The aim of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge about how the work and profession of upper secondary school teachers is understood and shaped by the teachers in the beginning of the 21st century, and to relate that understanding of work and professional development to the strivings of the teachers’ trade unions and the state. With the implementation of an innovation as a starting point, the teachers’ narratives also described their work in a broader sense. Connections and contradictions between those descriptions of everyday work are analysed in relation to central ideas in research and state and trade union policy. The empirical data were mainly generated through interviews and studies of state- and teachers’ trade union policy documents. Twenty-three teachers at four upper secondary schools were interviewed twice, with a one year interval. Five school leaders were also interviewed. A minor questionnaire added data concerning professional development. 102 documents published by the State and the teachers’ trade unions between 1964 and 2004 were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The analysis is eclectic, drawing on perspectives and conceptions from theories on professions, organisations, school development and the frame factor theory. The overall approach of the study is practice related research and includes an intention to draw attention to connections between micro and macro levels. The analyses of the teachers’ narratives on implementation indicate that they were able to do the job despite unsatisfactory conditions thanks to high work morale and extensive experience. The infrastructure provided by the frame factors was weak or working at cross purposes. The school-wide support for development was stronger at one of the four schools. The teachers’ formal freedom of action was substantial. In practice it was restricted by frame factors and the fact that the potential freedom was not fully used. Thus, the actual autonomy was more limited than it appeared to be. The school culture included elements of balkanised and contrived collegiality. Many tasks were delegated to the interdisciplinary work teams, but the teams did not seem to live up to expectations. Primarily, they lacked time and an appropriate group composition. There was a clash between the interdisciplinary work teams and the teachers’ need to co-operate within subject work teams. The teachers did not regard interdisciplinary work teams as useful for school or professional development. Supportive conditions for long-term, shared learning and dialogue between researchers and practitioners were largely lacking. Visions such as learning organisations were far removed from the everyday life in the schools. Changes in organisational structures at the schools have partly been counterproductive. The far-reaching restructuring of the Swedish upper secondary schools implemented from the end of the 1980s and during the 1990s was in line with international reform trends. It also had specific national characteristics. The concept professional teachers was introduced in some Government bills around 1990. The teachers’ trade unions adopted the concept and it became increasingly significant in trade union policy during the 1990s. At the turn of the millennium it was a dominant idea in their documents. During the 1990s several influential discourses became established as shared views between the State, trade unions and some researchers, e.g. what I have called change and professional discourses. They were rarely problematized in state and teachers’ trade union policy documents. The two agreements between the teachers’ trade unions and the employers, in 1995 and 2000, constituted another component of what has been termed a system-shift in the Swedish school system. They influenced the teachers’ working conditions and implied new strategies for the trade unions. The professional, change and management discourses salient in the documents were brought into schools with insufficient opportunities for the teachers to develop a deep meaning of the discourses. The study emphasizes the importance of practice oriented studies, related to wider contexts, in order to provide insights into teachers’ work and professional development. It also brings nuances to, and problematizes theoretical conceptions and discourses in the field. Key-words: teaching profession, upper secondary teachers, change, school reform, professional development, school development, frame factors, school governance, school policy, trade union

The main aim of this thesis is to illuminate how researchers might provide support to the improvement of educators' competence, in a school development context. The thesis also sheds light on conditions and obstacles for such development. The theoretical approach derives inspiration from several lines of thought but above all from action theory and theories on adult learning and development. The approach of the thesis can be characterized as “contextual-constructivist” or “social constructivist”. Four different forms of collaboration between researchers and educators are studied and compared. The methods used were interviews, questionnaires and document study. The similarities between the different types of collaboration are striking. The educators’ competence for action and development seems to have increased in all types of collaboration, for example towards increased communicative and meta-cognitive competence. This, however, cannot be attributed solely to the researchers; rather it seems to be a result of the whole interplay with the environment that was initiated by the collaboration. One group of educators also turned out to act as bridge-builders between the researchers and their own colleagues. Further, the educators have had access to various tangible tools, which have appeared to be useful not only in developmental work but also in the everyday work. Finally, the utility aspect of school research is discussed, as well as the double, sometimes triple, helix of learning and developmental processes that educators may share as a result of the collaboration with researchers.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka former och frekvens av IKT i ett kommunikativt syfte i skolan. I bakgrunden presenteras att kommunikation med datorerna sätter sin prägel på människors liv och Internet påverkar i hög grad den dagliga tillvaron. Hur tillgången till datorer är i svenska hem och skola samt vilken betydelse datorns placering i har arbetssituationen belyses. I den teoretiska bakgrunden beskrivs vad kommunikation och information är, att vi alltid kommunicerar men det är skillnad på de medel som används. Här belyses även datorns betydelse för kommunikation inom informations- och kommunikationstekniken (IKT). Här exemplifieras vidare datorn i ett pedagogiskt syfte och dess användning inom skolan samt att kringmiljön är viktig. Studien är huvudsakligen baserad på en kvantitativ metodinriktning i form av en enkätundersökning där lärare och elever vid tre skolor i sex olika klasser svarar på frågor kring datorns nyttjande både inom skolan och i hemmet. Resultatet visar att både elever och lärare är frekventa användare av datorer och kommunicerar via IKT i olika former. Båda grupperna är positiva till att i ökad grad kommunicera via IKT. Däremot tyder resultatet på att eleverna inte erbjuds eller tillåts att använda datorer och kommunicera via IKT i den utsträckning som kan uppfattas som rimlig både utifrån ett läroplansperspektiv och utifrån elevers förutsättningar och önskan. Generellt sett är dock elever nöjda med det arbetssätt läraren använder sig av i undervisningen, eftersom eleven inte vet av något annat. Datorn är fysiskt placerad centralt i lärares arbetsmiljö i skolan men det gäller dock inte för eleverna som inte kan utnyttja samma arbetsformer. En pedagogisk implikation av denna studie är att datorernas placering – det vill säga brist på central placering – leder till brister i möjligheter att utnyttja de moderna kommunikationsformer som är en del av elevernas vardag. Eleverna söker information och surfar på nätet hemma men sällan eller aldrig i skolan. En avgörande faktor är också lärarnas inställning till tillämpandet av IKT i undervisningen. / The object with this study is to examine the forms and frequency of the use of ICT for communicative purposes within the educational system. In the background the fact is established that communication with computers shape peoples lives and that the Internet have a great influence on every day life. The accessibility to computers in Swedish homes and schools and the significance of the placement of the computer within the works situation is also illustrated. The theoretical background gives a description of what communication and Information is, that we always communicate, but also that the means differ in doing so. Here is also the significance of the computer for communication within ICT emphasized. The computer is exemplifyed for an educational purpose, it’s use in school and the importance of the pedagogical environment is also stressed. The study is mainly based on a quantitative method in forms of an inquiry where teachers and pupils at there different schools in six different grades answers questions about computer usage both in school and at home. The result signifyes that both pupils and teachers are frequent users of computers and that they communicate through different modes of ICT. Both categories are positive to an increased use of ICT as a method of communication. The result, however, points out that pupils are not granted the possibility or are not allowed to make use of computers and to communicate through ICT to that extent which seems reasonable form a curricular perspective and the requirements and wishes of the pupils. In general, however, are the pupils content with the working methods that the teachers are making use of in their tuition, (probably) since they know of no other method. The computer is physically centrally placed in the teachers working environment in school, but that is not the case for the pupils who are able to make use of the same working methods themselves. An educational implication of this study is that the placement of the computers – that is the lack of central placement – causes difficulties in making use of modern means of communication, which is an integrated part of the pupils’ everyday life. The pupils search for information on the Internet at home but rarely or never while in school. A decisive element is also the attitude of the teachers to the application of ICT in the daily pedagogical activity.

No description available.

Reading in Sweden has not always looked like it does today. Reading and reading comprehension has a history and it has been influenced by different factors, earlier as well as today. Today the society has a different view of reading and reading comprehension than before. Reading today is more like a central part of a human’s everyday life where we are surrounded by different forms of writing that requires reading constantly. The purpose of this essay is to examine how the past and current research looks at children´s reading and reading comprehension in Sweden, within the school subject Swedish. What the literature says about how the society sees reading today what it looked like in the past and also its development over time. This study also aims to analyze if there are any socio-economic factors that affects children's reading and reading comprehension. In order to pursue this study, we have chosen to use the following questions: What does the previous research say about reading comprehension? How does the previous research look at reading in a historical perspective? What does the previous research say about children's reading comprehension today? Which socio-economic factors have influence on children’s reading and reading comprehension? We have chosen to do a literature-study which is based on previous research about children´s reading and reading comprehension, both national and international. In order to obtain relevant research for our area, the research was made on different databases such as DiVA, ERIC and the school library. We have chosen to look at the previous research through the transactional theory made by Louise Rosenblatt (2002). This study showed that the view of reading and reading comprehension has changed through time. The study showed that the socio-economic factors as gender, heredity and environment has an effect on children´s reading and reading comprehension.

<p>Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka former och frekvens av IKT i ett kommunikativt syfte i skolan.</p><p>I bakgrunden presenteras att kommunikation med datorerna sätter sin prägel på människors liv och Internet påverkar i hög grad den dagliga tillvaron. Hur tillgången till datorer är i svenska hem och skola samt vilken betydelse datorns placering i har arbetssituationen belyses.</p><p>I den teoretiska bakgrunden beskrivs vad kommunikation och information är, att vi alltid kommunicerar men det är skillnad på de medel som används. Här belyses även datorns betydelse för kommunikation inom informations- och kommunikationstekniken (IKT). Här exemplifieras vidare datorn i ett pedagogiskt syfte och dess användning inom skolan samt att kringmiljön är viktig.</p><p>Studien är huvudsakligen baserad på en kvantitativ metodinriktning i form av en enkätundersökning där lärare och elever vid tre skolor i sex olika klasser svarar på frågor kring datorns nyttjande både inom skolan och i hemmet.</p><p>Resultatet visar att både elever och lärare är frekventa användare av datorer och kommunicerar via IKT i olika former. Båda grupperna är positiva till att i ökad grad kommunicera via IKT. Däremot tyder resultatet på att eleverna inte erbjuds eller tillåts att använda datorer och kommunicera via IKT i den utsträckning som kan uppfattas som rimlig både utifrån ett läroplansperspektiv och utifrån elevers förutsättningar och önskan.</p><p>Generellt sett är dock elever nöjda med det arbetssätt läraren använder sig av i undervisningen, eftersom eleven inte vet av något annat. Datorn är fysiskt placerad centralt i lärares arbetsmiljö i skolan men det gäller dock inte för eleverna som inte kan utnyttja samma arbetsformer.</p><p>En pedagogisk implikation av denna studie är att datorernas placering – det vill säga brist på central placering – leder till brister i möjligheter att utnyttja de moderna kommunikationsformer som är en del av elevernas vardag. Eleverna söker information och surfar på nätet hemma men sällan eller aldrig i skolan. En avgörande faktor är också lärarnas inställning till tillämpandet av IKT i undervisningen.</p> / <p>The object with this study is to examine the forms and frequency of the use of ICT for communicative purposes within the educational system.</p><p>In the background the fact is established that communication with computers shape peoples lives and that the Internet have a great influence on every day life. The accessibility to computers in Swedish homes and schools and the significance of the placement of the computer within the works situation is also illustrated.</p><p>The theoretical background gives a description of what communication and Information is, that we always communicate, but also that the means differ in doing so. Here is also the significance of the computer for communication within ICT emphasized. The computer is exemplifyed for an educational purpose, it’s use in school and the importance of the pedagogical environment is also stressed.</p><p>The study is mainly based on a quantitative method in forms of an inquiry where teachers and pupils at there different schools in six different grades answers questions about computer usage both in school and at home.</p><p>The result signifyes that both pupils and teachers are frequent users of computers and that they communicate through different modes of ICT. Both categories are positive to an increased use of ICT as a method of communication. The result, however, points out that pupils are not granted the possibility or are not allowed to make use of computers and to communicate through ICT to that extent which seems reasonable form a curricular perspective and the requirements and wishes of the pupils.</p><p>In general, however, are the pupils content with the working methods that the teachers are making use of in their tuition, (probably) since they know of no other method. The computer is physically centrally placed in the teachers working environment in school, but that is not the case for the pupils who are able to make use of the same working methods themselves.</p><p>An educational implication of this study is that the placement of the computers – that is the lack of central placement – causes difficulties in making use of modern means of communication, which is an integrated part of the pupils’ everyday life. The pupils search for information on the Internet at home but rarely or never while in school. A decisive element is also the attitude of the teachers to the application of ICT in the daily pedagogical activity.</p>

Abstract Since 2010, the National Agency for Education has had an intention to improve teaching and learning in schools by introducing collaborative structures. In order to develop a learning school organisation, with the aim that all students are able to reach their educational goals, shared responsibility and common learning is advocated. The study focuses on a school´s implementation of teaching learning communities (TLC) based on teachers´ engagement in systematic collaborative work. The theoretical framework is based on social- culture perspectives. The aim of the study is to explore important conditions as well as success factors which can be related to a TLC work. The analyses are based on nine interviews and findings indicate that challenging factors are; the importance of leadership, a democratic collaborative structure and the teachers´ attitudes towards professional learning. The success factors indicate that a collaborative teaching learning is possible by challenging each other’s ideas and practices, a development of professional language, increased self-esteem and the improvement of teacher´s relations and new perspectives according to teaching and pupil´s learning. The study indicates that a demanding factor for a well-performing teaching learning community is based on a well-organized leadership. Leaders ought to be aware of how democratic processes might threaten collaborative work and how a successful leadership is formed.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-21T20:36:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Aline Fernanda de Souza.pdf: 976448 bytes, checksum: 6a62643aad0eb524dd8f2dfa37fe2d01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-10T19:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Aline Fernanda de Souza.pdf: 976448 bytes, checksum: 6a62643aad0eb524dd8f2dfa37fe2d01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T19:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Aline Fernanda de Souza.pdf: 976448 bytes, checksum: 6a62643aad0eb524dd8f2dfa37fe2d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-06 / FAPEMAT / A presente dissertação de mestrado se insere no campo das políticas educacionais e tem como foco uma política educacional de gestão implementada pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso (SEDUC/MT). Esta pesquisa é denominada de Política de Integração PPP/PDE, e sua proposta se baseia na integração entre o Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) e o Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE – Escola). Tal política possui o intuito de superar uma possível sobreposição do PDE – Escola em detrimento do PPP, através da proposta de potencializar os benefícios de ambos os documentos e evitar a fragmentação das ações no cotidiano das unidades escolares da rede estadual de educação de Mato Grosso. O foco central desse trabalho é analisar as compreensões expressas pelos sujeitos que atuam no contexto da produção do texto e no contexto da prática acerca da referida política, a partir dos discursos apresentados por eles. Para isso valho-me de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa interpretativa, utilizando-me da análise de políticas públicas com base no Ciclo de Políticas proposto por Stephen Ball e Richard Bowe, da análise documental realizada no Guia Orientativo produzido pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação e da análise do discurso a partir do conceito de discurso apresentado por Michael Foucault tendo como base entrevistas realizadas com nove sujeitos atuantes na Secretaria de Estado de Educação, Centro de Formação e Atualização dos Profissionais da Educação Básica de Mato Grosso (CEFAPRO) – polo de Rondonópolis e duas escolas estaduais de Rondonópolis-MT. Essa política foi analisada tendo como base sua implantação no ano de 2011, no Estado de Mato Grosso por meio da estratégia de formação adotada pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação onde o processo formativo acerca da orientação para sua implementação foi estruturado da seguinte forma: SEDUC – CEFAPRO – Escolas. Nesse contexto, a Secretaria realizou o processo formativo com os CEFAPROS e os CEFAPROS com as escolas. Desse modo, a implementação dessa política tem ocorrido no interior das escolas de forma que os sujeitos ativos nesse processo, compreendem, interpretam e ou recriam a política a partir de uma leitura baseada em suas experiências, valores e histórias. Vale ressaltar ainda que esta pesquisa contou com apoio financeiro da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES e da Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso – FAPEMAT. / This master thesis belongs to the field of education policies and focuses on an educational management policy implemented by the State of Mato Grosso Education (SEDUC / MT). This research is called PPP / PDE Integration Policy, and its proposal is based on the integration of the Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) and the School Development Plan (EDP - School). This policy has the aim of overcoming a possible overlap of the PDE - School over the PPP by proposing to leverage the benefits of both documents and avoid fragmentation of actions in daily school units of the state system of Mato Grosso education. The central focus of this paper is to analyze the understandings expressed by the subjects that act in the context of text production and in the context of practice about the policy, from the speeches made by them. For this I make use of an interpretative qualitative research, using me the analysis of public policies based on the policy cycle proposed by Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe, the documentary analysis in approximate guide produced by the Ministry of Education and discourse analysis from the concept of discourse presented by Michael Foucault taking based on interviews with nine active subjects in the State Department of Education, Training Center and Professional Updating of Basic Education of Mato Grosso (CEFAPRO) - Polo Rondonópolis and two state schools in Rondonópolis-MT. This policy was analyzed based on its implementation in 2011, in the State of Mato Grosso through the training strategy adopted by the Ministry of Education where the training process on the guidance for its implementation has been structured as follows: SEDUC - CEFAPRO - Schools. In this context, the Secretariat conducted the training process with CEFAPROS and CEFAPROS with schools. Thus, the implementation of this policy has occurred within schools so that the active subjects in the process, understand, interpret and recreate or politics from a reading based on their experiences, values and stories. It is worth emphasizing that this research had the financial support of Higher Education Personnel Enhancement Coordination - CAPES and Amparo the State of Mato Grosso Research Foundation - FAPEMAT.

Inledning: Författarna har under sina fältdagar i utbildningen uppmärksammat att det finns olika åsikter och tankar om specialpedagogens uppdrag i verksamheterna bland pedagogerna. Spe­cialpedagogens uppdrag styrs på olika sätt beroende på ledning och vilka befogenheter speci­alpedagogen har i verksamheterna. Syfte: Att öka kunskapen om pedagogers syn på det spe­cialpedagogiska uppdraget samt hur det kan påverka specialpedagogens roll i en verksamhet. Metod: Vid ett tillfälle träffades fyra pedagoger i en fokusgrupp där deltagarna fick diskutera ett antal bilder med påståenden utifrån den specialpedagogiska examensordningen. En rektor och två specialpedagoger besvarade en enkät med samma tolv påståenden som fokusgruppen samt med några öppna frågor. Resultat: Det skiljde sig i pedagogernas diskussioner om speci­alpedagogens uppdrag beroende på om det diskuterades utifrån vad det står i examensord­ningen eller om det var utifrån pedagogernas önskan. Handledningssamtal var ofta i fokus samt hur handledningssamtal påverkade pedagogernas arbete. Pedagogerna ville ha specialpeda­gogens kunskap och tar upp att det är viktigt med ett bra samarbete mellan professionerna. Skolutveckling diskuterades mest i fokusgruppen när det var utifrån examensordningen. Synen på det specialpedagogiska uppdraget behöver utvecklas i verksamheten menar rektorn. Slut­sats: Pedagogerna uttrycker att specialpedagogerna är viktiga i verksamheten samtidigt som det finns en osäkerhet och otydlighet i det specialpedagogiska uppdraget. / Introduction: The authors have noted during their field days in the education that there are different opinions and thoughts about the special educator's assignments in the activities of the educators. The Special Education Officer's assignments are governed differently depending on management and the powers of the Special Pedagogue in the activities. Aims: To raise aware­ness of educators' views on the special education assignment and how it may affect the role of the Special Educator in an activity. Method: At one time, four educators met in a focus group where the participants were allowed to discuss a number of pictures with claims based on the special education degree scheme. A principal and two special educators answered a quest­ionnaire with the same twelve statements as the focus group and with some open questions. Result: It was different in the pedagogues discussions about the special educator's as­signments, depending on whether it was discussed based on the degree program or whether it was the wish of the educators. Tutorials were often in focus and how tutoring conversations influenced the teachers' work. The educators wanted the specialist teacher's knowledge and stated that it is important to have good cooperation between the professions. School develop­ment was discussed most in the focus group when it was based on the degree scheme. The view of the special education mission needs to be developed in the activities, says the director. Conclusion: Educators express that the special educators are important in the activities while there is uncertainty and ambiguity in the special education mission.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-25T18:42:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelalinesoaresdeoliveiracordeiro.pdf: 1504355 bytes, checksum: 7341924654a3ee3ec23c6ab15df11d1a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T18:58:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelalinesoaresdeoliveiracordeiro.pdf: 1504355 bytes, checksum: 7341924654a3ee3ec23c6ab15df11d1a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T18:58:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raquelalinesoaresdeoliveiracordeiro.pdf: 1504355 bytes, checksum: 7341924654a3ee3ec23c6ab15df11d1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / Esta dissertação, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, tem como objetivo analisar como os gestores escolares se apropriam da ferramenta de gestão estratégica disponibilizada pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC), através do programa Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE Escola). Como estudo de caso, foram analisadas quatro escolas estaduais urbanas, localizadas nos municípios de Belo Horizonte e Sabará, em Minas Gerais. A pesquisa buscou responder a seguinte pergunta: como o PDE Escola tem sido utilizado como ferramenta de planejamento estratégico pelas unidades escolares? A análise e descrição do processo de implementação e apropriação, por parte dos gestores escolares, da metodologia do PDE Escola, nas quatro escolas, apontaram para a necessidade de uma formação continuada dos gestores escolares tendo como foco principal o planejamento estratégico, participativo e integrado, e a concretização do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) adequado à realidade da unidade escolar. Assim sendo, foi elaborado um plano de ação educacional, como projeto piloto, visando à formação continuada em gestão escolar para as 148 escolas estaduais e 2 técnicos da jurisdição da Superintendência Regional de Ensino (SRE) Metropolitana A da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais (SEEMG). Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para o fortalecimento de uma gestão escolar integrada, estratégica e participativa das escolas estaduais de Minas Gerais, buscando a melhoria da qualidade da educação. / This work, developed in the Juiz de Fora’ Federal University Program of PostGraduation in Evaluation and Management of Public Education, aims to analyse how school managers use the strategic management tool provided by Ministry of Education (MEC), through the School Development Plan (PDE Escola). This study case analysed four urban state school located in Belo Horizonte and Sabará (both in Minas Gerais). The research has as guiding question: how the PDE Escola has been used as strategic management tool for school units? The examination and description of implementation and appropriation process of PDE Escola by school managers in this four cases, show the need of a continuous training for school managers with focus on strategic, participatory and integrated management, considering also the Political Pedagogical Program materialization most suitable to school’s reality. Thus was elaborated an educational action plan as a pilot project for a continuous formation in school management for 148 state schools and 2 experts of Metropolitan A Regional Educational Superintendence (SRE) of Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Education. This study expects to contribute to strengthening of an integrated, strategic and participatory school management in Minas Gerais’ state schools and, with this, promote an improvement in educational quality.