One challenge organizations are facing in all industries is determining the likely events of the future and developing strategies to handle these challenges. Sales and operations planning are a decision-making process and tool that helps organizations to allocate resources not only to handle the challenges but also to take advantage of future conditions by balancing supply and demand. There is only a limited amount of framework and models available today. This project will divulge and reveal a new framework for sales and operations planning which has been developed in collaboration with an organization operating in the aerospace and defence industry. The basis of the framework consists of a monthly five step process that facilitates the organization in making decisions based on long term (five-years) organizational goals and tying them in with project specific needs. Ultimately, this will provide a centralized system in meeting current project specific demands whilst ensuring future operations are not compromised but enhanced. The company’s current sales and operations planning maturity level was evaluated and compared to the developed framework to find gaps of what needs to change for the company to have proactive sales and operations planning.

Increasing competitive pressures on most markets force companies to continuously review the effectiveness and efficiencies of their operations. Traditional approach to business planning is becoming insufficient to cope with growing requirements on operational excellence. Concept of Integrated Business Planning (IBP) -- constituting the latest development stage of well-known Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) -- is proposed as the right response on how to master the challenges of globalized economy in this field. The thesis combines theoretical analysis of inefficiencies of traditional S&OP with applied research realized on the case from real business environment. Microeconomic optimization models are employed to demonstrate the sub-optimal outcomes resulting from the lack of cross-functional integration and potentially antagonistic incentives in business planning. Overview of latest best practices in this area further complements the theoretical part of the thesis. Empirical part of the study summarizes author's experience from leading the large scale implementation of IBP concept in the multinational company. Theoretical assumptions of financial benefits of IBP implementation are tested against empirical observations via usage of statistical apparatus. This part may also be viewed as detailed guideline describing the project of IBP implementation. As a result, integrated approach to business planning proves to bring measurable financial as well as non-financial improvements for the company.

Litteraturen om Sälj- & verksamhetsplanering (S&OP) är generellt sett samstämmig kring slutsatsen att  en  sådan  process är  överlägsen traditionell planering,  där  varje  funktion planerar  sin  egen verksamhet. Men även om konceptet och möjliga fördelar är lätta att förstå, så har det visat sig svårt för många företag att operationalisera processen i verkligheten. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka vilka stora hinder ett komplext tillverkande företag ställs inför vid operationaliserandet av en Sälj- & verksamhetsplaneringsprocess. För att fylla detta syfte så  genomfördes en djup fallstudie på  ett företag med ambitionen att operationalisera en standardprocess. Vidare gjordes en syntes av idag existerande mognadsramverk för processen, för att identifiera det mest passande ramverket för att diagnostisera en organisation och dess mognadsnivå. Genom att syntetisera litteraturen identifierades ramverket framtaget av Grimson och Pyke (2007) som det mest passande ramverket för att diagnostisera en organisation i den specifika kontexten. Vidare identifierades tre problemområden som i störst utsträckning hindrar operationaliserandet av en standardprocess: organisationens komplexitet, produktportföljskomplexitet samt IT-stöd. Denna  studie  bidrar  till  både  utövare  och  forskare  med  vägledning  för  att  framgångsrikt diagnostisera en organisations mognadsnivå inom processen, genom att identifiera och belysa de största hindren en komplex tillverkande organisation möter. För forskare påvisar detta att djupare forskning behövs inom vart och ett av dessa problemområden, och för företag och organisationer belyser   denna   studie   vart   resurser   ska   fokuseras   för   att   möjliggöra   ett   framgångsrikt operationaliserande av en Sälj- & Verksamhetsplaneringsprocess. / In general, literature is unanimous in concluding that Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) is superior to traditional decoupled planning. But even though the concept and potential benefits of S&OP  is  easy  to  comprehend,  the  process  has  proven  to  be  difficult  for  organizations  to operationalize in reality. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate what major obstacles complex manufacturing organizations face while striving to operationalize a standard level Sales & Operations Planning process. In order to fill the research objective, empirical research in an in-depth case study format at a company that have the ambition to operationalize a standard level process was performed. More, a framework synthesis was carried out to identify the most suitable maturity framework for diagnosing organization’s S&OP maturity level. Through the S&OP Maturity Model Synthesis the framework by Grimson & Pyke (2007) is found the most appropriate for diagnosing a company within the specific context. Further, the major obstacles  for  complex  manufacturing  organizations  identified  are:  Organizational  complexity, product portfolio complexity and IT system support. This study firstly contributes to  practitioners and  researchers with guidance for  organizational diagnosis.   Secondly,   by   investigating   and   highlighting   the   major   obstacles   that   complex manufacturing organizations encounter when seeking to evolve in a S&OP process.  For researchers this indicates further research within each of these areas, and for practitioners the result signals where to focus time and resources in order to enable S&OP maturity progress.

Environmental concerns are increasing in today's marketplace as well as the pressure for companies tobe as efficient as possible in order to retain and gain market share. This has led to a need forstandardized processes. A process that has become increasingly more common in companies is thesales and operations planning (S&OP) process which aims to match demand with supply. With theenvironmental concern growing in interest it is becoming more important for companies to reuse aproduct in order to utilize the remaining value of the product. This if often only done if there isfinancial gains from the commitment. This is done in a closed loop supply chain where OriginalEquipment Manufacturers (OEM) takes back and remanufacture, refurbish and repair used products.With a growing interest in closed loop supply chains it is becoming increasingly more important forcompanies to be efficient in this area as well. The focal company of this study is working with theirsales and operations planning process as well as with remanufactured products in order to becomemore efficient with their processes they want to integrate the remanufactured products, in this studycalled R2 products into the already existing S&OP process. The aim of this study was hence toinvestigate what complexities that may arise when remanufactured products are integrated into anS&OP process, i.e. what challenges that would occur when remanufactured products were brought into the S&OP process. The case design included semi-structured interviews as the main data source. The results of the studyshowed that complexities may arise in all five steps of the S&OP process. The main findings showedthat the biggest impact of integration would be in the first two stages of the five step process, havingthe most complexities. This study has both academic and managerial implications. In academia thestudy contributes with knowledge in an interface which at the time of this study has been paid verylittle attention in research. This study also provides researchers with a conceptual framework whichcan be tested in other settings and used as a basis for further evaluation of this interface. Themanagerial implications comes from having the possibility by this study to know potential areas thatwill need extra attention before an integration of remanufactured products is conducted. Theframework presented in this study can provide managers with a checklist to follow in the integrationprocess. / Den miljömässiga medvetenheten på dagens marknader ökar och likaså trycket på företag att vara så effektiva som möjligt för att behålla och vinna markandsandelar. Detta har lett till att behov av att standardisera processer där en mer vanligt förekommande process är sälj- och verksamhetsledningsprocessen (Sales and Operations Planning) som har till uppgift att balansera utbud och efterfrågan. Med den ökande miljömässiga medvetenheten blir det mer och mer viktigt för företag att öka längden på produktens livscykel genom att ta tillvara på det resterande värdet när den initiala kunden nått sitt slut på användandet. Detta görs dock ofta endast om det även är lönsamt för företaget. Detta görs i en så kallad sluten försörjningskedja (closed loop supply chain) där originaltillverkare tar tillbaka produkter och omarbetar dem för att ge dem nytt liv. Med ökande intresse och globalt tryck om hållbarhet är även detta ett område där företag börjar sträva mot att bli mer effektiva. Fallföretaget i denna studie arbetar med sälj och verksamhetsledning, tillika med omarbetade produkter. För att blir att öka effektiviteten i deras processer vill de därför integrera deras omarbetade produkter i den befintliga sälj och verksamhetsledningsprocessen. I denna studie kallas dessa produkter för R2. Syftet med denna studie var således att undersöka vilka komplexiteter som kan uppkomma vid denna integrering. Det vill säga, vilka oväntade utmaningar som kan framkomma när R2 produkterna integreras i sälj och verksamhetsledningsprocessen. Fallstudiens utformning inkluderade semistrukturerade intervjuer som huvudsaklig datakälla. Resultaten av studien visade att komplexiteter kan uppkomma i alla fem delar av sälj- och verksamhetsledningsprocessen. De huvudsakliga resultaten visade dock att den största påverkan skulle hamna i de första två stegen av den fördefinierade femstegsprocessen. Denna studie har både akademiska och praktiska implikationer. För akademin bidrar studien med kunskap i gränssnittet mellan sälj- och verksamhetsledning och omarbetade produkter. Den bidrar också med ett konceptuellt ramverk som kan användas av forskare för att vidareutveckla och utvärdera gränssnittet. De praktiska implikationerna kommer från att denna studie ger möjlighet för beslutsfattare i företage att förstå potentiella områden som behöver extra uppmärksamhet före en integration av omarbetade produkter genomförs.

Companies face constant change in today's dynamic business landscape, navigating shifting customer demands, globalization, and economic fluctuations. To thrive, businesses must optimize costs and meet customer needs, making supply chain management necessary. At its core lies demand management, a strategic and operational process that aligns customer needs with the capabilities of the supply chain. The ever-changing demand sets challenges for the integration between supply and demand that need to be studied. While other studies may focus on individual activities, this study treats demand management as a holistic process. Through a case study in ABB Robotics focusing on the spare parts industry, renowned for its stringent service level requirements and extensive availability. This thesis investigates demand management practices, emphasizing integration between demand and supply units, uncovering challenges across the supply chain, and exploring improvement opportunities. The study employs a single case study design with an exploratory abductive approach, using a qualitative method and interviews to gather empirical data that is later analyzed against theoretical frameworks based on prior research. Despite solid inventory planning and collaboration levels, the study identifies several challenges the company faces in meeting demand effectively, including inadequate coordination and failure to incorporate supply capabilities, divergent goals, departmental silos, lack of alignment, and systematic process deficiencies hindering informed decision-making alignment. Also, unclear allocation strategies in supply limitations and customer prioritization are present. Figure 8 in this study advocates integrating demand and supply teams equally, which is crucial for optimized cost and value. The study suggests adopting Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) to involve stakeholders systematically. Necessary actions include understanding roles and responsibilities, setting clear goals, sharing knowledge, enhancing customer and marketing segmentation, and increasing data transparency. In conclusion, successful demand management necessitates viewing it as an integrated process involving all teams focused on reducing variables through continuous information flow.

[pt] Este trabalho acadêmico tem como objetivo oferecer um guia de planejamento de demanda para uma indústria de médio porte por meio de colaboração de várias áreas dos processos decisórios, tais como departamentos chave da empresa, fornecedores e clientes. Propor metodologia formal para ajudar no balanceamento da oferta e demanda, promover a troca de informações dentro e fora da organização, otimizar o uso de recursos materiais e financeiros, e consequentemente, melhorar o resultado do retorno sobre o investimento. Observa-se no mercado que as pesquisas e práticas de planejamento colaborativo de demanda são direcionadas apenas para as grandes organizações, deixando assim as demais empresas sem referência. Logo, este trabalho tem a pretensão de contribuir com as empresas de médio porte, oferecendo soluções adaptadas para tratamento das causas das dificuldades e falhas de planejamento da demanda. A dissertação baseou-se em estudo de caso, dados de fontes primárias extraídos de sistemas de informação da empresa em estudo, entrevistas com funcionários envolvidos neste processo, visitas in loco para observação direta, e pesquisas bibliográficas que proporcionaram fundamento teórico. O foco da proposta de melhoria fundamenta-se nos conceitos e práticas de Sales and Operations Planning (SeOP) ou Planejamento de Vendas e Operações, como planejamento colaborativo interno para melhoria da conexão das áreas funcionais da empresa. O planejamento colaborativo externo para aperfeiçoamento da interface da empresa com fornecedores e clientes completa a proposta por meio dos conceitos e práticas adaptadas do Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) ou Planejamento Colaborativo, Previsão e Reabastecimento. / [en] This academic work is intended to provide a guide for planning demand for a medium size industry through collaboration in various areas of decision making, such as key company departments, suppliers and customers. This Masters thesis proposes a formal methodology to assist in balancing supply and demand, promotes the exchange of information within and outside the organization, optimizes the use of material and financial resources and consequently improves the return on investments. It is observed in market research and planning practices thats collaborative demand is directed only to large organizations, thus leaving other companies without reference. Therefore, this work intends to contribute with midsize companies, offering solutions tailored to treat the causes of the difficulties and failures of demand planning. The dissertation was based on a case study data from primary sources drawn from the information systems of the company under study, interviews with officials involved in this process, site visits for direct observation, and literature searches that provided theoretical foundation. The focus of the proposed improvement is based on the concepts and practices of Sales and Operations Planning (SandOP), and collaborative planning to improve the internal connection of the functional areas of business. Collaborative planning for improving the external interface with the companys suppliers and customers complete the proposal through the concepts and practices adapted from the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR).

Le processus S&OP est souvent considéré comme un processus d'alignement de l'offre et de la demande dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement simples et linéaires, avec un seul marché et une seule usine. Les entreprises multinationales présentent aujourd'hui des configurations de chaînes d'approvisionnement plus complexes possédant des usines spécialisées qui desservent plusieurs marchés. Ce papier analyse comment les entreprises multinationales configurent leurs processus de gouvernance S&OP pour relier les usines et les marchés, ainsi que l'influence de cette gouvernance sur leur capacité à obtenir un alignement entre l'offre, la demande, et les plans financiers. Au travers d'entretiens menés avec des entreprises, une typologie est définie pour les modèles de gouvernance S&OP observés. Cette typologie suggère qu'un type de gouvernance S&OP exerçant une autorité, à la fois dans les usines et dans les marchés, conduit à des résultats S&OP plus probants. Un lien est également établi entre l'efficacité des S&OP et les mesures formelles d'alignement pour la planification financière. A partir de ceci, les éléments de Contrôle de Gestion sont précisés pour permettre la conceptualisation des S&OP en reconnaissant l'influence de la comptabilité sur la gouvernance du processus S&OP pour assurer la transparence et l'engagement multifonctionnel dans les contextes de la chaîne d'approvisionnement multinationale. Il en découle quatre règles normatives pour la réussite de la gouvernance et de l'alignement du processus S&OP dans un contexte de configuration de la chaîne d'approvisionnement multinationale. / S&OP is often seen as a process for alignment between supply and demand in simple, linear supply chains with one market and one factory. Multinational firms today have more complex supply chain configurations that have specialized factories serving multiple markets. This research explores how multinational companies configure their S&OP governance linking factories and markets and the influence this governance bas on their ability to obtain alignment between supply, demand and financial plans. Through company interviews, a typology for observed S&OP governance models is developed., and suggests that an S&OP governance type exerting authority simultaneously into both factories and markets leads to more successful S&OP outcomes. A link is also drawn between S&OP effectiveness and forma! policies for alignment with financial planning. From this, elements of Management Control are deployed as a framework to furthering S&OP conceptualization by recognizing the influence of accounting on S&OP governance in achieving transparency and multi-functional engagement in multinational supply chain contexts. The result is four normative rules for successful S&OP governance and alignment within a multinational supply chain configuration context.

[pt] O processo de S e OP (Planejamento de Vendas e Operações) é um importante processo para ampliar a competitividade de uma empresa em sua área de atuação, utilizada pela maioria das empresas brasileiras. Esse processo tem como finalidade o alinhamento vertical (estratégias e objetivos, planos de ação) e horizontal (entre as áreas funcionais) da empresa, contribuindo para que os gestores tenham uma visão ampla de todas as áreas. O principal benefício do processo é a integração das áreas funcionais da empresa, proporcionando o equilíbrio da cadeia logística através do balanço entre a oferta e a demanda entre as áreas, desde o cliente final até o fornecedor. A tese apresentada tem como objetivo analisar a prática do processo de sales and operations planning (S e OP), em uma empresa de varejo brasileira. A dissertação baseou-se em estudo de caso, aonde foi realizada uma revisão de literatura dos conceitos, frameworks e modelos de maturidades. Seguido por coleta de dados em campo através de entrevistas, observação das práticas, análise de documentos e ferramentas com os gestores que participaram do S e OP da empresa em 2015. Por fim, análise do conteúdo que permitiu apresentar o processo de S e OP da empresa, as recomendações importantes para evolução do mesmo e também identificar pontos inicialmente subestimados pelo estudo. / [en] The S and OP (Sales and Operations Planning) process is an important process used in leading Brazilian companies with the objective of increasing their competitiveness in their markets. This process has the purpose of vertical (Strategies and objectives, action plans) and horizontal (among functional areas) alignment of the company, allowing managers to have a broad vision of all áreas. The main benefits of process is the integration of the functional áreas of the company, providing a balance in the logistics chain, and balancing the supply and demand between areas from the end customer to the vendor. The thesis presented aims to analyse the practice of the sales and operations planning (S and OP), in a Brazilian retail company. The dissertation was based on a case study in which a literature review of concepts, frameworks and maturity models was carried out. It followed data collection in the field through interviews, observation of practices, analysis of documents and tools with managers who participated in the S and OP of the company in 2015. Finally, content analysis presented the company s S and OP process and recommendations and also identified points initially underestimated by the study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6208.pdf: 1335355 bytes, checksum: acf4c894954c916daa868e27d0287933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In today's dynamic market scenario to develop skills for quick and assertive decision making is still one of the challenges faced by companies around the world. In order to assist managers to meet the demand in a competitive way, a new approach to integrated management of business processes has emerged in recent years the S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning). This approach encompasses the master production planning, demand planning and managing the flow of information, resulting in a unique planning to the company. Thus, the purpose of this research is to characterize the success factors for S&OP implementation in three companies that are in distinct S&OP maturity level. Firstly, a Literature Review was conducted about Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP), in order to identify relevant points in literature, for this research. For this porpouse, it was used the Systematic Literature Review principles. The empirical part of the research included the method of multi case study in which three organizations that have already deployed the S&OP, but are in different stages of maturity, were investigated in order to clarify different perspectives of the research problem and find common characteristics. After conducting semi-structured interviews, that were used as a research tool, it was used the technique of content analysis to survey the main features of the implementation of S&OP process. From the results, it was possible to develop a set of factors for companies wishing to deploy the process, in which the main determining factors of success were: the involvement of senior management, cross-functional integration, metrics and performance monitoring, information systems and understanding of the process or training. Conversely, the main barriers identified in the study included the culture of silos and inadequate technology and information systems. It is assumed that both external variables such as culture and local economy and internal variables, such as the production strategy adopted, can influence the process of S&OP, elements yet not explored by the literature about the subject. / No atual cenário de mercado, desenvolver habilidades para tomada de decisão rápida e assertiva é ainda um dos desafios enfrentados por empresas em todo o mundo. De modo a auxiliar gestores a atenderem a demanda de forma competitiva, uma nova abordagem de gestão integrada de processos de negócio emergiu nas últimas décadas- o S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning). Tal abordagem engloba o planejamento mestre de produção, planejamento de demanda e o gerenciando o fluxo de informações, resultando em um planejamento único para a empresa. O propósito desta pesquisa foi caracterizar os fatores de sucesso para a implantação de S&OP em três empresas que se encontram em fases de maturidade distintas de sua implementação. Primeiramente, conduziu-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto em questão - Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) - a fim de identificar na literatura pontos relevantes para a pesquisa. Para tanto, utilizou-se os princípios da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. A parte empírica da pesquisa contemplou um estudo multicaso, no qual três organizações foram pesquisadas, a fim de explicitar diferentes perspectivas do problema de pesquisa e encontrar características em comum. A idéia era buscar empresas que já haviam implantado o S&OP, porém que se encontram em fases distintas de maturidade. Após a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, empregadas como instrumento de pesquisa, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo para levantamento das principais características do processo de implantação do S&OP. Identificou-se um conjunto de fatores para empresas que desejem implantar o processo, a partir de fatores apontados como estratégicos para o sucesso do S&OP: a participação da alta gerência, integração interfuncional, métricas e monitoramento do desempenho, sistemas de informação e entendimento do processo ou treinamento. Dentre as principais barreiras encontradas estão: a cultura de silos e tecnologia e sistemas de informação inadequados. Observou-se que tanto variáveis externas, tais como cultura e economia local, quanto variáveis internas, como a estratégia de produção adotada influenciam a implantação do processo de S&OP, elementos ainda não explorados na literatura revisada sobre o assunto.

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T08:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbeiro_FranciscoMiguel_M.pdf: 3666365 bytes, checksum: 90bcb4b2a8648ea08f9f8360c1b7ed50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O Planejamento de Vendas e Operações é um processo integrado de gerenciamento do negócio, que pode gerar vantagem competitiva através de uma visão e entendimento do cenário futuro e do envolvimento de um time multifuncional para definir e executar um conjunto de planos operacionais alinhados de modo a maximizar os resultados do negócio e melhor atender os clientes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia que suporte a implementação de um Processo de Planejamento de Vendas e Operações e testá-la através de sua aplicação prática numa Divisão de Negócios que atende o mercado de consumo a partir de uma manufatura de produção para estoque. Identifica os fatores relevantes para uma implementação de sucesso, abordando os três elementos básicos do S&OP: i) Pessoas - Uma vez que o processo é gerenciado e operacionalizado por pessoas, estas precisam estar conscientes, treinadas, além de entender o que se espera delas. Precisam, também, operar o processo em conformidade com os princípios aprovados, políticas e procedimentos; ii) Processo - Um processo precisa estar formalizado, com etapas, entradas, saídas, definição de responsabilidades e de medidas de desempenho; iii) Ferramentas - Devem estar disponíveis para suportar as pessoas na execução de suas atividades. Podem incluir hardware, software, manuais e sistemas de comunicação. O trabalho aborda, também, os potenciais benefícios de um processo eficaz de S&OP, bem como suas limitações, demonstrando a melhoria do trabalho em equipe, do serviço aos clientes e da gestão de ativos, obtidos pela implementação do processo na Divisão de Negócio analisada / Abstract: Sales and Operations Planning is an integrated business management process to generate competitive advantage by looking forward, understanding future scenarios and involving a multifunctional team to define and execute a set of operational plans, aligned to maximize the business results and best attend the customers. This project aims to present a methodology to support a Sales and Operations Planning Process implementation and test it through a practical application in Business Division that attends consumer market through make to stock manufacturing. Identifies the relevant factors to a well succeeded implementation, covering S&OP basic elements: i) People - Whatever is a process managed and operated by people, they need to be acknowledgeable, trained and understand what is expected of them. They also need to operate the process in accordance with agreed-upon principles, policies and procedures; ii) Process - A process needs to be formalized, defining process steps, inputs, outputs, roles, responsibilities, and measurements; iii) Tools - Need to be available allowing people to fulfill their part in the process. These tools may include hardware, software, manual and communication systems. This project also wants to discuss Sales and Operations Planning potential benefits and limitations, demonstrating the improvements the Business Division achieved related to teamwork, customer service and asset management, due to the S&OP process implementation / Mestrado / Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica