed out to the need for the creation of permanent models of Modeling that allows an approximation between the researchers in the Modeling and the teachers of Basic Education. / Nas últimas duas décadas, tem avançado o debate sobre Modelagem Matemática na Educação Matemática. O crescente número de divulgações de pesquisas por meio de papers submetidos em periódicos, os eventos específicos de Modelagem, que tem reunido grande número de pesquisadores, professores e estudantes, a linha de pesquisa de Modelagem no ensino brasileiro, a sua disseminação por meio de cursos de formação continuada, cursos de pós-graduação e a inclusão de disciplinas de Modelagem na grade curricular dos cursos de graduação certifica esse avanço e o fortalecimento dessa tendência na Educação Matemática. No entanto, no âmbito da sala de aula, a adoção da Modelagem pelos professores não tem acompanhado esse movimento. Diante dessa inquietação inicial, buscamos compreender o fenômeno – formação de professores em Modelagem em contexto de pesquisa – assumimos uma postura fenomenológica de investigação, em que se busca ir-às-coisas-mesmas, ver o que não está visível imediatamente do fenômeno investigado, sem pré-conceitos e concepções teóricas prévias. Norteados pela interrogação de pesquisa: “O que se mostra da formação continuada em Modelagem desenvolvida no âmbito de pesquisas, segundo os professores participantes?”, procedemos com a coleta de depoimento, sendo sujeitos significativos dessa pesquisa, sete professores de Matemática da Educação Básica que vivenciaram o fenômeno investigado. Visando otimizar o processo de análise, contamos com o auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Os depoimentos foram transformados em textos escritos e inseridos nessa ferramenta de análise, em seguida, procedemos com repetidas leituras a fim de encontrar um sentido do dito, tendo como norte a interrogação de pesquisa assumida. Desse processo foram destacadas cento e sete unidades de significado. Prosseguindo o processo de redução, articulando convergências entre as unidades, estabelecemos cinco categorias, expressas como: 1) “C1 - Duração, contexto da formação e a escola”; 2) “C2 - A formação continuada e a prática de Modelagem” 3) “C3 - Compreensões sobre a formação”; 4) “C4 - Contato do professor com a Modelagem”; 5) “C5 - Sobre o papel do formador na formação continuada” que foram descritas e interpretadas. Após a análise hermenêutica buscando transcender o descrito nas categorias, dentre outras coisas, mostra-se que a formação oferecida em contexto de pesquisa, que é feita pelos principais especialistas, os pesquisadores da área, parece ter o mesmo impacto que outras formações de curta duração. Revela sobre a necessidade de as formações serem mais amplas a fim de superar as incompreensões dos professores sobre a Modelagem e, além disso, serem planejadas para além de pesquisas. Ainda, que as abordagens precisam ser repensadas a fim de possibilitar aos professores construírem uma postura autônoma e desenvolverem a Modelagem em sala de aula por conta própria. É apontado viii para a necessidade da criação de coletivos permanentes de Modelagem que propiciem uma aproximação entre os pesquisadores em Modelagem e os professores da Educação Básica.

The aim of this study is to investigate and understand how social workers in social services work with abused women in intimate partner relationships in order to accommodate housing and how they are limited in their efforts to arrange accommodation for these women. The study is conducted through semistructured interviews and I have interviewed six social workers which belongs to four equal municipalities around middle Sweden. Each social worker work with abused women but it may differ in how they work with these women depending on the organization structure. Interest has been in describing restrictions and contradictions that the social workers encounter when providing accommodation to abused women in intimate partner relationships. The result was analyzed on the basis of previous research, Michael Lipsky ́s and Johansson Roine ́s theory of street-level bureaucrats and Svensson, Johnsson & Laanemets concept of discretion. The result shows that the social workers' scope of action is limited by various factors, for instance the organizational limitations, laws and housing shortages.