Magister Legum - LLM

I övergripande kollektivavtal på svensk arbetsmarknad framgår en strävan efter ett positivt samband mellan lön, motivation och resultat som en följd av individuell lönesättning. Denna studie undersöker individuell lönesättnings eventuella påverkan på arbetsmotivation hos lärare, kort efter att en statligt finansierad lönesatsning hade höjt lönerna för många av dessa. Studien har i huvudsak kvalitativ ansats och har genomförts med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av self determination theory, teorier om avund och rättviseteori. För att undersöka om individuell lönesättning påverkar grundskollärares arbetsmotivation genomfördes intervjuer med 8 respondenter på två skolor i en svensk kommun, som även fick besvara en enkät om arbetsmotivation. Studiens resultat tyder på att individuell lönesättning förvisso kan föranleda positiva arbetsmotivationseffekter hos personer som premieras med högre lön, men att de som missgynnas i den individuella lönesättningen riskerar att få mindre självdeterminerad arbetsmotivation och/eller minska sin arbetsinsats för att utjämna upplevd orättvisa. Utöver detta riskerar individuell lönesättning att försämra relationer mellan kollegor, vilket kan innebära att arbetsmotivation blir mindre självdeterminerad, både hos den som främjas av individuell lönesättning och den som missgynnas.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

No description available.

This study explored undergraduate and graduate students' attitudes toward the pleasurability of educational gamification in online learning environments. The study is a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research that investigated students' attitudes quantitatively, then qualitatively. In the quantitative phase, an online survey, the Pleasurable Learning Experiences scale (PLLEXs), was administrated at one of the largest public southwestern universities in the U.S. (N = 119). The qualitative phase involved conducting eight semi-structured interviews with selected participants. The PLLEXs uses a 4-point Likert scale that encompasses 4 subscales: (a) Preferences for Instructions, (b) Preferences for Instructors' Teaching Styles, (c) Preferences for Activities, and (d) Preferences for Learning Effectiveness. A series of analyses of variances (ANOVAs) were used to identify predictors of students' overall attitudes toward educational gamification. The main findings were: (a) students had strong preferences toward educational gamification with Preferences of Instructions rated the highest subscale and Preferences for Activities rated the lowest subscale, (b) major was a statistically significant predictor of students' attitudes toward educational gamification, (c) international students had statistically significant lower preferences toward educational gamification compared with U.S. domestic students, (c) online learning experiences measured by the number of previous online courses and the number of hours spent weekly on computers for academic-related work were statistically significant predictors of students' attitudes toward educational gamification, (d) instructor's feedback was the most important aspect and online collaboration was the most challenging aspect in online learning environments, and (e) the use of multimedia in LMSs can support or hinder teaching and learning activities.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is critical for children’s health and wellbeing. Despite the numerous health benefits, most Canadian children do not meet the Canadian PA guidelines. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions added new challenges to meeting the PA guidelines. Mobile health (mHealth) technology can be leveraged to promote PA among children. Combining gamification with mHealth interventions has the potential to further improve program effectiveness. Thus, “Draco” was developed as a virtual pet smartphone app to increase PA in children using self-determination theory as a framework to promote intrinsic motivation for PA. Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the satisfaction and acceptability of the Draco app after four weeks. Secondary objectives include evaluating the preliminary effectiveness of the Draco app to improve average daily steps, average daily MVPA, perceived autonomy for PA, perceived competence for PA, and perceived relatedness to the app. Methods: 43 Canadian children, aged 8-14 years old, not meeting the Canadian PA guidelines of 60min of MVPA per day were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. Participants in the control group used a step-tracking app for four weeks. Intervention participants were instructed to use the Draco app. Participants completed a baseline and follow-up questionnaire. PA outcomes were tracked using a Fitbit provided to each participant. Intrinsic PA motivation was assessed using an adapted version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Intrinsic motivation was assessed using the satisfaction subscale. Exit interviews were completed to determine app acceptability. Results: Participants demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the Draco app 2.83 (1.29). Intervention participants increased their average daily steps by 909 (1701). The control group increased their steps by 46 (1507). The Draco app had a small effect on promoting steps, MVPA, relatedness and small effects at increasing autonomy and competence. Conclusion: Participants demonstrated high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the app. Participants in the intervention group showed greater increases in PA with small effect sizes. Preliminary evidence highlights the importance of tailoring game design to the users. Technical limitations impacted recruitment and user experiences. Additional development time should be taken to stabilize the app and add new game features for a definitive RCT. / Graduate

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med undersökningen var att identifiera vetenskapligt grundade och enkla metoder för att öka fysisk aktivitet hos befolkningen.  Första frågeställningen lyder: kan en transparent nudge riktad mot det automatiska kognitiva systemet förändra valet mellan trappa och rulltrappa?  Andra frågeställningen är följaktligen: kan en kombination av transparenta nudges riktade mot de kognitiva automatiska och reflektiva systemen förändra valet av trappa och rulltrappa? Metod: Studiedesignen var en kvasiexperimentell interventionsstudie med retrospektiv kontrollgrupp. Undersökningen genomfördes på Uppsala Centralstation där två observatörer mätte antalet trapp- och rulltrappanvändare, två morgnar per vecka i tre veckor. Under andra veckan monterades nudges på marken i form av gröna fotsteg i riktning mot trapporna och under vecka tre kompletterades dessa av affischer med motiverande budskap.  Resultat: Resultatet visar att en kombination av transparenta nudges riktade mot det automatiska respektive det reflektiva systemet, korrelerar med ökat trappanvändande. Denna undersökning fann en ökning med 1.9 procentenheter (+7.3%, p=0.048). Effekten av en nudge riktad mot endast det automatiska kognitiva systemet har däremot inte statistisk signifikans där en antydande positiv utveckling av +1.5 procentenheter (+5.7%, p=0.121) kunde observeras.  Slutsats: Slutsatsen man kan dra av denna undersökning är att nudges som riktar sig mot båda kognitiva systemen kan ge effekt och vara enkla resurser vid interventioner där syftet är att öka motivationen för fysisk aktivitet. / <p>Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond 2023.</p>

Previous studies that have utilized the Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS) have performed their studies with the assumption that Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety is negatively correlated with oral skills, i.e. as anxiety increases, speaking skills decrease. In order to confirm this assumption, this study included a survey, the purpose of which is to measure three factors, in order to verify the possibility of other factors playing possibly bigger roles, among upper secondary school students in Sweden: the frequency of language use, their anxiety levels, and foreign language speaking skills. In order to be able to discuss the data thoroughly, this study includes theories regarding motivation, Self-Determination Theory, and Willingness to Communicate (WTC). The data showed that as the anxiety of the students increased, their language speaking skills decreased, i.e. a negative correlation was discovered. However, their frequency of foreign language use remained virtually the same, regardless of their anxiety levels, i.e. no strong correlation was discovered here. Lastly, the language skills of the students showed a weak positive correlation with their language use, i.e. the more they spoke, the higher their oral skills were. Therefore, the results of this study confirm previous studies claiming that foreign language speaking competence has a strong negative correlation with foreign language speaking anxiety.

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Varje år genomförs ungefär 3,5 miljoner personlighetsprofileringar med Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, MBTI ®. Det gör instrumentet till ett av de mest använda psykologiska testen i världen och det innebär att lika många människor får en etikett på sin personlighetstyp som kan användas på olika sätt. Det finns studier, till exempel av Carlyn, som talar för att MBTI är ett pålitligt instrument, men det finns också studier, till exempel av Pittenger, som hävdar motsatsen. James Michael menar att enbart MBTI ger en alltför inkomplett bild av en ledares beteende. Kanske är det klokt att komplettera MBTI med andra testinstrument för att få en komplettare bild av en individ.En modell som skulle kunna komplettera MBTI är motivationsteorin Self-Determination Theory, SDT, och tillhörande delteori General Causality Orientation, GCO. I denna studie jämförs MBTI med GCO och resultatet indikerar att autonomi orientation i GCO saknar kausala samband med MBTI medan controlled orientation och impersonal orientation har viss överlappning. Slutsatsen blir att de två modellerna mäter olika aspekter av personlighet och att de därför kan komplettera varandra. / Every year about 3.5 million personality profiles are made with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ®, MBTI ®. This should make the instrument one of the most widely used psychological tests in the world and it means that a lot of people get a description of their personality type that can be used in different ways. Some studies, for example by Carlyn, suggest that the MBTI is a reliable instrument, but there are also studies, for example by Pittenger, that claim otherwise. James Michael says that MBTI alone give an incomplete assessment of a leader's behavior. Perhaps it is wise to complete the MBTI with other test instruments to get a more complete profile of an individual.A model that could complement MBTI is Self-Determination Theory, SDT, and the related sub theory General Causality Orientation, GCO. This study compares MBTI with GCO and the results indicate that autonomy orientation in GCO has no causality with MBTI whereas controlled orientation and impersonal orientation has some overlapping. The conclusion is that the two models measure different aspects of personality and therefore they can complement each other.