This thesis aims at describing how the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is reflected in the overall operation of the Non-Governmental Organizations and government agencies working with children in street situations in Bangkok, Thailand. It describes children in different street situations in Bangkok; intervention approaches and working methods of the agencies that provide the services for them as well as similarities and differences in each group of the children. As the CRC sets a framework for interventions concerning children, it was interesting to explore whether the practitioners in Bangkok apply the convention in their interventions. This is a descriptive research applying the qualitative data collection methods by which literature review was conducted and semi-structure interviews were carried out according to a written interview guide with professionals represented NGOs and government agencies who directly work with children in street situations, followed by a deductive content analysis of the transcribed interview texts. The field observations were conducted in different areas of Bangkok in order to understand the working environments of the organizations and the conditions of the children. The findings revealfour groups of children in street situations in Bangkok with one being migrants. Their dwelling areas are determined by its socio-economic activities while the livelihoods of each group of children are different. In order to respond to their situations and promote as well as protect their rights, the NGOs and government agencies coordinate in a Network for Street Children in responding to their situations through a Street Teacher Approach. They conduct street/community outreach and responsive actions aiming at protecting, advocating for rights to education, eliminating child labor exploitation, being their significant other,facilitating durable repatriation for migrant children in street situations etc. The rights concept is universal but the childhood concept is culturally relative. The actors in Bangkok bridge the two concepts by taking the situation and the best interest of the child into consideration: they prioritize the child’s well-being which entails rights protection and promotion.

The international maritime industry is growing fast due to an increasing number of transportations over sea. In pace with this development, the maritime surveillance capacity must be expanded as well, in order to be able to handle the increasing numbers of hazardous cargo transports, attacks, piracy etc. In order to detect such events, anomaly detection methods and techniques can be used. Moreover, since surveillance systems process huge amounts of sensor data, anomaly detection techniques can be used to filter out or highlight interesting objects or situations to an operator. Making decisions upon large amounts of sensor data can be a challenging and demanding activity for the operator, not only due to the quantity of the data, but factors such as time pressure, high stress and uncertain information further aggravate the task. Bayesian networks can be used in order to detect anomalies in data and have, in contrast to many other opaque machine learning techniques, some important advantages. One of these advantages is the fact that it is possible for a user to understand and interpret the model, due to its graphical nature. This thesis aims to investigate how the output from a Bayesian network can be explained to a user by first reviewing and presenting which methods exist and second, by making experiments. The experiments aim to investigate if two explanation methods can be used in order to give an explanation to the inferences made by a Bayesian network in order to support the operator’s situation awareness and decision making process when deployed in an anomaly detection problem in the maritime domain.

La presente tesis, tiene por objetivo identificar en qué medida la tasación por componetización de activos fijos, contribuye a mejorar la competitividad de las acciones, de una empresa, para licitar en la bolsa. El presente trabajo de investigación constituye una guía práctica aplicada sobre el cumplimiento y tratamiento relacionado a la componetización de activos, así como también de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera, en el marco de adopción por primera vez de las NIIF y su competitividad en la bolsa de valores para la empresa ABC. La NIC 16 Propiedad, Planta y Equipo, establece el tratamiento contable de los bienes que califican como activo fijo, siendo un tema de gran importancia la componetización de activos que prescribe el tratamiento de los activos fijos por componentes, significando así un periodo de depreciación distinto para cada componente significativo. Los resultados, nos indican que los componentes significativos de los activos deben identificarse por separado y amortizarse a su valor residual a lo largo de su vida útil. La conclusión a la que se llega es que la evaluación de la vida media útil del activo fijo, en la tasación por componetización de activos fijos, contribuye a mejorar la competitividad de las acciones, para licitar en la bolsa de valores de New York. La recomendación que se hace en esta tesis, es que una entidad debe asignar costos en el momento de la contabilización inicial a sus componentes significativos. Cada componente se amortiza por separado a lo largo de su vida útil. This thesis aims to identify the extent componetización pricing for fixed assets, helping to improve the competitiveness of the shares of a company, to bid on the bag. This research provides practical guidance on compliance and applied related to asset componetización treatment, as well as the International Financial Reporting Standards, in the context of first-time adoption of IFRS and their competitiveness in the bag value for the company ABC. IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment establishes the accounting treatment of goods that qualify as fixed assets, it remains an issue of great importance componetización assets prescribed treatment fixed assets by components, meaning a different depreciation period for each significant component. The results indicate that significant components of assets should be separately identified and depreciated to their residual value over its useful life. The conclusion reached is that the evaluation of the average useful life of the asset, the valuation of fixed assets by componetización helps to improve the competitiveness of the actions, to bid on the stock exchange in New York. The recommendation made in this thesis is that an entity should allocate costs at the time of initial posting their significant components. Each component is depreciated separately over its useful life.

This study focuses on cell phone usage. By comparing how a group of students use their cell phones in Sweden with that in China, alterant cell phone usage behaviors will be concluded. The study includes a case study. In order to do the research, the author selects a specific group and holds interviews. Three theories are used in this thesis which are: 1) mobile context, 2) switching behavior of mobile users and 3) transaction utility and reference situation. After introducing these three theories, the author concludes six theoretical factors which are combined into one competent framework. Base on the new framework, the author analyzes the result from the case study. After presenting the interview and the results, the author finds that Chinese students use their cell phones less frequent in Sweden compared to that in China. In order to find out the reasons, the author creates goal, emotion, fee, location and habit as the five matching factors which result in those changes. The matching factors are the bridge between the theories and the case study. After generalizing how those factors affect people while using cell phones, future work is to raise up some thoughts of how cell phones will be like in the future which is relevant to how to adapt information technology to human lives.

Le registre du commerce présente le double aspect d'institution civile et d'institution de police. L'intérêt privé des tiers et l'intérêt public de l’État sont simultanément présents et protégés. Mais, on peut se demander si les rédacteurs de la loi relative au registre du commerce n'ont pas créé une situation délicate en ne tenant pas en compte suffisamment le souci de la sécurité juridique. La réponse à cette question est tributaire de l’étude des effets juridiques attachés à l'immatriculation. On envisage une étude comparative du droit tunisien et du droit français à travers laquelle on a pu constater qu'une définition de l'immatriculation par l'effet constitutif n'est pas apte à appréhender cette institution dans son ensemble. Il s’agit d’une notion ambivalente. Elle est ambivalente quant à son rôle à cause de l'hétérogénéité de son effet constitutif et de la diversité de ses effets. Elle est aussi ambivalente quant à sa finalité puisque le souci de la protection individuelle des tiers ne constitue pas son objectif prioritaire. D'abord, une certaine existence juridique est reconnue à la société avant son immatriculation. Il existe même une notion particulière de personnalité morale, dite à la fois judiciaire et processuelle, forgée par le juge civil pour les besoins du procès et en dehors de toute formalité d'immatriculation. Ensuite, le contrôle auquel est soumise l'immatriculation demeure un contrôle formel ; il n'empêche pas l'annulation de la société immatriculée. Enfin, l'immatriculation ne purge pas les irrégularités de la situation extériorisée aux tiers, elle crée désormais, une situation appareille. A travers la technique de la présomption et celle de l'opposabilité mises en œuvre par l'immatriculation, le législateur prend la défense de l'apparence sur la réalité. Il admet aussi la qualification de fait d'une situation non immatriculée. Cependant, les règles régissant l'immatriculation et le défaut d'immatriculation paraissent être insuffisantes. D'une part, elles ne peuvent régler tous les litiges, d'où l'intérêt du recours à la théorie d'apparence afin d'assurer aux tiers de bonne foi une sécurité absolue, D'autre part, la prise en considération de la situation de fait s'avère inutile puisqu'on a noté une assimilation quasi-complète entre le commerçant non immatriculé et celui immatriculé. Le contraste est saisissant avec la notion de société de fait puisque c'est le législateur qui accepte de l'assimiler à la société de droit. Pour faire face au risque de perturber l'ordre juridique engendré par cette assimilation, le législateur a favorisé la régularisation de la situation à travers l'injonction d'immatriculation et l'immatriculation d'office. Puisque ces mesures sont réservées aux seules personnes physiques, se pose alors avec acquitté la question de les généraliser pour intéresser même les sociétés non immatriculées. / The register of commerce entails a dual aspect of both a civil institution and of an administrative police. The private interest of the third party as well as the public interest of the State are simultaneously present and safeguarded. Nevertheless, one might ask if the drafters of the law pertaining to the register of commerce have set up a critical situation by not taking into account sufficient concern for the legal security. The answer to this question depends on the study of the legal effects linked to registration. The target of this paper is to provide a comparative study of the Tunisian law and French law whereby it has been found that a definition of the registration by its constituent effect is not able to tackle this institution as a whole. It is about an ambivalent registration concept. It is ambivalent as to its role because of the heterogeneity of its constituent effects and the diversity of these effects. It is also ambivalent as to its purpose, since protecting the third party is not its priority. First, a certain legal existence is admitted to the company before its registration. There exists even a particular notion of the artificial entity of the company which is considered both procedural and legal, advocated by the judge in order to satisfy the needs of the case far away from the registration formalities. Moreover, the control that registration is subject to prove to be a very formal one i.e. it does not prevent the dissolution of the registered company. Finally, registration does not purify the anomalies of the situation that a third party may face as it creates as such an apparent situation. Through the presumption technique as well as the opposability implemented by registration, the legislator is much more defending the appearance than the reality. The legislator also acknowledges a qualification of a non­registered situation. However, registration rules as well as its defects turn to be insufficient. On the one hand, it does not solve all lawsuits, which makes the theory of appearance the best guarantee of an absolute security for third parties. On the other hand, taking into account a de facto situation turns to be useless as we have noticed a quasi-complete assimilation between a registered trader and a non-registered one. The contrast is striking with the notion of the de facto situation since the legislator has accepted to treat it in the same way as a registered company. In order to avoid the disturbance of legal order caused by this simulation, the legislator opted for a peaceful settlement of the conflicting situation through either a judge or a court order for registration. Since these measures are the prerogatives of a physical person, the question to tackle is to what extent these measures can be extended to suit the interests of the non-registered companies.

This thesis aims to investigate how a shift of the context in which artwork is presented necessitates ashift in curatorial approach. The discussion considers the overlapping categories of public andprivate in the spaces in which art is presented and encountered within the public sphere.By critically engaging with public sphere discourse, I construct a theoretical perspective rooted inChantal Mouffe's concept of agonistic space. I advocate an adaptive curatorial approach whichregards potential audiences as plural and fragmented. This perspective is then used as a lens throughwhich to analyse the curatorial strategies operative within three case studies of exhibition projectsfrom the artistic practice of Johanna Gustafsson Fürst, and to reflect on the future potential foragonistic curatorial approaches.

The purpose of this study was to understand, by means of Connell’s and Hirdman’s gender theories, whether the older persons’ gender as well as the family situation affect the assessments in elderly care. Previous studies show that social workers do not consciously take gender into consideration, while also showing that gender is important for the assessment and decision. Based on the purpose, we asked the questions how are the assessments of care managers affected by the gender of older persons and in what way are the assessments of care managers affected by older persons family situation? This study was based on eight interviews with care managers in eldery care. The result was divided into the following two main themes assistance management and the older person. Connell’s and Hirdman’s gender theories helped us answer our main questions and analyze our result. The result showed that the unaware subconscious ideas of male and female, older persons’ perceptions of male and female as well as the elderly’s division of different chores in the household are affecting the care managers’ needs assessments in such a way that men and women are granted and apply for different assistance. Depending on who needs help in a couple, if the older person lives alone or with someone as well as other families’ perceptions of what the husband and wife are capable of doing affects the needs assessments of care managers.

Bakgrunden till denna studie bygger på ett tidigare projekt som genomfördes 2011, då en installation bestående av två interaktiva träd uppfördes på Barn- och ungdomssjukhuset (BUS) i Lund. Träden blev ett verktyg, en lösning, för att synliggöra och visualisera personliga berättelser mellan människor och används idag frekvent av anhöriga och besökare. Denna studie ämnade undersöka hur anhörigas och besökares behov av att kommunicera och visualisera sina tankar och berättelser kan tillfredsställas på bästa sätt, både analogt och digitalt.Tidigare forskning om visuella verktygslådor, kommunikation och interaktion online, attityder kring datateknologier och självutlämnande berättelser samt om informationsutbyte och anonymitet valdes ut. Tre huvudsakliga för studien intressanta teoriområden studerades; användarupplevelse, kognitiv absorbering och visualisering. De metoder som användes för datainsamlingen inom studien var förberedande fokuspunkter, fältanteckningar, iakttagelse av rörelser i miljön, samt två steg av kontextuella undersökningar, varav det första steget kompletterades med en egenutformad visuell kortmetod. Stor etisk hänsyn har tagits genom hela studien för att respektera den svåra situation som många av de anhöriga och besökare som befinner sig på BUS i Lund.Resultatet bekräftar att det finns ett starkt behov av att dela med sig och ta del av andras tankar och berättelser på BUS i Lund, men även att behoven skiljer sig mycket och kräver olika lösningar. Somliga respondenter vill ha en lösning där man kan söka upp, skapa kontakt och upprätta relationer med människor i liknande situation och som är nåbar överallt ifrån. Majoriteten av respondenterna vittnar även om ett stort behov av en platsbaserad lösning, vilken ses som en viktig aktivitet och upplevelse, där visualisering av ord och bild blir till en interaktiv utställning där anhöriga, besökare, men även patienter, kan delta. / This study is based on a previous project, carried out in 2011, when two interactive trees were put up at the Children’s hospital (BUS) in Lund. The trees became a solution for people to visualize their personal stories, and they are still used frequently today by relatives and visitors. This study intended to examine how to best support the needs of relatives and visitors for sharing and visualizing their thoughts and stories, for both analog and digital solutions.Previous research was studied, about visual tool boxes, communication and interaction online, attitudes towards computer technologies and self-revealing stories, as well as about information exchange, and anonymity. Three main research theory areas were reviewed; user experience, cognitive absorption and visualization. The methods used for data collection were exploratory focus points, field notes, and observation of the movements in the environment, as well as two stages of contextual studies, of which the first was complemented by a self-designed visual card method. Considerable ethical consideration was observed throughout the study, as a mark of respect for the difficult situation that many of the relatives and visitors find themselves in.The results confirm that there is a great need to share and learn from others' thoughts and stories at BUS in Lund, but also that needs vary greatly and require different solutions. Some respondents want a solution where you can look up, create contact and establish relationships with people in similar situations. They want a solution that is reachable from everywhere. The majority of respondents also indicate a need for a solution with a physical location, which is seen as an important activity and experience, where the visualization of words and images becomes an interactive exhibition in which relatives and visitors, but also patients can participate.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur äldre erfar att livssituationen förändrats när de inte har haft stöd från hemtjänst till att beviljas insatser från hemtjänst. För att undersöka detta genomfördes halvstrukturerade intervjuer på en dagverksamhet med fem äldre personer som har hemtjänst. För att analysera materialet användes innehållsanalys, och teman användes för att kategorisera insamlade data. Dessa teman var livet innan hemtjänst, hälsa, livet efter hemtjänst och känslor kring livsförändring. För att tolka resultatet användes begreppen status passage, divestment passage och coping. Resultatet visar att förändringen av livssituationen börjar med att den fysiska förmågan försämras, antingen med ökande ålder eller genom sjukdom och skador. I och med försämrad fysisk förmåga blir de äldre beroende av stöd från hemtjänst i vardagen, och vardagslivet blir då styrt av hemtjänstens tider och rutiner. Denna förändring som vi har analyserat med hjälp av passage begreppen upplevs av några som negativ, medan den även i ett fall beskrivs som en i övergående positiv erfarenhet. Den sistnämnda erfarenheten föreslår vi ska benämnas som investment passage. För att hantera dessa förändringar av livssituationen används olika strategier, framförallt känslomässiga sådana. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how the elderly experience life changes when they have not received support from formal home care to receive home care services. To investigate this, half-structured interviews were conducted on a day-care facility, with five elderly people who receive formal home care service. In order to analyze the material, content analysis was used, and themes were used to categorize the collected data. These themes were life before home care, health, life after home care and feelings about life change. To interpret the result, the terms status passage, divestment passage and coping was used. The result shows that the change of life situation begins with the physical ability deteriorating, either with increasing age or through illness and injury. With the deterioration of physical ability, the elderly are dependent on home care services in their daily lives, and life is then controlled by the times and routines of the home care service. This change that we have analyzed using passage terms, some experience in a negative way while in one case it is described as a positive experience. We suggest that this positive experience should be called investment passage. To handle these changes of life situation different strategies are used, especially emotional ones.

Living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects physical, psychological and social dimensions, limiting the ability to engage in daily activities. Persons with IBD may need frequent and lifelong contacts with the healthcare (HC), highlighting the importance of quality care. High quality HC for persons with IBD involves a partnership between the HC professionals and the person living with the disease. Information is essential, the more a person knows about their disease, the more concordant and satisfied with their treatment they are likely to be. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the knowledge need, life situation and perception of HC among persons living with IBD, in order to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of HC. This thesis is based on three studies that are presented in four papers. Qualitative methods were used to describe aspects of life situation in relation to the disease, whereas quantitative method was used to develop a questionnaire measuring quality of care. Study I and II have an inductive qualitative design. In study I, qualitative interviews with 30 people were performed to describe the knowledge need and experience of critical incidents in daily life while living with IBD. The interviews in study I were analyzed using content analysis (results presented in Paper I) and critical incident technique (results presented in Paper II). In study II, the perceptions of HC among persons living with IBD was explored in five focus group interviews and two individual interviews, in total n=26. Study III aimed to develop and evaluate a questionnaire, measuring quality of care among persons with IBD, including 318 persons with IBD and 8 professionals. The knowledge need among persons with IBD focused on managing symptoms and course of the disease and learning to assimilate the information in order to manage everyday life. Losing bowel control was of great concern for most of the informants in the study. Many of the informants said that “the bowel ruled their life” and that it influenced them to a great extent in their daily lives. The perception of HC among persons with IBD meant being met with respect and mutual trust, receiving information at the right time, shared decision-making, competence and communication, access to care, accommodation, continuity of care and the pros and cons of specialized care. The quality of care questionnaire QoC-IBD was constructed in five dimensions, building on the results from Study I and II. The dimensions were trust and respect, decision-making, information, continuity of care and access to care consisting of 21 questions in total. QoC-IBD is a short, self-administrated questionnaire that measures experiences of healthcare among persons with IBD with promising validity and reliability. To improve quality of care, HC is recommended to consider individual care needs and take the person’s daily life and social context into account. The QoC-IBD questionnaire measures the subjective experience of quality of care. Further testing in clinical practice is necessary to evaluate if QoC-IBD can be used to evaluate the care given and areas of improvement in HC for persons living with IBD.