I uppsatsen undersöks det hur dialekt används för att förmedla samhörighet och samhällsklass i filmerna Smala Sussie och Bröllopsfotografen, regisserade av Ulf Malmros. Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka förståelsen för hur dialekt används för att skapa gemenskap och social status, dessutom jämförs dialektbruket i de två filmerna. Metoden som används är en kvalitativ textanalys. För att analysera filmerna används ackommoderingsteorin, som handlar om hur, när och varför människor anpassar sin kommunikation efter andra talare.  Resultaten visar att dialekt används för att signalera gemenskap såväl som social status. Karaktärernas språk placerar dem alltså i olika gemenskaper och samhällsklasser. I Smala Sussie används dialekt främst för att visa på vilken social status karaktärerna har och övergripande tillhör rollfigurerna en lägre samhällsklass, eftersom de pratar mycket dialekt. I Bröllopsfotografen används dialekt i stället främst för att visa på hur huvudkaraktären Robins språk skiljer honom från de andra som inte pratar dialekt, alltså hur hans språk gör att han inte är en naturlig del av gemenskapen. Det finns också spår av både konvergens och divergens, det vill säga att karaktärerna vid vissa tillfällen anpassar sitt språk efter andra talare, medan de i andra situationer inte gör det. Likheterna mellan filmerna är många rent språkmässigt. Drag som återkommer är tjockt L, sch-ljudet, att ljud faller bort i slutet av ord eller att ljud byts ut, exempelvis kan /e/ bli /ä/ eller /o/ bli /ö/. Den dialekt som pratas av karaktärerna kan alltså placeras inom Värmlands gränser.

Education is a crucial site and primary driver of elite status maintenance and reproduction. Decades of research highlight how elite colleges and universities use various forms of gatekeeping to admit and represent the interests of dominant groups. This body of research explains that most elite private schools served White, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant upper-class children, preparing them to be the country's future leaders. These schools and colleges work together, creating well-trodden pipelines for young elites. However, there is limited research considering how parents think about securing their child's place in elite schools or how organizations external to the educational institutions facilitate this decision-making process. What logics of justification and frameworks do parents and organizations use to secure their child's place in the proven pipeline for elites? This dissertation investigates how parents and organizations decide to socialize children in elite independent schools, beginning at preschool or kindergarten. The empirical context for this work is the early admissions process for independent schools in New York City. I draw on 52 interviews with parents, ten interviews with expert service providers, and 24 months of ethnographic fieldwork at a for-profit educational consulting firm that supports families in the elite independent school admissions process. By centering parents and early childhood admissions, I examine a critical moment when parental decision-making and organizational maneuvering have the potential to impact life-long outcomes. I also highlight how social positions of race, class, and gender complicate parental and organizational logics. The first chapter introduces this dissertation’s motivating research questions and situates it within the broader literature on elites, parental investments during early childhood, rising inequalities and the fear of downward mobility, and the literature on educational admissions. In Chapter 2, I examine the parenting logics of justification during the early childhood admissions process. I argue that parents have "speculative projects" for their children, defined as ideas parents have about their children's imagined futures that underlie parents' day-to-day choices. I examine how parents allocate resources to these speculative projects and how education shapes the projects. Chapter 3 illustrates how organizations facilitate and influence parental decisionmaking. I present research on how brokers of the educational marketplace – in this case, educational consultants – regularly realign the moral boundaries of their work to justify profiting off their chosen commodity – in this case, the potential outcomes of young children. I also demonstrate how educational consultants make tremendous non-economic gains through their line of work, gaining trust and being seen as “experts” in a high-status social field. Chapter 4 examines how parents feel about their decisions one year later. I review their range of outcomes and show how other social positions mediate their ability to access privileged spaces and identities. Finally, I end with Chapter 5, highlighting the broader implications of this work and directions for future research. Together, these chapters illuminate how parents of young children attempt to understand, navigate, and manage elite educational admissions processes under conditions of uncertainty. This work has broader implications for understanding the cultural meaning and the social value of children in the 21st century, a time when parents are placing a premium on education amidst a landscape of unprecedented economic inequality.

No description available.

<p>Sex differences, hormones and intrasexual competition and their relation to social status and romantic partner attraction were examined, uniting two bodies of literature: status-striving and romantic attraction. In Chapter 2 different forms of social status, (i.e., dominance, power, popularity, prestige) were examined as they relate to testosterone levels in men and women. Factor analysis revealed that dominance was a separate psychological construct from power, popularity and prestige. Furthermore, a positive association was shown between dominance and testosterone levels whereas lower testosterone levels were associated with the power, popularity and prestige composite. In Chapter 3 psychopathy and indirect aggression were examined in relation to cortisol levels, again in men and women. Results indicated that lower cortisol levels were associated with primary psychopathy and higher cortisol levels were associated with secondary psychopathy, in women only. Results also showed that primary psychopathy but not secondary psychopathy was positively correlated with indirect aggression. In Chapter 4, romantic attraction was examined from an evolutionary perspective to predict the characteristics of people who invade an existing romantic relationship as well as those characteristics that predict people who are targets for defection away from their primary romantic relationship. In men, successful mate poaching was best predicted by high self-esteem, cold affect, and criminal tendencies. These men also showed lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of cortisol. In women, physical attractiveness best predicted success in mate poaching. For both sexes, physical attractiveness also determined the frequency of being a target for a poach. Collectively, these studies provide evidence to support behavioural patterns that are consistent with evolutionary ideas relating to social status acquisition and romantic attraction.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This study concentrates on the social status of women in one southern town during the late nineteenth century and the Progressive Era.

The purpose of this study is fourfold: (1) to determine the relationship between sociometric status and specific physique types; (2) to determine the relationship between personal appearance and sociometric status; (3) to determine the relationship between sociometric status and physical defects; (4) to determine the relationship between sociometric status and chronic absenteeism.

社會學研究心理健康關注焦點在了解社會因素如何造成心理困擾的發生，其中教育是重要的一環，教育程度的提升有助於身心健康。在社會變遷的脈絡下台灣的教育結構產生變化，高等教育擴張帶來諸多影響，教育對健康的意義可能有所改變，因此高等教育擴張後不同的教育類別是否會產生各種期望上落差的因素出現心理健康的差異是本文的研究課題。 本文使用台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫後續調查 (TEPS-B) 2010年以及台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫 (TEPS) 2003年高中職五專學生與家長問卷資料，嘗試了解教育擴張後大學水平分化的結果是否會透過經濟資源（如學以致用、工作收入）、主觀地位與社會資本造成不同教育類別在這些因素上的差異進而產生對心理健康的效應，並使用一系列迴歸分析與Bootstrapping檢驗這些因素之間的關聯性。 研究結果發現，相對於專科以下，國立一般大學與私立一般大學憂鬱程度較低，教育對心理健康的直接效果得到部分支持。國立一般大學、國立科技大學愈能在工作上發揮所學進而憂鬱情緒較低，國立一般大學與私立一般大學主觀地位較高，進而降低憂鬱情緒，因此教育會透過學以致用與主觀地位對心理健康產生效果，工作收入無顯著差異，社會資本與過去研究結果相異，教育的間接效果得到部分支持。希冀透過檢視上述的各種因素能對於其中的樣貌有更清楚的掌握。 / To figure out how does social causes lead mental illness to be occurred is what the mental health of sociological study focus on, and the education plays an important role in this statement, which means the higher education will make the better physical and mental status. Under the expansion of higher education in Taiwan, it might have changed the meaning in education to health. The purpose of this research is to realize the direct and indirect effect on mental health whether different education category have different kinds of causes leads to mental health discrepancy after the expansion of higher education. Based on the both data of Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond (TEPS-B) 2010, Taiwan Education Panel Survey wave2 (2003) Senior (Vocational) High School and Junior College Students and parents, this study attempt to examine the pathway of which education category have direct and indirect (job match, income, subjective social status and social capital) effects on mental health after the expansion of higher education which produces horizontal within higher education. The major findings, which by using OLS regression and bootstrapping analyses, were as follows: (1) Comparing to junior college, the general universities have the lower degree of depression, but it’s not significant in technical universities. These findings partially support the education directly affect to mental health. (2) Both of public general and technical universities have the better sense of job match and the lower distress. (3) Public and private general universities have higher subjective social status and lower distress. Income is not significant and the results of social capital contradict to the previous research. These findings support the education indirect effects on mental health partially

本研究運用多元資料，自不同面向揭露臺灣原住民的遷徙樣貌，並連結遷徙與原住民個人社會地位取得的關連。藉遷徙多層次社會鑲嵌的特質，以解開原住民頻繁遷徙但並未對等呈現向上社會流動的弔詭。本研究同時檢視原住民族於臺灣大社會的位置，包含其空間分布、流動趨勢及其社會經濟地位。研究主要發現如下：（1）歷經卅年的遷移，原住民族大量移徙西半部，並集中在三大都會區，不同遷徙類型在各區域形成流動體系，以北部體系及東部體系擁有較大的遷徙流量；（2）原住民族較一般民眾更易集中在中低度現代化區域，主要係往都會區周邊移動，臺北縣與桃園縣對初級與連續遷徙有極大的拉力；（3）原住民族與一般民眾的遷徙模式相近，遷徙主要是朝鄰近區域與核心縣市移動，但原住民族重複遷徙行為較為獨特，連續遷徙與回流遷徙呈相反的流動；（4）自遷徙決策模型可發現，遷徙受多重因素影響，除工作要素外，家庭居住安排、生命階段的居住區位、區域性資本、社會網絡與遷徙成本及預算皆會影響其遷徙決策；長遠而言，遷徙有助於個人取得教育資源、提升社經地位，無力遷徙者與遷徙者間貧富差距逐漸拉大；（5）與理論預期相反，初級與回流遷徙對個人地位取得具正面效益，連續遷徙則為負向作用，此與原住民族社會網絡有限鑲嵌及累積資本困難所致；（6）隨著人口移動，原居地與移入地社群重組，原居地經歷了人口老化、祖孫家庭增加、傳統部落秩序瓦解，移入地蓬勃的制度化社群組織、族群聚落、同鄉會與協進會扮演都市原住民與原鄉的橋樑，遷徙所生成的脈絡亦將影響後續移動者的社會處境。奠基以上研究發現，提出政策建議與未來研究方向。 / Mainly based on a variety of data, this research aims to study several aspects of migration of Taiwan aborigines and to explore the association and causal relationship between migration and the advance of socioeconomic status. This study is originally inspired from an observed paradox that, according to the theoretical expectation and a body of existing empirical evidences, it has long been confirmed that migration is an effective means of promoting individual social mobility and lifetime wellbeing; nevertheless, the fact that the Taiwan aborigines are associated with lower socioeconomic status does not fit the fact of Taiwan aborigines being more mobile than the ordinary people. The purposes of this dissertation are (1) to characterize migration types and pattern of Taiwan aborigines, including spatial pattern, migration and mobility tendency and likelihood, and their social economic status, (2) to distinguish determinants of aborigine migration, and (3) to examine the outcome of migration whether it helps or stumbles the advance of aborigine’s socioeconomic status and mobility. Main findings are as follows: (1) in the past three decades, voluminous aborigines migrated to the western urbanized area, with the three major metropolitan areas of Taiwan as the major destination for aborigine migrants; it also forms migratory system in each area, with northern Taiwan and eastern Taiwan gaining the most number of migrants; (2) Although metropolitan areas serve as major destination for aborigine migrants, the study finds that they tend to concentrate more on the periphery than on the core area. Both counties of Taipei and Taoyuan are very attractive for primary and onward migrants; (3) the migration pattern of ordinary people is similar to that of aborigines. People usually tend to move to neighborhood and the core city. In addition, repeat migration is much more noteworthy than its primary counterpart, and onward migration is totally opposite to return migration; (4) The model of aboriginal migration indicates that migration is affected by various factors. The most salient ones include work status, living arrangement, attributes of residential location, location-specific capital, ethnic network, and availability of migration budget. Because migration help acquire educational resources and improve one’s socioeconomic status, the gap between migrants and people who are not capable of making migration will become exaggerated; (5) in opposition to theoretical expectation, primary and return migrations exhibit positive effect on the improvement of individual socioeconomic status, whereas onward migration should have negative effect. This finding is not counter to various schools of migration theory, rather, it reflects a result of limited embedded inter- and intra-ethnic network and barriers of capital accumulation; (6) migration affects both communities of origin and destination. Aging population, increasing grandparent-grandchild family, collapsing tribal authority become prevalent in original community; on the other hand, flourishing ethnic enclaves, associations, and institutionalized organizations connect urban and hometown in destination community. The context which migration results from is changed by migration itself and further affects the situation of subsequent migrants. According to empirical findings, the dissertation further suggests corresponding policy implications and proposes future research direction.

<p>Предмет докторске дисертације је једнородитељска породица. Једнородитељске породице чини један родитељ са својом децом (дететом) и оне представљају један од облика модерне породице. Проблеми и потребе једнородитељских породица су постали веома актуелан предмет социолошког интересовања у свету последњих неколико деценија, када је нуклеарна породица преживела крупне промене. Једнородитељска породица се више не може посматрати као реткост будући да само на територији Републике Србије приближно свако пето дете одрасте у породици са једним родитељем. Разлози њиховог настанка су варирали кроз историју: док су некада једнородитељске породице биле превасходно удовичке, данас све више настају разводом брака и ванбрачним рађањима.<br />Анализа једнородитељских породица се базира на резултатима теренског истраживања које је спроведено током 2012. године на узорку од укупно 200 родитеља који су носиоци једнородитељске породице.<br />Циљ истраживања је био да се покаже каква је унутрашња динамика, као и односи једнородитељских породица са сродничким и најближим социјалним окружењем. Поред наведеног, анализиран је друштвени статус различитих подскупина самохраних родитеља, како би се осветлило да ли су, и колико, ове породице прихваћене од стране социјалне околине. Такође, истраживање је стављено у контекст друштвеног поретка у коме се преламају традиционалне норме са&nbsp;актуелним друштвеним токовима. Почетна претпоставка је била да лоша економска ситуација друштва, као једна од последица транзиционих промена у којима се Србија нашла крајем прошлог и почетком овог миленијума, највећим делом је обележила и најсиромашнију демографску групу &ndash; једнородитељске породице. При том, као што су потврдили и резултати истраживања, још увек традиционално јака породична солидарност на овим просторима, представља значајан извор подршке родитељима који сами одгајају дете. Резултати истраживања су показали и да су највећи проблеми са којима су суочене једнородитељске породице управо финансијске тешкоће. Перцепција односа друштвене средине од стране испитаника је таква да, по њиховом мишљењу, углавном нису били изложени негативним реакцијама, као ни њихова деца. Такође, њихов потенцијал за заснивање прекомбиноване породице није велики.</p> / <p>Predmet doktorske disertacije je jednoroditeljska porodica. Jednoroditeljske porodice čini jedan roditelj sa svojom decom (detetom) i one predstavljaju jedan od oblika moderne porodice. Problemi i potrebe jednoroditeljskih porodica su postali veoma aktuelan predmet sociološkog interesovanja u svetu poslednjih nekoliko decenija, kada je nuklearna porodica preživela krupne promene. Jednoroditeljska porodica se više ne može posmatrati kao retkost budući da samo na teritoriji Republike Srbije približno svako peto dete odraste u porodici sa jednim roditeljem. Razlozi njihovog nastanka su varirali kroz istoriju: dok su nekada jednoroditeljske porodice bile prevashodno udovičke, danas sve više nastaju razvodom braka i vanbračnim rađanjima.<br />Analiza jednoroditeljskih porodica se bazira na rezultatima terenskog istraživanja koje je sprovedeno tokom 2012. godine na uzorku od ukupno 200 roditelja koji su nosioci jednoroditeljske porodice.<br />Cilj istraživanja je bio da se pokaže kakva je unutrašnja dinamika, kao i odnosi jednoroditeljskih porodica sa srodničkim i najbližim socijalnim okruženjem. Pored navedenog, analiziran je društveni status različitih podskupina samohranih roditelja, kako bi se osvetlilo da li su, i koliko, ove porodice prihvaćene od strane socijalne okoline. Takođe, istraživanje je stavljeno u kontekst društvenog poretka u kome se prelamaju tradicionalne norme sa&nbsp;aktuelnim društvenim tokovima. Početna pretpostavka je bila da loša ekonomska situacija društva, kao jedna od posledica tranzicionih promena u kojima se Srbija našla krajem prošlog i početkom ovog milenijuma, najvećim delom je obeležila i najsiromašniju demografsku grupu &ndash; jednoroditeljske porodice. Pri tom, kao što su potvrdili i rezultati istraživanja, još uvek tradicionalno jaka porodična solidarnost na ovim prostorima, predstavlja značajan izvor podrške roditeljima koji sami odgajaju dete. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali i da su najveći problemi sa kojima su suočene jednoroditeljske porodice upravo finansijske teškoće. Percepcija odnosa društvene sredine od strane ispitanika je takva da, po njihovom mišljenju, uglavnom nisu bili izloženi negativnim reakcijama, kao ni njihova deca. Takođe, njihov potencijal za zasnivanje prekombinovane porodice nije veliki.</p> / <p>The subject of this dissertation is a single-parent<br />family. Single-parent families consist of one parent<br />with his children (child) and they represent a form of<br />modern families. The problems and needs of singleparent<br />families have become very topical subject of<br />sociological interest in the world in the past few<br />decades, when the nuclear family survived major<br />changes. Single-parent families can no longer be<br />regarded as a rarity, since only on the territory of the<br />Republic of Serbia, approximately every fifth child<br />grows up in a family with a single parent. The reasons<br />for their occurrence varied through history: while the<br />former single-parent families were mostly widows,<br />nowadays they increasingly occur through divorce and<br />ilegitimate births.<br />Analysis of single-parent families is based on the<br />results of field research conducted in 2012 on a<br />sample of 200 parents who are carriers of singleparentfamilies.<br />The aim was to show what the internal dynamics, as<br />well as relations of single-parent families with kinship<br />and closest social environment. In addition, we<br />analyzed the social status of different subgroups of<br />single parents, in order to reveal if and how these<br />families were accepted by the social environment.<br />Also, research was done in the context of social order<br />in which occur the break of traditional norms with<br />current social trends. Initial assumption was that the<br />poor economic situation of society, as a consequence<br />of transitional changes in which Serbia found itself at<br />the turn of this millennium, mostly marked the poorest<br />demographic group - single-parent families. In<br />addition, as confirmed by the results of our research, still traditionally strong family solidarity in the region is</p><p>an important source of support for parents who raise a<br />child(ren) alone. The results showed that the biggest<br />problems faced by single-parent families are financial<br />difficulties. The respondents perception of the<br />relationship of the social environment to them,<br />according to their opinion, were generally not<br />negative, as well as regarding to their children. Also,<br />their potential for grounding of the recombined family<br />isn&rsquo;t great.</p>

This bachelor thesis deals with the correlation between social status and health at the medieval church ruin S:t Hans in Visby. Osteological analysis has been performed on nine adult individuals from the site of S:t Hans. The material was obtained at Gotlands Museum and has diary number 7498/89. The main question was if it is possible to indicate some kind of correlation between social status, in other words the placing of the graves, and the pathological differences in the material. Age, sex, stature and pathological differences has been documented during the osteological analysis to get an understanding of the individuals health status. To understand social status at the site spatial analysis was performed. A grave was explained as ”high status” or ”low status” depending on where at the grave site these were situated. Graves in the church is considered to be of high status while the ones at the older church yard is considered to be of lower status because of its distance from the church. A hypothesis was that individuals in the high status graves would show less pathological differences than the ones in the low status graves. The results obtained from the study tells two different, but interesting, stories. Yes, social status and health status does correlate in some cases, while in other cases they don’t. / Osteoporos och osteoarthritis, då och nu