Globally, billions of people live in temporary shelters due to poverty, and every year millions of refugees and disaster affected individuals are forced to live in temporary shelters such as Standardised Emergency Relief Tents (SERTs). The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has spent millions of US dollars annually on tents, blankets and mattresses. The tents used are designed as temporary accommodation; in reality they sometimes become homes for a number of years when the return to permanent shelter is slow or unaffordable. While the SERT aims to adhere to humanitarian standards for basic shelter provision, this type of construction is ultimately designed to be quick to deploy, using lightweight and cost effective materials. Consequently, SERTs have been known to provide an extremely thermally uncomfortable place to live in different climates, requiring stove heating in cold climates and being impractical to keep cool in hot climates. Little research has been done to determine whether this situation could be improved. The thermal comfort performance of a real SERT in a known UK climate was investigated, to explore the science behind the experience of real users. Measurements were made in the SERT over a 6 month period and the observations quantitatively analysed in order to characterise and explain the tent s response to a range of outdoor conditions. The predicted thermal comfort in the SERT was calculated using a variety of suitable metrics. The data collected in a UK climate was used to develop and validate computational models of the SERT, which have applications in any world climate. Based on quantitative analysis of the SERT models performances in cold, temperate and hot climates, conclusions were drawn regarding the suitability of the SERT for use in each climate. The computational models of the SERT were modified in geometry and material, with the aim of improving the predicted thermal comfort in the SERT in hot and cold climates. The effectiveness of these design changes was analysed, and recommendations for improvements to the SERT were made. These recommendations could be used by SERT manufacturers and key humanitarian organisations in order to facilitate design modifications.

FURLAN, Vinicius. A história de Davi: metamorfoses na identidade e o (pós)abrigamento. 2015. 129f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-29T23:20:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_vfurlan.pdf: 1051341 bytes, checksum: 91544ab57ded874746609eede56d1e4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-29T23:30:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_vfurlan.pdf: 1051341 bytes, checksum: 91544ab57ded874746609eede56d1e4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T23:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_vfurlan.pdf: 1051341 bytes, checksum: 91544ab57ded874746609eede56d1e4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This dissertation is about a study to understand the identity metamorphosis of those who lived in shelters. It used the life story narrative methodology, so the subject of this research could tell his story. The empirical material of this study is about the narrative of a person we will call Davi. The construction of this dissertation text was divided in three big moments: first, it was realized a bibliographic study about the production and discussions about this theme, and, from there, was built the first chapter, a historical contextualization about the theme, that conforms an explanation of the practices and policies of the residential care for children and adolescents over the history of Brazil until nowadays. The second part shows the theoretical discussion that supports this dissertation. In this sense, it was brought the discussions about identity proposed by Ciampa (1987), and their updates, with collaborations of Almeida (2005) and Lima (2010), besides others Critical Social Psychology authors. The last part is about Davi’s narrative story, as well as the analysis and discussions built from it. In this stage, an attempt was made to interweave the two moments before the narrative, like the threads of a fabric that intertwine between the plot and the warp. Davi’s story sets the singularity of a life full of struggle, in the constant search of building his autonomy. He lived in the shelter throughout his childhood and returned to his family when he was 10-years-old, after 7 years without getting in touch with them. After returning to his family, he had to work since he was a little boy to help to sustain his home, as well as asking for money at traffic lights and living in the streets sometimes. Throughout his story, some other characters appear: the caregiver-responsible-for-the-family, who shows up during his childhood, the worker-scrap-collector-boy and the traffic-light-juggler-boy, the graffiti, the rap-song-writer, the hip-hop-culture-dancer, the athlete, the husband-and-family-father, the social-educator, the advertising-person and the activist-for-the-rights-of-children-and-adolescents. Davi reports a story of struggle for the construction of his autonomy, a story that, although singular, expresses so many other silenced stories of people who live or lived in shelters. / Esta dissertação trata de um estudo que visou compreender as metamorfoses da identidade de quem viveu em situação de abrigamento. Para tanto, recorremos à metodologia de narrativa de história de vida, a fim de que o sujeito participante da pesquisa pudesse narrar sua história. Deste modo, o material empírico deste estudo refere-se à narrativa de uma pessoa chamada aqui de Davi. A construção do texto da dissertação foi organizada em três grandes momentos: primeiro foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico acerca das produções e discussões sobre o tema, e, a partir disso, construímos o primeiro capítulo, que se constitui de uma contextualização histórica acerca da temática pesquisada, que conforma uma explanação das práticas e políticas de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes ao longo da história do Brasil até os dias de hoje; o segundo momento apresenta a discussão teórica que sustenta esta dissertação. Nesse sentido, trazemos as discussões sobre identidade propostas por Ciampa (1987), bem como as atualizações desta perspectiva com colaborações de Almeida (2005) e Lima (2010), além de outros autores alinhados à Psicologia Social Crítica; e o último momento trata da narrativa da história de Davi, bem como das análises e discussões produzidas a partir dela. Nessa etapa buscamos entretecer os dois momentos anteriores à narrativa, como os fios de um tecido que se entrelaçam entre a trama e o urdume. A história de Davi marca a singularidade de uma vida de muita luta e labuta na busca constante da construção de sua autonomia. Viveu no abrigo durante sua infância e retorna ao convívio familiar aos 10 anos, depois de viver 7 anos sem contato com a família. Ao retornar à família, precisou trabalhar desde menino para ajudar no sustento da casa, além de ter de pedir dinheiro no semáforo e ter ficado em situação de rua em alguns momentos. No decorrer da história vão emergindo e aparecendo outras tantas personagens: o cuidador-responsável-pela-família, que aparece na infância, o menino-trabalhador-catador-de-sucata e o menino-que-faz-malabares-no-semáforo, o grafiteiro, o escritor-de-letra-rap, o dançarino-que-promove-a-cultura-hip-hop, o atleta, o marido-e-pai-de-família, o educador-social, o publicitário e o militante-dos-direitos-de-crianças-e-adolescentes. Davi revela uma história de luta pela construção da autonomia e que, embora singular, possibilita expressar ainda outras tantas histórias silenciadas de pessoas que vivem ou viveram em situação de abrigamento.

O presente estudo compreende uma pesquisa que investigou o trabalho de educador de abrigo institucional. Este estabelecimento destinado a crianças e adolescentes com Medida de Proteção encontra-se vinculado à Alta Complexidade da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS), a qual vem estruturando ações e serviços para os cidadãos que dela necessitam. Nesse sentido, afirmando a Assistência Social enquanto campo de trabalho, problematizamos as configurações do capitalismo contemporâneo, engendrando os modos de trabalhar e de subjetivar neste contexto, bem como recorremos a duas abordagens das denominadas Clínicas do Trabalho, Ergologia e Clínica da Atividade, de modo a subsidiar as análises do trabalho na Assistência Social enquanto atividade. Utilizando diferentes pistas da estratégia cartográfica de pesquisa, a qual possibilita acompanhar processos, foi possível estar na situação de trabalho com os trabalhadores realizando encontros coletivos pelos quais buscamos tangenciar a experiência de dizer o trabalho. Com isso, foram produzidos diálogos, portadores de expressão e conteúdo, na condição de analisadores da atividade de trabalho. O trabalho implica uma gestão dos afetos que são engendrados nas relações com os acolhidos e demais trabalhadores a qual nenhuma dimensão prescritiva é capaz de antecipar. Face ao vazio de normativas acerca dos modos operatórios do trabalho de educar, o coletivo de trabalho configura-se enquanto um recurso para o enfrentamento das provações do real do trabalho o qual comporta um drama a ser vivido entre o controle e a produção de vida. A partir desse estudo, apontamos para a necessidade de catalisar intervenções que convoquem o trabalhador-educador na função de analista dos movimentos processuais de seu trabalho enquanto atividade, cultivando o ofício e produzindo trans-formações no e pelo trabalho, o qual implica diretamente a relação com as crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento institucional. / The present study comprises a research that intended to investigate the work of institutional shelter educators. The facility focuses on children and adolescents under protection measure and it is connected to the high complexity of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), which has been structuring programs and services for citizens who need it. In that sense, affirming the Social Assistance as the field of work, we question the settings of contemporary capitalism, engendering the ways of working and subjectifying this context, we also resort to two approaches of so-called Labor Clinics, Ergology and Clinic of Activity in order to support the analysis of social work as an activity. Using different traces from the cartographic research strategy, which enables to monitor processes, it was possible to be in a work situation with the workers, performing collective encounters by which we seek to approach the experience of saying the work. Thus, dialogues were produced, carrying expression and content, as analyzers of the work activity. The work on institutional sheltering puts workers- educators to the test intensely, especially considering the lack of norms about how to do the work. This entails the management of the emerged relations between sheltered and workers, requiring the use of the self through the relationships and the various standards that they cross. These different axes compose the experience of working as an educator who is transversed by a number of aspects of the norms and institutions.

A pesquisa Aquilo que nos cerca, aquilo que cercamos: abrigo, matéria e afeto, desenvolve-se tendo como foco minha produção artística que tem como principais procedimentos a apropriação e justaposição de elementos na constituição de instalações e objetos. Trata-se da minha relação com materiais e objetos que surge através de questões afetivas ligadas à memória. O presente estudo visa a análise desta produção a partir de três questões principais: o sentido do abrigo e do habitar, que estão relacionados às memórias da casa natal e experiências vindas da infância, representadas pela casa, o quintal, a cidade e a cabana. A apropriação e a bricolagem, que surgem como procedimentos operacionais que associo à ideia de pertencimento e afeto. A materialidade, ao constatar a precariedade dos materiais, que tende a uma efemeridade e transitoriedade da obra. / The research, What surrounds us, what we surround: shelter, material and affection, develops focusing on my artistic production whose main procedures of appropriation and juxtaposition of elements in the constitution of facilities and objects. It concerns my relationship with materials and objects that arises through affective questions to memory. This study aims to examine this production from three axes guiding: a sense of shelter and dwell, which are related to the birthplace memories and goings childhood experiences, represented by the house, the yard, the city and the hut. The appropriation and bricolage, arising as operating procedures that I associate the idea of belonging and affection. The materiality, to attest the precariousness of the material, which tends to an ephemerality and transitory of the work.

O presente trabalho trata de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada em uma instituição de acolhimento de crianças de zero a seis anos, situada na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi desenhada a partir de demandas construídas coletivamente com a equipe técnica, a presidência e as cuidadoras da instituição de acolhimento. A história do local pesquisado é atravessada pelas histórias da tuberculose e do bairro, que contextualizam o momento e auxiliam na compreensão das relações entre a instituição de acolhimento e as crianças/famílias. Como análise das práticas de abrigamento três analisadores foram escolhidos: chave, cortina e dinheiro. Através de cada um deles foi possível analisar a instituição acolhimento no que tange ao trabalho exercido pelos profissionais assim como às práticas de cuidado que vêm sendo adotadas na assistência à infância atual, especialmente na instituição de acolhimento onde a pesquisa foi realizada. Foi possível perceber que as práticas de abrigamento estão diretamente relacionadas à visão que os funcionários, equipe, presidência e direção têm das crianças abrigadas, levando à reflexão a respeito de a qual infância essas criancas têm direito / This paper is an intervention research performed in a host institution for children from zero to six years old, situated in the Western area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research was drawn from demands collectively constructed with the technical team, the presidency and the caregivers of the host institution. The history of the place researched is crossed by the history of tuberculosis and the neighborhood, that contextualize the moment and help to understand the relationship between the host institution and the children/families. To analyze the practices of shelter three analyzers were chosen: key, curtain and money. Through each it was possible to analyze the host institution in relation to the work done by professionals as well as the care practices that have been adopted in the current childhood care, especially in the host institution where the research was conducted. It could be observed that the practices of shelter are directly related to the vision that employees, staff, presidency and direction have of the sheltered children, leading to reflect on childhood which these children are entitled

A presente dissertação analisa narrativas de jovens que estiveram abrigados numa instituição pública, entre os anos de 1992 a 2001 e problematiza as práticas de Assistência em Abrigos. Este período foi marcado pela transição entre o Código de Menores e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), quando várias ações foram propostas para mudanças nas instituições de abrigagem. Nesse sentido, a permanência de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos suscita discussões entre os operadores de direitos. Através do método da história oral, realizei entrevistas com três jovens, que falam sobre suas experiências com a abrigagem. As narrativas destes jovens são a via escolhida para analisar práticas que constituíam a proteção especial em abrigos naquele período, as formas como os jovens experimentaram a passagem por abrigos e as condições de subjetivação de jovens abrigados. Além das narrativas, considerei registros de documentos, de reportagens de jornais, relatórios de conferências sobre as políticas de assistência no país. Valendo-me do referencial teórico foucaultiano, analiso as relações de poder que estão presentes nestas práticas, capazes de produzir subjetividades, que se pautam por lógicas que não apenas dividem, excluem, mas também incluem jovens nas estatísticas da criminalização, da marginalização e da vulnerabilidade. Constatamos no abrigo a existência de políticas antagônicas e divergentes no atendimento aquela população. As marcas da institucionalização e a transitoriedade habitam suas vidas, possuem dificuldades de concluir ou fixar-se em atividades, em construir histórias diferentes das prescritas nas experiências de abrigados. O período de transição do Código de Menores para o ECA na proteção em abrigos apresenta marcas de uma política pública fragmentada, com dificuldade de articular-se tanto no processo de ingresso, como de saída destes jovens do abrigo. / The present dissertation examines the narratives of young people who were housed in a public institution, from 1992 to 2001 and discusses the practice of assistance in shelters. This period was marked by the transition between the Code of Children and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, when several actions were proposed for changes in the shelters. In this sense, the permanence of children and adolescents in shelters enables discussions among the operators of rights. Using the method of oral interviews with three youngsters about their history, they talk about their experiences in shelters. The narratives of these young people was the chosen method to analyze practices that constitute the special protection in shelters during that period, the ways in which young people experience the passage through shelters and the conditions of subjectivity of the sheltered youngsters. Besides the narratives, I have considered records from registries of documents, newspapers reports, conferences reports on the policies in the country. Using the Foucaultian theoretical referential, I analyze the power in relationships that is present in these practices, able to produce subjectivities that are governed by logic, which not only divide, exclude, but also include young people in the statistics of criminalization, marginalization and vulnerability. We found the existence of divergent and antagonistic policy in attendance to that population in the shelter. The marks of institutionalization and the transitory lives they live, having difficulties in completing or setting up activities, to build different stories from those prescribed for the sheltered. The transition period between the Code of the Minor to the Child and Adolescent Statute in the protection in shelters presents marks of a fragmented public policy, with difficulties related to the joining and the leaving of young people.

Além de separar claramente os papéis de instituições voltadas ao acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes enquanto medida de proteção (abrigos) e os de instituições voltadas ao cumprimento de medidas sócio-educativas, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA,1990) propõe novas diretrizes para o acolhimento de crianças e adolescentes que ainda estão longe de serem completamente implementadas por todas as instituições brasileiras. Esta pesquisa analisa o contexto institucional, rotinas, práticas cotidianas e estrutura física de dois abrigos voltados ao acolhimento de adolescentes do município de Porto Alegre – um governamental e uma ONG – com o objetivo de identificar possíveis diversidades nas práticas destas instituições e avaliar se esses ambientes de abrigo estão oferecendo um espaço referencial e reorganizador para os abrigados. A pesquisa investiga também se estes ‘novos’ ambientes estão conseguindo oferecer um espaço continente e de ressignificação das experiências traumáticas anteriores que levaram à situação de abrigamento, reconhecendo quais práticas se distinguem das executadas nas grandes instituições. A pesquisa segue uma metodologia qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, denominada ‘descrição de cunho etnográfico’. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo das narrativas dos adolescentes e adultos entrevistados. Os resultados apontam para a importância de um acolhimento personalizado e em pequenas unidades onde é possível oferecer um acolhimento mais continente ao processo adolescente, e o reconhecimento da importância dos adultos cuidadores, especialmente monitores, como pessoas significativas para os adolescentes. Ainda em relação ao importante papel dos monitores, a pesquisa levanta vários questionamentos em relação aos papéis atribuídos a estes monitores e sobre as dificuldades no atendimento quando ao invés de serem cuidadores, no sentido mais amplo da palavra, esses adultos se tornam apenas pessoas destinadas a controlar e monitorar a vida dos abrigados. A pesquisa investiga ainda a intricada relação entre o caráter provisório da medida de proteção, preconizada pelo ECA, e a necessidade do estabelecimento de vínculos entre cuidadores e abrigados e de realizar um trabalho de médio e longo prazo, visando ressignificar suas histórias. / In addition to clearly separating the roles of institutions oriented towards the protection of children and adolescents between those which serve as measures of protection (shelters) and those of a social-educative orientation, the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA, 1990) proposes new directives for sheltering children and adolescents, although, as of the present date, not all Brazilian institutions have fully implemented these guidelines. This current research analyses the institutional context, routines, daily practices and physical structures of two shelters that receive children and adolescents in the town of Porto Alegre – one governmental and the other non-governmental (NGO) – with the principal goal of identifying possible differences between the practices of these two institutions and evaluating if these shelter environments are offering referential and reorganising spaces to the sheltered. This research also investigates whether these ‘new’ environments are offering a continent space, capable of promoting resignification of the previous traumatic experiences that lead to sheltering, whilst identifying the practices which are distinct from those conducted at large institutions. The research follows a descriptive, qualitative methodology, called 'description of an ethnographic nature', based on the Content Analysis method of the narratives of interviewed adults and adolescents. The results point towards the importance of both personalised attendance and the use of small units, where it is possible to offer a more continent holding of the adolescent process, and shows the importance of the caring adults, especially the monitors, as meaningful figures to the adolescents. With respect to the important role of the monitors, this research raises several questions related to the roles attributed to these monitors and to the difficulties observed when, instead of taking care of the adolescents, the monitors are focus purely on the control and observation of the sheltered ones lives. This research also investigates the intricate relationship between the provisory nature of the measure of protection, as praised by ECA, and the need to establish bonds between the carers and the sheltered, as well as the necessity of a medium and long-term continuation of the holding process, as a means of permitting a resignification of the sheltered-one’s life stories.

abstract: Previous research has indicated that certain breeds of dogs stay longer in shelters than others; however exactly how breed perception and identification influences potential adopters' decisions remains unclear. Current dog breed identification practices in animal shelters are often based upon information supplied by the relinquishing owner, or staff determination based on the dog's phenotype. However discrepancies have been found between breed identification as typically assessed by welfare agencies and the outcome of DNA analysis. In Study 1, the perceived behavioral and adoptability characteristics of a pit-bull-type dog were compared with those of a Labrador Retriever and Border Collie. How the addition of a human handler influenced those perceptions was also assessed. In Study 2, lengths of stay and perceived attractiveness of dogs that were labeled as pit bull breeds to dogs that were phenotypically similar but were labeled as another breed at an animal shelter were compared. The latter dogs were called "lookalikes." In Study 3, perceived attractiveness in video recordings of pit-bull-type dogs and lookalikes with and without breed labels were compared. Lastly, data from an animal shelter that ceased applying breed labeling on kennels was analyzed, and lengths of stay and outcomes for all dog breeds, including pit bulls, before and after the change in labeling practice were compared. In total, these findings suggest that breed labeling influences potential adopters' perceptions and decision-making. Given the inherent complexity of breed assignment based on morphology coupled with negative breed perceptions, removing breed labels is a relatively low-cost strategy that will likely improve outcomes for dogs in animal shelters. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2015

abstract: Each year, nearly three million dogs will enter one of over 13,000 animal shelters in the United States. The purpose of this dissertation is to better understand how breed identity and dog welfare in the shelter, in addition to post-adoption and fostering interventions out of the shelter, can contribute to the betterment of dog lives. In Chapter 2, I conducted the largest sampling of shelter dogs’ breed identities to-date to determine their breed heritage and compare shelter breed assignment by staff as determined by visual appearance to that of genetic testing. In Chapter 4, I examined the efficacy of a post-adoption intervention intended to reduce returns by encouraging physical activity between adopters and their dogs. In Chapter 6, I examined the effects of brief stays in a foster home on the urinary cortisol: creatinine ratios of dogs awaiting adoption compared to ratios collected before or after their stays; and in Chapter 7, I characterized the relationships between multiple physiological, health, and cognitive measures and the in-kennel behavior of shelter dogs. Four suggestions from the findings of this dissertation that will likely better the lives of dogs living in animal shelters are: 1) Shelter dog breed heritage is complex and visually identifying multiple breeds in a mixed breed dog is difficult at best. Shelters should instead focus on communicating the morphology and behavior of the dogs in their care to best support adopters. 2) While encouraging walking did not influence owner behavior, adopters who reported higher obligation and self-efficacy in dog walking were more active with their dogs. Thus, post-adoption interventions that can effectively target owner perceptions of obligation and self-efficacy may be more successful in changing behavior. 3) Temporary fostering is an impactful intervention that reduces stress for dogs awaiting adoption; however addressing stressors present at shelters that are likely contributing to higher stress responding is also needed. 4) It is possible to predict the internal stress responding of shelter dogs by observing their overt, in-kennel behavior, and this study is a first step in assessing and improving the welfare of dogs living in animal shelters. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2018

O presente trabalho trata de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada em uma instituição de acolhimento de crianças de zero a seis anos, situada na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi desenhada a partir de demandas construídas coletivamente com a equipe técnica, a presidência e as cuidadoras da instituição de acolhimento. A história do local pesquisado é atravessada pelas histórias da tuberculose e do bairro, que contextualizam o momento e auxiliam na compreensão das relações entre a instituição de acolhimento e as crianças/famílias. Como análise das práticas de abrigamento três analisadores foram escolhidos: chave, cortina e dinheiro. Através de cada um deles foi possível analisar a instituição acolhimento no que tange ao trabalho exercido pelos profissionais assim como às práticas de cuidado que vêm sendo adotadas na assistência à infância atual, especialmente na instituição de acolhimento onde a pesquisa foi realizada. Foi possível perceber que as práticas de abrigamento estão diretamente relacionadas à visão que os funcionários, equipe, presidência e direção têm das crianças abrigadas, levando à reflexão a respeito de a qual infância essas criancas têm direito / This paper is an intervention research performed in a host institution for children from zero to six years old, situated in the Western area of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research was drawn from demands collectively constructed with the technical team, the presidency and the caregivers of the host institution. The history of the place researched is crossed by the history of tuberculosis and the neighborhood, that contextualize the moment and help to understand the relationship between the host institution and the children/families. To analyze the practices of shelter three analyzers were chosen: key, curtain and money. Through each it was possible to analyze the host institution in relation to the work done by professionals as well as the care practices that have been adopted in the current childhood care, especially in the host institution where the research was conducted. It could be observed that the practices of shelter are directly related to the vision that employees, staff, presidency and direction have of the sheltered children, leading to reflect on childhood which these children are entitled