My diploma thesis deals with the issue of mental hygiene as a field of personality and vocational development of future primary teachers. The aim of theoretical part is to summarize the facts about teacher's profession, which are an argument for systematic mental hygiene development of teacher students. One of the goals is to describe the study of teaching as my respondents in empirical part are future teachers. The next aim is to find answers to what attitudes, knowledge and skills should teachers have to be able to prevent burnout syndrome, to be resistant to stress and to be active in their approach to personality and professional development. The practical part was realized by a mixed research among students of the primary teaching who are in the 1st and the 5th grade. The research questions were: What is the approach of the students of teaching to the personality development in the 1st grade and in the 5th grade? What are the competencies of the future primary teachers in the 1st grade and in the 5th grade in a burnout area? To what extent do the future primary teachers know in the 1st grade and in the 5th grade about the risk of burnout (what does it cause, what are the manifestations of burnout and how to prevent it)? Data were collected by the questionnaire method. My research shows that...

As increasing emphasis is being placed on student college and career readiness, instructional approaches seek to develop content and skill proficiency. I gathered student perspectives on teacher expectations and instructional opportunities in core content classes in order to determine if expectation bias influences college readiness preparation in the classroom. Student academic self-concept and college readiness were examined alongside beliefs about teacher expectations and instructional opportunities in a conceptual framework for student perceptions. In this qualitative study, I utilized four focus groups of high school students from two cohorts to analyze perceptions across students from mostly on-level core classes and those from mostly advanced core classes. Findings showed students held high expectations of their own current and future performance, as well as perceived teachers generally hold high expectations, though this was shown through the development of relational capacity rather than instructional opportunities to develop college readiness skills or connect to students' future ambitions. The results of the study provide insight to educators seeking to create stronger connections for students between current educational experiences and future postsecondary opportunities.

Bakgrund: Självreflektion innebär att kunna iaktta sig själv, sina reaktioner och att kunnasamtala med sig själv om sina handlingar och om sina upplevelser. Det är ett medvetetsökande efter förståelse. Reflektion ger möjlighet att utveckla yrkesmässig medvetenhet omsitt eget sätt att fungera och reagera. Genom systematisk reflektion kan individen utvecklasoch koppla teori till praktik. Individen måste medvetet utvärdera sina erfarenheter för attkunna dra lärdom av dem. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors möjligheter till självreflektion inom psykiatriskvård. Metod: En integrativ litteraturstudie användes som metod. Data inhämtades från databasernaCinahl plus, PubMed och PsycINFO.Sammanlagt sex artiklar ligger till grund för resultat. Material har analyserats medWhittemore och Knafls (2005) analysmetod. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor behövde skapa utrymme för självreflektion. Studier visade attarbetsgivare behövde möjliggöra att självreflektion kunde utövas på arbetsplatsen ochmedarbetare måste värdesätta att självreflektion kunde fungera som ett hjälpmedel i denpsykiatriska omvårdnaden. Det var också viktigt att lärare och utbildare, i enutbildningssituation, var intresserade av individens lärande och hade kunskap om hur man lärut självreflektion. Slutsats: Möjligheter till självreflektion är tid, kunskap och en tillåtande miljö därsjuksköterskan eller sjuksköterskestudenten kan och vågar ställa frågor och där det finns engemensam norm som värdesätter självreflektion på arbetsplatsen. / Backgound: Self-reflection means being able to observe oneself, their reactions and beingable to talk to themselves about their actions and their experiences. It is a conscious search forunderstanding. Reflection provides the opportunity to develop professional awareness ofone ́s own way of functioning and reacting. Through systematic reflection, the individual candevelop and link theory to practice. The individual must consciously evaluate theirexperiences in order to learn from them. Aim: The purpose of this study is to elucidate nurses ́ opportunities for self-reflection inpsychiatric careMethod: An integrative literature study was used as a method. Data were obtained from thedatabases Cinahl Plus, PubMed and PSYCinfo. A total of six articles form the basis for theresult. The material has been analyzed using the Whittemore and Knafls (2005) method. Results: Nurses need to create space for self-reflection. The study showed that employersneeded to enable self-reflection to be exercised in the workplace and employees needed toappreciate that self-reflection could serve as an aid in psychiatric nursing. It was alsoeducators, in an educational situation, were interested in the individual ́s learning and hadknowledge of how to teach self-reflection. Conclusion: Opportunities for self-reflection are time, knowledge and a permissiveenvironment where the nurse or nurse student can and dare to ask questions and where there isa common norm that values self-reflection in the workplace.

The Education White Paper 6 has set South Africa on the course for implementing a policy of inclusive education and participation in its schools. It is argued that an essential criterion to establish the congruency between the inclusive education and participation policy and its implementation is the academic self-concept (ASC) of learners. The ASC is influenced by context, thereby including all the systems which contribute to context, such as the education, school, class and social systems. As the product of different factors in various systems, the ASC may have significant diagnostic value in a school and class system. For this study, the ASC of learners with hearing impairment (HI), as an example of an impairment to be included in schools, was explored, involving two public school contexts: special and full-service inclusion schools. The research design incorporated a multi- and mixed method design, as quantitative data, to measure, describe and analyse the nature of the ASC of learners with HI, was augmented with qualitative data, to further explore the nature of the relation between the ASC and HI, especially in respect of the dynamics of the ASC. The investigation entailed developing and administering ASC questionnaires to Grade Seven learners with and without HI in special and full-service inclusion schools, observing classroom interactions, conducting interviews with the principals, educators and learners with HI, and collecting background information on the learners with HI. In answer to the main research question, What is the ASC of Grade Seven learners with HI in the contexts of special and full-service inclusion schools?, the data suggested that school context (full-service inclusion or special schools) did not play a primary role in influencing the ASC of learners with HI. The first sub-question related to the role HI plays in the ASC of Grade Seven learners in the two school contexts. The results suggested that HI greatly influenced the first language ASC (LASC) of the learners with HI in the special school and one of the full-service schools. HI did not seem to play a strong role in the mathematics ASC (MASC) of learners with HI, provided that there was adequate and effective support for the learners with HI. The second sub-question addressed the outcome(s) related to the ASC of Grade Seven learners with HI, which could be regarded as indicative of the successful conversion of primary schools to full-service inclusion schools. The results suggested that a general ASC (GASC) and LASC which are moderately lower than the GASC and LASC of the learners with no HI, and a MASC that is similar to the MASC of the learners with no HI, is acceptable. The third sub-question addressed guidelines to improve the conversion of primary schools to full-service inclusion schools. From the data, early identification of HI, appropriate technical and early specialised learning support, and the accessibility and knowledge of educators appeared to contribute the most to the ASC of learners with HI. Understanding some of the functional and accidental limitations of the research places the findings and conclusions in perspective. / Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el impacto psicosocial de la estética dental con la discriminación auto percibida en pacientes ambulatorios de un hospital público en Lima. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 207 pacientes ambulatorios fueron encuestados en este estudio, de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 30 años. Para la evaluación del impacto psicosocial de la estética dental se utilizó el Cuestionario del Impacto Psicosocial de la Estética dental (PIDAQ). Asimismo, para la discriminación auto percibida se utilizó un pequeño cuestionario extraído de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares sobre Condiciones de Vida y Pobreza 2017. Además, se evaluaron otras variables como la edad, sexo, educación, ingreso económico, etnicidad y razón de discriminación. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de varianza tanto como para la asociación de las variables, así como para el cálculo de las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas. El nivel de confianza fue al 95% y el nivel de significancia se estableció como p < 0.05. Resultados: Los encuestados si se auto percibieron como discriminadas según el impacto psicosocial de su estética dental, observándose una asociación estadísticamente significativa positiva (RP 1.02 IC 95% 1.01 – 1.03). Conclusiones: Se observó que el impacto psicosocial de la estética dental se encuentra asociado con la discriminación auto percibida. Además, los pacientes que se auto perciben como discriminados en su mayoría son mujeres en promedio de veintitrés años, mestizos, con un ingreso económico medio bajo. / Aim: To evaluate the association between the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics with self-perceived discrimination in outpatients of a public hospital in Lima. Materials and Methods: A total of 207 outpatients were evaluated, between 18 and 30 years old. The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was evaluated with the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ). Likewise, for self-perceived discrimination, questions were selected from the Peruvian National Household Survey on Living Conditions and Poverty 2017. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, education, income, ethnicity and reason for discrimination were evaluated. The Poisson regression with robust estimator of variance was used for the association of the variables, as well as for the calculation of the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios. The confidence level was 95% and the level of significance was established as p <0.05. Results: Those surveyed perceived themselves as discriminated according to the psychosocial impact of their dental aesthetics, observing a positive significant association between both variables (PR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 –1.03). Conclusions: The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was found to be associated with self-perceived discrimination. In addition, those who self-perceived themselves discriminated were mostly women, of twenty-three years old on average, mestizos, with a low average economic income. / Tesis

Die wissenschaftliche Begleitung des Schulversuchs „Deutsch-Italienische Gesamtschule Wolfsburg“ hat u. a. eine empirische Untersuchung zur Leistungs- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung der Schüler an der Modellversuchsschule durchgeführt. In den Jahren 1996 bis 2006 erfolgten sowohl Quer- als auch Längsschnitterhebungen mit diversen Schulleistungstests sowie schriftliche Befragungen zu ausgewählten Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen der Schüler. An diese quantitativen Untersuchungen schlossen sich im Mai und Juni 2006 leitfadengestützte Gruppeninterviews mit Schülern der ersten drei Einschulungsjahrgänge an, die nach der 10. Klasse auf die gymnasiale Oberstufe eines Wolfsburger Gymnasiums gewechselt waren. Ziel dieser Interviews war es ein spezifisches Bild der „Deutsch-Italienischen Gesamtschule“ aus der Perspektive derer zu gewinnen, die einerseits zehn Jahre lang an dieser gelernt und gelebt haben, andererseits Erfahrungen an einer anderen Schule sammeln konnten. Als Ergebnisse lassen sich u.a. festhalten, dass der Entwicklung des Sozialverhaltens der Schüler an der Schule viel Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde. Daher ist die Mehrheit der Befragten auch der Meinung, ein höheres Maß an sozialer Kompetenz zu besitzen, als andere Jugendliche. Obgleich die befragten Schüler ihre Kompetenzen in den Fächern Deutsch und Italienisch als gut bis sehr gut einschätzen offenbaren sich gleichzeitig Übereinstimmungen bezüglich der Defizite der Ausbildung in einigen Unterrichtsfächern. Dies betrifft in erster Linie die naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer einschließlich Mathematik sowie Englisch. Bilanzierend beschreiben die interviewten Schüler die „Deutsch-Italienische Gesamtschule“ als einen Ort, an dem sie sich immer sehr wohl gefühlt und den sie gern besucht haben. Ihre Beziehung zu den Lehrern bezeichnen die Schüler übereinstimmend als sehr eng und freundschaftlich, das Verhältnis unter den Schülern als geprägt von Vertrautheit und einem starken Gemeinschaftsgefühl.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal relacionar el autoconcepto personal y la regulación emocional en role-players adultos peruanos. Se aplicaron el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Personal (Goñi, 2011) y el Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional ERQ (Gross y Jhon, 2003) a un grupo de 310 participantes peruanos, entre los 18 y 35 años de edad, y con el 88% de sexo femenino. Se encontró que las dimensiones del Autoconcepto Personal correlacionan positivamente con el factor Reevaluación Cognitiva de Regulación emocional. Así también, todos los factores de Autoconcepto Personal correlacionan negativamente con Supresión Emocional. Asimismo, los role-players con un personaje idol-kpop tienen mayores puntuaciones en las dimensiones de autonomía y honradez, a comparación de los role-players furry, debido a la retroalimentación recibida de su entorno. / The main objective of this study is to relate personal self-concept and emotional regulation in Peruvian adult role-players. The Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire (Goñi, 2011) and the ERQ Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross y Jhon, 2003) were applied to a group of 310 Peruvian participants, between 18 and 35 years of age, and with 88% of sex female. It was found that the Personal Self-concept variables have a positive correlation with cognitive reappraisal, this being the most used regulation tool. Furthermore, there is a negative relationship with the dimension of emotional suppression. Likewise, role-players with an idol-kpop character have higher scores in personal self-concept, especially in autonomy and honesty, compared to furry role-players. / Tesis

Background: The cosmetics industry has historically been associated with women, and much research has focused on them. However, the male cosmetics market has been growing rapidly for several years around the world. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to men and their new way of life and consumption. France, which is the world’s leading exporter of cosmetic products, is struggling to convince its domestic market. Even though many forecasts predicted the French market to be one of the most dynamic and fastest-growing markets in the world, the lack of attention in the literature regarding the behavior of French male consumers motivated us to carry out a study designed to identify and understand the potential reasons that could explain the delay in the development of the cosmetics market. Purpose: The objective of this study is to understand the behavior of male consumers in France towards cosmetic products. We observed their perceptions of concepts of masculinity, what it means to be a man, body image, self-concept, and perception of brands present in the French market. This study responds to the need of the literature in which attention to the behaviors and attitudes of men consuming cosmetic products has been poorly studied despite the rapid growth of these markets worldwide. The phenomenon of grooming among men in France is still poorly understood. Method: We studied the behavior of French male consumers based on the Consumer Decision-making Process (CDP) model and its phases: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase evaluation. We followed a qualitative methodology and conducted 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews with French male consumers of cosmetic products aged between 20 to 25 years. We used a non-random sampling method to select participants with experience with cosmetic products from our personal networks. Under an interpretivism paradigm, the results were analyzed using thematic qualitative data analysis to discover new emerging themes in the French socio-cultural context. Findings: The results show that our participants encounter difficulties in defining their conceptions of masculinity and manhood, and openly criticize the traditional masculine stereotypes in French society and the consequences they have on relationships with others. As a result, they do not recognize themselves in the brand images and promotional campaigns of major cosmetic brands because they are considered too traditional and stereotypical. Moreover, the respondents say they are exclusively interested in their personal well-being, which implies that they buy cosmetic products to meet physiological needs, without worrying about aesthetic considerations imposed by others. We also observed that our participants do not use online distribution channels because they are concerned about the human relationship of physical outlets. The men we interviewed have great confidence in the cosmetic products recommended by health professionals. Therefore, they usually buy their products in pharmacies or parapharmacy, and more generally in supermarkets for classic products for accessibility reasons. The quality and effectiveness of cosmetic products are at the heart of the participants’ concerns. This study contributes to the understanding of male cosmetic consumer behavior, which may be useful for marketers wishing to adjust their strategies based on our empirical observations.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de los alumnos respecto al uso de simulación en el curso Prácticas Preclínicas Odontológicas 1 en una universidad privada de la ciudad de Lima en el año 2020. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se evaluaron 121 alumnos de sexto a décimo ciclo. La percepción y sus dimensiones: satisfacción, autoconfianza y buenas prácticas educacionales fueron evaluadas mediante una encuesta con alto nivel de confiabilidad (0.89), modificada y adaptada para la presente investigación comprobando coeficientes para su uso: V de Aiken, Alfa de Cronbach, Test-Retest (Spearman), clasificada en las modalidades de práctica de habilidades y escenarios, adicionalmente la simulación en general, basada en la escala de Likert (1 al 5). Se obtuvo la media y desviación estándar para la variable percepción, así como el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y las pruebas U de Mann Whitney y Kruskal Wallis para evaluar covariables. Resultados: Los estudiantes calificaron positivamente a la simulación obteniéndose una media por encima de 4 respecto a las prácticas de habilidades, escenarios y simulación en general siendo estas 4.42 ± 0.49, 4.14 ± 0.63 y 4.73 ± 0.66 respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la percepción de las primeras prácticas preclínicas con las variables edad, género, ciclo y experiencia previa. Conclusión: La percepción de los estudiantes respecto al uso de simulación en el curso Prácticas Preclínicas Odontológicas 1 obtuvo un alto puntaje y no se encuentra relacionada con las variables estudiadas según la encuesta modificada y adaptada. / Objective: To evaluate the perception of students regarding the use of simulation on the curse Early Preclinical Dental Practices 1 at a private university in the city of Lima in 2020. Materials and methods: The design of the study was observational, descriptive and cross-sectional type. A number of 121 students from third year to senior year were evaluated. The perception and its dimensions: satisfaction, self-confidence and good educational practices were evaluated by a survey with a high level of reliability (0.89), modified and adapted for the present investigation, checking coefficients for its use: Aiken’s V, Cronbach’s Alpha, Test-Retest (Spearman), classified in ability, scenario and general simulation practices. The mean and standard deviation were obtained for the perception variable, as well as the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis tests to evaluate covariates. Results: The students rated the simulation positively with an average of over 4 regarding the ability, scenario and general simulation practices. They got 4.42 ± 0.49, 4.14 ± 0.63 y 4.73 ± 0.66 respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the perception of early preclinical practices with the variables age, gender, year of study and previous experience. Conclusion: The perception of students regarding the use of simulation on the curse Early Preclinical Dental Practices 1 got a high score and it is not related with the variables studied, according to the survey modified and adapted. / Tesis

Introduction: Objective: to determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in a vegan population of Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: a total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in a virtual way. To evaluate self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were registered. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of variables, and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95 % and the significance level was p < 0.05. Results and conclusions: a statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and/or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans. / Introducción: Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en una población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos: un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganas) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y los hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autorreporte de enfermedad periodontal, que se encuentra validado con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,77. Además se registraron otras variables como la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico, el grado de estudio y el consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de la varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue del 95 % y el de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP = 0,67; IC 95 %: 0,25-0,54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP = 0,43; IC 95 %: 0,33-0,56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión del sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y las no veganas. / Revisión por pares