La décentralisation des compétences en matière d’aide sociale depuis trois décennies maintenant aboutit-elle à une inégalité de traitement de ses bénéficiaires, accentuée par un phénomène de territorialisation du droit? Pourtant, la France, État unitaire, dont l’organisation est décentralisée, reste le pays des droits de l’Homme dont la devise Républicaine donne une place centrale à l’égalité en l’encadrant des mots liberté et fraternité. S’il est vrai que le pouvoir normatif de l’État central est toujours d’actualité puisqu’il fixe les règles concernant les prestations d’aide sociale légale, il n’en n’est pas moins vrai que les collectivités territoriales disposent également d’un pouvoir d’appréciation non négligeable quant aux conditions d’attribution des aides et de mise en œuvre des actions dans le domaine social. À telle enseigne, que l’on pourrait croire que l’État en se retirant progressivement du domaine de l’aide sociale dans lequel, d’ailleurs, il ne dispose plus que de compétences résiduelles, a peut-être perdu une partie de ses pouvoirs réels. Le grand gardien de la cause de l’égalité qu’est le Conseil Constitutionnel invoque la possibilité de créer des inégalités de traitement. Sommes-nous en train d’évoluer vers une autre forme d’État ? Ou alors faut-il reconnaitre que pour mieux répondre aux besoins sociaux, il faut admettre un traitement différencié des situations à l’instar de tout système de discrimination positive. / The processing’s inequality of social security benefit’s recipients according to their place of residence. Does the decentralization of skills regarding social security benefit, for three decades now, ends to a processing’s inequality of beneficiairies stressed by a territorialisation’s phenomenon of the law? Nevertheless, France, unitarian State, which organization is decentralized, remains the country of the human rights which republican slogan gives a central place to equality with the words of freedom and brotherhood. If it is true that the normative power of the central State is still the actuality by fixing rules concerning the services of social security, it is not less true that regions with a measure of autonomy also have a power of appreciation for the conditions of social security’s allocation and implementation of these actions. In such case, we could believe that the State by withdrawing gradually from the social assistance’s domain, in which he no longer had residual skills, maybe lost a part of its real powers. The “big guardian” of the equality’s cause, the Constitutional Council, refers to the possibility of creating processing inequalities. Are we developing to another shape of State? Or is it necessary to recognize that to answer to the social needs, we have to admit a differentiated processing by the situations following the example of any system of positive discrimination.

The aim of this study was to explore job-coaches and work consultant’s discretion in work with activation of social assistance recipients. Semistructured interviews have been conducted with 4 job-coaches and 4 work consultants within 2 different municipalities. The interviews have been analyzed using Lipsky's theory on street-level bureaucracy and new institutional organization theory. The results of the study showed that job-coaches and work consultant’s report having a large discretion in the work with activation. Further results show that their experienced discretion in their work is not assessed as being affected by the level of education and age but that the work experience is seen essential. On an organizational level a large supply of activation measures and routines giving support was viewed as important. On a political level political priorities was viewed as an important aspect in regards to the discretion. / Syftet med den föreliggande studien har varit att undersöka jobbcoachers och arbetskonsulenters handlingsutrymme i aktiveringsarbetet med socialbidragsklienter. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med 8 jobbcoacher och arbetskonsulenter i två kommuner. Intervjumaterialet har analyserats med hjälp av Lipsky´s teori om fornlinjebyråkrati och nyinstitutionell organisationsteori.  Studiens resultat visade att jobbcoacher och arbetskonsulenter upplever en stor handlingsfrihet i arbetet med aktivering. Vidare resultat visar att det upplevda handlingsutrymmet i arbetet bedöms inte påverkas av utbildningsnivå och ålder men att yrkeserfarenhet upplevs som betydelsefull. På organisationsnivå ansågs ett stort utbud av aktiveringsåtgärder och stöd inom verksamheten vara av vikt. På politisk nivå ansågs politiska prioriteringar som en viktig aspekt när det gäller handlingsutrymme.

That the child perspective is something that is to be considered when making decision that affect the child is stipulated in the Social Services Act (2001:453). Since the United NationsConvention on the Rights of the Child (SFS 2018:1197) became law, the rights of the child have gained even more strength. However, research shows that children’s rights to participation when making such decisions are not always fulfilled, because the child is not viewed as an active actor. With this as a starting point the study’s purpose was formedwhich is to explore possibilities and limitations in social workers’ undertaking of considering the child perspective in their work with financial aid with a focus on the social workers’ perception of their room of action. Nine social workers within financial aid from five different municipalities were interviewed with a semi structured interview method. A thematic analysis was conducted on the collected material and three main themes were identified: “To consider the child perspective”, “Grant increased financial aid” and “The adult’s role in the child perspective”. The results showed both possibilities and limitations between the social workers’ undertaking of considering the child perspective, and that the social workers’ perception of their room of action affects the undertaking of the child perspective. / Att barnperspektivet ska beaktas vid beslut som berör barn fastställs i Socialtjänstlagen (SFS 2001:453). Sedan Lag om Förenta nationernas konvention om barnets rättigheter (SFS 2018:1197) blev lag 2020 har barnets rättigheter stärkts ytterligare. Dock visar forskning att barns rätt till delaktighet inte säkerställs, då barn inte ses som aktiva aktörer. Med detta som utgångspunkt skapades studiens syfte som är att undersökasocialsekreterarnas upplevelse av möjligheter och utmaningar i arbetet med barnperspektivet inom ekonomiskt bistånd utifrån deras upplevelse av handlingsutrymmet. Nio socialsekreterare inom ekonomiskt bistånd från fem olika kommuner intervjuades med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. En tematisk analys genomfördes av det insamlade materialet och tre huvudteman urskildes: ”Att handlägga barnperspektiv”, ”Bevilja utökat bistånd till barn” samt ”Den vuxnes roll i barnperspektivet”. Resultatet visade att det finns både utmaningar och möjligheter i socialsekreterarnas arbete med barnperspektivet och att socialsekreterarnas upplevelse av sitt handlingsutrymme påverkar arbetet med barnperspektivet.

The following study aims to study how social workers in the processing of social assistance relate to child perspective after the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It has been also examined how organizational guidelines and rules affect the processing of social assistance. This study has a qualitative research approach, and the empirical data has been collected through five interviews with social workers, who are working with social assistance in two different municipalities in Sweden. The empirical material has been analyzed through Michael Lipsky´s theory of street-level bureaucrats and discretion. All the social workers in this study consider that taking into consideration to child’s perspective is very important in the processing of social assistance but it is somehow ambiguous and complex. As a result, sometimes the social workers do not have the opportunity to consider child perspectives, even though there is now a law stipulated after the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child into Swedish law. Some of these factors that make the work difficult for social workers in the processing of social assistance are lack of time, rules and laws, indistinct organizational guidelines, etcetera. The results of this study also show that the social workers do not want to talk to or meet the children during the processing of social assistance and the working process can differ between the municipalities, where one municipality has much more difficulty in considering child perspectives due to too much workload and lack of time.

The aim of this study was to analyze how social workers in social assistance use communication and treatment in their work for clients with psychosis. The study is based on a qualitative method, where a vignette method and a semi-structured interview have been conducted with four social workers within the investigation unit for social assistance. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the empirical material where three themes were created; 1) Flexibility in contact, meetings and the work with clients, 2) The significance of the relationship, and 3) crooked path to self-sufficiency. The empirical material was analyzed through communication theory, discretion and empowerment. The results showed that relationship building is an important part between the social worker and client diagnosed with psychosis, to have a functional communication and to motivate the client to a plan which leads to self-sufficiency. Social workers can use empowerment to motivate clients to self-sufficiency, by raising the strengths of the client. Further it appeared that social workers need to use their discretion to plan the work with the target group. The result from this study also showed the social worker had good opportunities to use their discretional space to adapt the work individually with the target group. / Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur socialsekreterare inom ekonomiskt bistånd använder kommunikation och bemötande i sitt arbete för klienter med psykosproblematik. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod, där en vinjettstudie och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes tillsammans med fyra socialsekreterare inom utredningsenheten på ekonomiskt bistånd. Tematisk analys tillämpades som dataanalys där tre teman identifierades; 1) Flexibilitet i kontakter, mötet och arbetet med klienter, 2) Relationens betydelse samt 3) Krokig väg till självförsörjning. Studiens empiriska material analyserades utifrån teorierna kommunikationsteori, handlingsutrymme och empowerment. Resultatet från denna studie visade att relationsskapande mellan socialsekreterarna och klienter diagnostiserade med psykossjukdomar var en viktig del för en fungerande kommunikation, samt motivera klienten till planering som leder till självförsörjning. Socialsekreterarna kan använda Empowerment för att motivera klienten till en självförsörjning, genom att lyfta upp styrkor hos klienten. Det framkom även att socialsekreterarna hade goda förutsättningar att använda sitt handlingsutrymme till att individanpassa arbetet med klienterna i målgruppen.

One in two home care workers in Sweden express a desire to leave their jobs. Home care provision and needs assessment increasingly work according to an assembly line logic, depriving care assistants and assistance officers of discretion, and putting care recipients at risk for social exclusion and neglectance. A field study of Moldovan home care indicates, in comparison, that admitting care workers a higher level of autonomy and self-determination contributes to the attractivity of social work and higher quality for beneficiaries, but the dominant care logic in Sweden is instead one of proletarianization: both needs assessment and home care interventions are organised according to manuals, forms, guidelines, and digital recording and scheduling logics. Drawing on findings in Moldova, further research into the role of discretion in social work with elderly is suggested. Findings also indicate that manual-based needs assessment risks resulting in people-production as formulated by Holstein.

The aim of the dissertation is to develop recommendations for improving the interaction of constituent entities of the parent work in social assistance centres for families and children. The information base of the study was the results of the case study; official data defining the field of contract and delegated parental labor in constituent entities of the Russian Federation, published by the Federal state statistics service and its territorial divisions; theoretical materials of Russian and foreign scientists; laws, legislative acts and other legal documents. The main results are the following: extension of the categorical apparatus of research of parental labor through the introduction of the category of contract parental labor; development and implementation of quantitative and qualitative analysis to characteristics of the parental contract labor; development of measures aimed at improvement of cooperation in the field of contract parental labor. / Целью диссертации является разработка рекомендаций по совершенствованию взаимодействия субъектов родительского труда в центрах социальной помощи семье и детям. Информационную базу исследования составили результаты проведенного кейс-стади; официальные данные, определяющие сферу договорного и делегированного родительского труда в разрезе субъектов РФ, публикуемые Федеральной службой государственной статистики и ее территориальными подразделениями; теоретические материалы российских и зарубежных ученых; законы, законодательные акты и другие нормативно-правовые документы. Основные научные результаты состоят в следующем: расширение категориального аппарата исследований родительского труда через введение категории договорного родительского труда; разработка и реализация методики исследования количественных и качественных характеристик договорного родительского труда; разработка мероприятий, направленных на совершенствование взаимодействия в сфере договорного родительского труда.

[pt] A presente dissertação teve como ponto de partida investigar se o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social Quilombola Negro Rugério, localizado no Estado do Espírito Santo, território do Sapê do Norte, promove o atendimento especializado respeitando as singularidades da população quilombola e a cultura dos seus usuários, a partir do que preconiza a Política Nacional de Assistência Social, no que diz respeito ao atendimento à população tradicional. A pesquisa se baseou numa perspectiva decolonial, e o aporte metodológico, se constituiu por meio de trabalho de campo, tanto para observação direta como para a escuta dos sujeitos, por meio das entrevistas aos quilombolas atendidos no CRAS do territórioe o corpo técnico. Desse modo, observou-se que o atendimento das famíliasquilombolas tem sido precarizado mediante ao desmonte das políticas sociais que se manifesta por intermédio do corte dos recursos humanos e financeiros, bem comoa ausência de treinamento necessário para a equipe lidar com as especificidades dosusuários, conforme preconiza a lei. O que nos levou a identificar um traço da expressão do racismo estrutural, considerando que é um equipamento social públicoque lida com um quantitativo expressivo de usuários negros que se autodeclaram quilombolas, e nos permitiu concluir que ainda se constituiu como desafio, tanto para equipe como para os usuários, assegurar a prestação de serviços dignos e que respeite as singularidades da população, sobretudo, a cultura quilombola e suas singularidades. / [en] The starting point of this dissertation was to investigate whether the Quilombola Social Assistance Reference Center Negro Rugério, located in the state of Espírito Santo, in the territory of Sapê do Norte, promotes specialized care respecting the singularities of the quilombola population and the culture of its users, based on what is recommended by the National Social Assistance Policy, with regard to care for the traditional population. The research was based on a decolonial perspective, and the methodological contribution was made through fieldwork, both for direct observation and for listening to the subjects, through interviews with the quilombolas assisted in the CRAS of the territory and the technical staff. Thus, it was observed that the assistance to quilombola families has been precarious due to the dismantling of social policies that manifests itself through cuts in human and financial resources, as well as the absence of the necessary training for the team to deal with the specificities of the users, as advocated by law. This led us to identify a trace of the expression of structural racism, considering that this is a public social equipment that deals with a significant number of black users who declare themselves quilombolas, and allowed us to conclude that it is still a challenge, both for the team and the users,to ensure the provision of dignified services that respect the singularities of the population, especially the quilombola culture and its singularities.

No description available.

[pt] A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as abordagens teóricas e metodológicas referentes às práticas intersetoriais que se apresentam em documentos federais que estruturam os serviços da proteção social básica da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS). Para tanto, recorreu-se à realização de uma pesquisa documental através de uma abordagem de conteúdo qualitativa, tendo como corpus analitico os principais documentos normativos e orientativos do governo federal como Orientações Técnicas dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), de 2009; Protocolo de Gestão Integrada de Serviços, Benefícios e Transferências de Renda no âmbito do Sistema Único de Assistência Social - SUAS , de 2011 e os Cadernos oficiais do CapacitaSUAS (2008 e 2013), que foram destinados as orientações técnicas das capacitações profissionais induzidas pelo governo federal, como complementares e fundamentais para execução dos serviços socio assistenciais da PNAS. Além dos documentos de âmbito federal, utilizamos as orientações técnicas do Fundo Internacional de Emergências das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF), por entender a importância dos organismos internacionais na elaboração de políticas sociais em nível global e se tratando de documento orientativo no concerne a intersetorialidade e o CRAS. Os resultados mostraram que a categoria intersetorialidade vem sendo cada vez mais requisitada nas políticas públicas, ascendendo nos documentos oficiais do governo, principalmente na política de assistência social, vigorada no seu desenho institucional, dado ao contexto histórico e político de implementação do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), direcionando a operacionalidade desta política social pública em todo o território nacional. Entretanto, a intersetorialidade carrega no seu fundamento as contradições das políticas públicas, reforçando que é capaz – através da operacionalidade de diferentes setores públicos – de garantir os direitos de cidadania e o atendimento das demandas da população, bem como manter a reprodução desigual do sistema capitalista. A intersetorialidade, em seu aspecto conceitual, é dita como polissêmica, porém, se apresenta de formas similiares nos documentos analisados e as propostas do trabalho intersetorial contidas nos documentos federais esbarram na ausência de infraestrutura, controle social, participação social e articulação em rede, o que dificulta a materialização das ações intersetoriais. O conceito de intersetorialidade proposto pelo SUAS nos documentos normativos não capta a complexidade das relações interdisciplinares e interinstitucionais que definem as práticas intersetoriais, já que entendemos que pode se manifestar de modos diferentes em contextos específicos, devendo compreender que a dinâmica do poder, dos interesses e das relações no e do trabalho são também questões balizadoras para trazer a compreensão do termo. / [en] The research aimed to analyze the theoretical and methodological approaches referring to intersectoral practices presented in federal documents that structure the basic social protection services of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS). To this end, documentary research was carried out using a qualitative content approach, using as an analytical corpus the main normative and guiding documents of the federal government such as Technical Guidelines for Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS), from 2009; Protocol for Integrated Management of Services, Benefits and Income Transfers within the scope of the Unified Social Assistance System - SUAS, from 2011 and the official CapacitaSUAS Notebooks (2008 and 2013), which were intended to provide technical guidelines for professional training induced by the federal government, as complementary and fundamental for the execution of PNAS social assistance services. In addition to federal documents, we use technical guidelines from the United Nations International Children s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), for under standing the importance of international organizations in the development of social policies at a global level and as a guiding document regarding intersectorality and CRAS. The results showed that the intersectorality category has been increasingly requested in public policies, rising in official government documents, mainly in social assistance policy, enforced in its institutional design, given the historical and political context of implementation of the Unified Assistance System Social Policy (SUAS), directing the operation of this public social policy throughout the national territory. However, intersectorality carries at its foundation the contradictions of public policies, reinforcing that it is capable – through the operation of different public sectors – of guaranteeing citizenship rights and meeting the demands of the population, as well as maintaining the unequal reproduction of the capitalist system. Intersectorality, in its conceptual aspect, is said to be polysemic, however, it presents itself in similar forms in the documents analyzed and the proposals for intersectoral work contained in federal documents come up against the absence of infrastructure, social control, social participation and network articulation, which which makes it difficult to materialize intersectoral actions. The concept of intersectorality proposed by SUAS in the normative documents does not capture the complexity of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional relationships that define intersectoral practices, as we understand that it can manifest itself in different waysin specific contexts, and we must understand that the dynamics of power, interestsand of relationships at and at work are also guiding questions to bring understanding of the term.