Pendant longtemps, l’assimilation a été la manière privilégiée par le gouvernement canadien pour intégrer les communautés autochtones à la société canadienne. Les pratiques des intervenants sociaux non-autochtones se situaient alors principalement dans cette idéologie et, par conséquent, ils ont contribué à opprimer les Autochtones. En raison de ces événements historiques, l’intervention sociale non-autochtone n’a pas très bonne réputation dans les communautés autochtones du Canada. En effet, bien que l’intervention sociale s’actualise dans le présent, elle est teintée d’une histoire et réinterprétée à partir des mémoires collectives et individuelles. Cette recherche s’inscrit alors dans une réflexion sur les fondements et la nature du travail social non-autochtone en milieu autochtone au Canada. L’objectif de ce mémoire est donc de comprendre comment des intervenants sociaux non-autochtones se perçoivent dans le contexte de leur pratique auprès des populations autochtones au Canada. Les données furent recueillies lors d’entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées auprès de onze intervenants sociaux allochtones pratiquant dans des contextes différents, mais tous auprès des Premières Nations ou Inuits au Canada. La théorie des représentations sociales nous a guidée dans l’analyse qualitative des données collectées. Au terme de cette recherche, nous avons constaté que les intervenants sociaux non-autochtones rencontrés ont des représentations assez critiques envers le travail social non-autochtone en milieu autochtone. Cela les amène à se percevoir différemment, voire plus positivement, par rapport à leurs perceptions de leur profession dans les contextes autochtones. Leur univers de représentations professionnelles influence donc le développement d’une pratique qui se situe en marge des approches occidentales dominantes actuelles. / For a long time, assimilation was the government’s method of choice when integrating Indigenous communities into Canadian society. Non-native social workers’ practices figured predominantly within this ideology, and consequently, they contributed to the oppression of the Natives. Due to these historic events, non-native social intervention has a poor reputation in Indigenous communities in Canada. In fact, even though social intervention is presently evolving, it is still tainted by its history and reinterpreted by the collective and individual memories of the oppressed. It is therefore deemed important to study the way in which non-native social workers situate themselves with regards to these issues. This paper focuses primarily on the fundamentals and the nature of non-native social work in an indigenous context in Canada. The purpose of this research is to understand how non-native social workers situate and perceive themselves during their work with Natives. The data were collected during semi-structured interviews with 11 non-native social workers in various social environments, but all with First Nations people or Inuits of Canada. The social representation theory guided this research to a qualitative analysis of the data collected. During this research, it was found that social workers have a critical representation of social work in a non-native context. This brings them to perceive themselves differently, even more positively, compared to the perceptions they have of their professions in this Indigenous context. Their professional representations therefore influences the development of a practice situated on the periphery of current dominant Western approaches.

The main aim of this thesis was to gather information concerning psychological aspects in the field of critical management from available sources and to introduce a reader- friendly survey of this topic at the same time. Basic terms were explained, as well as various psychological dispositions of critical staff members and, last but not least, fundamental forms of psychological assistance with regard to citizens in extreme life situations. The psychological awarness survey of both critical staff members and people affected, was carried out by means of a public survey. The idea behind was to demonstrate up-to date level of psychological awarness in particular regions of the Czech Republic.

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a expressão projeto social. A investigação partiu da identificação, delimitação e análise de imagens, pensamentos, sentidos e significações do termo, manifestados por agentes sociais envolvidos em sua prática. Estes agentes constituíram-se em sujeitos da investigação, tendo sido organizados em grupos segundo os papéis exercidos no campo prático-institucional dos projetos sociais. São eles: beneficiários, técnicos e decisores de investimentos. Utilizando-se do método ALCESTE (análise dos lexemas co-ocorrentes num conjunto de segmentos de texto) para análise das falas e do desempenho dos Grupos Operativos, no que se refere à dinâmica das interações entre os participantes em tarefa de investigação, julgamos ter identificado thematas comuns aos diferentes grupos. Estes thematas, representados pelos termos: cuidar e felicidade, emergiram como imagens e atravessaram todos os grupos, associando projeto social a noções de prover que orientam condutas de pessoas e/ou instituições para autosatisfação e/ou bem comum. Tais ideias subjazem em configurações vinculares, subjetivas e objetivas, polarizadas e hierarquizadas entre provedores e desprovidos, fortes e frágeis, habilitados e desabilitados, empreendedores e dependentes, as quais condicionam posições de incluídos ou aspirantes à inclusão social. Em função do pertencimento dos participantes da pesquisa a diferentes coletivos sociais, as sociedades são vistas como comunidades em que se vive ou como conexões entre localidades e planeta sob uma ótica geopolítica globalizada de enfoque econômico. Com base no desenvolvimento da pesquisa e da análise das representações sociais do objeto projeto social sob a inspiração da teoria crítica de Adorno, aponta-se para abertura de uma reflexão crítica. Do conjunto das representações depreendem-se dois aspectos a serem dialetizados: (1) o lado conhecido construções racionais de planos de intervenções sobre necessidades/problemas sociais, visando soluções ou transformações em direção a realidades desejadas e (2) o lado obscuro núcleos de interações sociais dinamizados por projetos nos quais se entrevê três âmbitos imbricados: o psicossocial, estruturado por relações entre desiguais e de forma hierarquizada; o epistemológico, em que vigoram formas de pensamento naturalizado e cisões entre pensamento concreto e abstrato; e o político, circunscrito ao jogo de forças que podem viabilizar, dificultar, reduzir ou inviabilizar projetos. Na semântica subjacente denota-se ausência de conotações referentes à Justiça Social nas dimensões psicossocial, epistemológica e política, o que causa perplexidade. Isso porque a ideia de Justiça poderia e deveria fundamentar construções racionais e condutas direcionadas à realização dos Direitos Humanos como paradigmas para imaginar realidades ideais, orientadoras da ação nos projetos investigados. / This research aims to study the expression social project. The investigation originated in the identification, delimitation and analysis of images, thoughts, feelings and meanings of this term, as they were expressed by social agents directly involved in such practice. These agents were the subjects in our investigation and were organized in groups according to their roles in the institutional and practical realm of social projects, namely: beneficiaries, technicians and investment decision-makers. Using the ALCESTE method (lexical analysis of co-occurring words within a setting of text segments) for analyzing speeches and the performance of Operative Groups in so far as the dynamics of interactions between participants was concerned, we consider that common thematas have been identified in different groups. Such thematas, as manifested by the following expressions: caring for and happiness, emerged as images and could be found in all groups, thus associating social project to notions around providing, which orient behaviors of people and/or institutions towards self-satisfaction and/or general welfare. These ideas underlie link configurations that are subjective and objective, polarized and hierarchical between providers and destitute, strong and frail, capacitated and incapacitated, enterprisers and dependent, and these shall condition positions of either included or aspiring to social inclusion. Due to research participants belonging to different social groups, societies are seen as communities where either one lives in, or as connections between specific places and the planet, under an economic point of view of globalized geopolitics. Based on the development of this research and on the social representations analysis of the object social project, along with Adornos critical theory perspective, we come to an opening towards a critical reflection. From the whole of these representations, two aspects are gathered in order to go under dialectic scrutiny: (1) the known side rational constructions over intervention plans on social needs/issues aiming to solutions or transformations towards desired realities and (2) the dark side nuclei of social interactions turned dynamic on account of projects where three intertwined realms can be seen: psycho-social, structured over relations between the unequal under a hierarchical form; epistemological, where naturalized forms of thinking predominate and where concrete and abstract thinking are split; political, bounded to a interplay of forces that may give feasibility to, turn difficult, reduce or even render projects impossible. In the underlying semantics an absence of connotations referring to Social Justice can be found in the psycho-social, epistemological and political dimensions, which brings in some perplexity. This can be accounted for because the idea of Justice could and should base rational constructions and behaviors towards the actualization of Human Rights as paradigms used to imagine ideal realities that would orient action within the investigated projects.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo incorporar a reflexão da teoria do habitus concebida por Pierre Bourdieu, nas discussões sobre as potencialidades e limites das intervenções sociais situadas, atualmente, no âmbito do Desenvolvimento Local Sustentável. Para tanto, preocupou-se inicialmente em explorar na revisão de literatura as concepções que salientam a necessidade da adoção de uma nova práxis política, com um maior envolvimento da população e das organizações da sociedade civil, na busca de um modo sustentável de desenvolvimento. Verificou-se, no entanto, que existe uma polêmica em torno do rótulo da sustentabilidade pelo fato de existirem ações que ainda não estão comprometidas em tornar este novo paradigma um projeto integrado, fruto de relações sociais complexas envolvendo conflito, competição, cooperação e reciprocidade entre os diferentes agentes. Como base empírica desta análise é apresentada a experiência da oficina de artesanato desenvolvida pelo Projeto Pé da Serra, cujos resultados permitiram demonstrar a importância de se refletir sobre o papel mediador do habitus na imbricada relação entre sujeito e sociedade. A metodologia utilizada para este trabalho, além da revisão de literatura, baseou-se também, em duas estratégias de pesquisa de campo. Primeiramente, fez-se um estudo do meio onde se procurou caracterizar o que Bourdieu denomina de campo social, entendido como território onde se opera a estruturação do habitus durante o processo de socialização do indivíduo. Com base nestas observações, pôde-se melhor interpretar e compreender, através da história oral dos agentes envolvidos no Projeto Pé da Serra, as diferentes percepções manifestadas acerca desta intervenção social que resultaram na sua insustentabilidade. / The aim of the current work is to incorporate the reflection on the habitua theory, conceived by Pierre Bourdieu, in the discussions about the potentialities and limits of social interventions situated nowadays in the field of Sustainable Local Development. With this purpose, in the review of literature this study has initially been focused on exploring the conception that emphasizes the need of adopting a new political praxis, with a greater involvement of the population and the civil society organizations, in the search of a sustainable way of development. However, it has been verified that there is a polemic around the label of sustainability due to the fact that there are still actions that are not engaged in making this new paradigm an integrated project, the result of complex social relations involving conflict, competition, cooperation and reciprocity among the different agents. The empiric basis of the current analysis is the experience of craftwork developed by Pé da Serra Project, whose results made it possible to show the importance of reflecting upon the mediating role of the habitus in the imbricated relation between subject and society. Besides the review of literature, the methodology used was based on two strategies of field research. Firstly, a study of the environment was carried out with the aim of characterizing what Bourdieu calls social field, understood as the territory in which the structuring of the habitus takes place during the process of socialization of the individual. Based on these observations, it was possible to better interpret and understand, through the oral history of the agents involved in Pé da Serra Project, the manifested different perceptions about this social intervention which resulted in its unsustainability.

No description available.

Despite legal and policy advancements in South Africa, prejudice, discrimination and victimisation are still a reality for many lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people in the country. The Psychological Society of South Africa (PsySSA) has embarked on a process to develop lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) affirmative practice guidelines for psychology professionals, when working with these client populations. As a part of the larger objective, this research study highlights LGB people’s experiences of psychotherapy and counselling in South Africa as possible inputs for the mentioned practice guidelines. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with selected participants. The results indicate that some aspects of LGB people’s experiences are similar to those of anyone in psychotherapy or counselling, but also that there are distinct differences. Negative experiences were almost exclusively due to the counsellor being disaffirming of the client's sexual orientation. Self-acceptance and the development of alternative perspectives of sexuality were more prominent outcomes of counselling compared to studies among broader populations. The participants’ feedback on a list of affirmative statements provides a potential basis for future affirmative practice guidelines. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Ce mémoire explore le vécu et la construction de l’expérience de jeunes racisés ayant reçu des constats d’infraction dans le cadre de leur occupation de l’espace public montréalais. Il s’agit spécifiquement d’appréhender, à partir de la sociologie de l’expérience de Dubet (1994), le profil et les conditions de vie, la présence dans l’espace public, les raisons et la nature des constats d’infraction, les stratégies mises en œuvre face au profilage racial ainsi que les conséquences du profilage racial sur les jeunes racisés. Se situant dans une perspective qualitative, la méthodologie de recherche a reposé sur le recueil de dix entrevues semi-dirigées, soit neuf jeunes hommes et une jeune fille entre 18 et 30 ans ayant eu des contacts avec la police dans le cadre du contrôle de l’espace public à Montréal. Basée essentiellement sur l’approche mixte de Miles et Huberman (2003), l’analyse du corpus a permis de rendre compte de l’hétérogénéité de l’expérience des jeunes racisés et profilés interrogés et de dégager deux types d’expérience de profilage racial : les contestataires et les résignés. Si les interactions avec les forces de l’ordre engendrent des traitements perçus comme discriminatoires, l’expérience se construit en fonction de la nature des interactions, du niveau de maturité et de la tranche d’âge des jeunes et elle se décline en une logique de soumission et une logique de lutte pour la contestation des constats d’infraction. Les résultats de la recherche démontrent par ailleurs la pertinence de l’accompagnement du jeune au niveau de la prise de conscience de ses droits et de la contestation des tickets reçus. / This memoir explores the real-life experience and the construction of the experience of racialized youths who have received statements of offense for having occupied the Montreal public space. Using the Sociology of experience theorized by Dubet (1994), the profile and the living conditions, the presence in public areas, the reasons and nature of the statements of offense, the strategies implemented for racial profiling along with its consequences on the racialized youths all must be apprehended. Based on a qualitative perspective, the research method was founded on 10 semi-structured interviews where 9 young men and 1 one young lady between the ages of 18 and 30 who have had encounters with the police concerning the control of the public space in Montreal. Essentially based on the mixed approach of Miles and Huberman (2003), the corpus analyze helped to understand heterogeneity of the experience of racially profiled youths questioned. It was possible to distinguish two types of racial profiling experience: the protesters and the resigned. If the interactions with law enforcement create treatments that are perceived to be discriminatory, the experience is constructed according to the nature of the interaction, the maturity level and the age group of the youths and comes in submission or contest strategies. The results of the research demonstrate otherwise the relevance of the youth's accompaniment at the level of realization of their rights and the protestation of the received infractions.

Les Centres communaux d’Action sociale (CCAS), outils principaux des politiques de solidarité mises en œuvre par les municipalités, dispensent ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler une "aide facultative", en regard de l’aide traditionnelle des Conseils départementaux, chefs de file en ce domaine sur leurs territoires. À Besançon, depuis 1972, le CCAS est reconnu comme très en avance et très innovant. Mais, depuis quelques années, le sentiment d’un amenuisement de son champ d’action et de son influence se fait sentir : c’est dans ce contexte d’incertitude que l’institution a fait vœu de disposer d’un travail d’analyse et d’expertise prenant appui sur la sociologie des politiques sociales. L’organisation interne (les relations entre directions, les liens entre élus et techniciens…) et l’environnement externe (les rapports avec la mairie, le département, et l’ensemble des partenaires) posent la question de la place de l’intervention communale, en termes de prérogatives et de frontières. En partant de l’exemple bisontin, un regard plus général permet de mettre au jour les similitudes et les contrastes de structures comparables. Cette étude, appuyée par un financement CIFRE et reposant sur un paradigme interactionniste, allie à la fois approche technique et point de vue scientifique : elle propose des préconisations pratiques et des perspectives théoriques. / The Municipal Centers of Social Action (MCSA), main tools implemented and used by municipalities in promoting solidary policies, is providing what is well known under the name of a "facultative assistance", regarding the traditional help of Departmental councils, the leader in this domain on their territories. In Besançon, since 1972, the MCSA is recognize as well advanced and innovative. However, in the last couple of years, the MCSA usage has declined and its influence has been increasing. In this context of doubt, the institution has made the wish to provide the framework for the analysis and an expertise expanding on the sociology of social policies. The nature of the working relationships within the internal organization (relationships between the team Management, relationships between the elected officials and the technicians…) and the external environment (Relationships with the City, the Department, and the whole partner’s assembly), raise the question about the status of the municipal intervention, regarding the prerogatives and the boundaries. Referring to Bisontin’s example, a general vision allows enlightening of the similarities and the contrasts of comparable structures. This study, approved by an "ICFR" (Industrial Convention of Formation by the Research), and laying on an interactional paradigm, allies at the same time technical approach and scientific point of view: it suggests practical recommendations and theoretical perspectives.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Albuquerque da Silva.pdf: 976017 bytes, checksum: bd35c98f09aac6e0872ebd0fe285b1c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this work is to report the experience we had in Cuba in the prevention area concerning adolescents involved in transgressions, with proposals that could contribute to Brazil, highlighting intervention and prevention as social policies, prioritizing children and adolescents. The present work does not intend to analyze and compare both realities, but to look at the Cuban experience as a potential intervention model for services in Brazil. Despite facing such distinct scenarios, in both economical and political terms, Cuba s contribution to Brazil and he latter s contribution to the former can open new paths in the social intervention area. Out trip to Cuba in 2002, when we took part in prevention groups and learned about the country s socioeconomic panorama, rural settlements, and service models in the health and education sectors, was determinant so that we could combine our professional and academic experiences. After an initial contact with Cuba through Professor Caridad Navarrete Calderon, we established a permanent dialog on issues related to children and adolescents, making it possible for her to come to Brazil in 2003 for the First Interdisciplinary Seminar on Social Intervention Brazil and Cuba, attended by several researchers and practitioners of the childhood sector, in which we could reflect upon and learn about the aforementioned service models in both countries. Going deep into this universe is both painful and challenging; it is looking ahead in a constant search for alternatives and being willing to change. We do not intend hereby to look merely reflexively at potential interventions we can do, but to have a deep look which evidences that changing is necessary. As Che has defined it: The world must not only be interpreted, it must be transformed / Esta tese tem como objetivo relatar a experiência na área da prevenção em Cuba com os adolescentes envolvidos em ato infracional com propostas contribuitivas ao Brasil. O modelo de atendimento ao adolescente envolvido com ato infracional em Cuba conta com um projeto de governo que tem como proposta a intervenção e prevenção como política social, priorizando a criança e o adolescente. Este estudo não teve a pretensão de analisar as duas realidades e compará-las, mas trazer a experiência cubana no atendimento ao adolescente e o modelo de atendimento do Brasil. Mesmo com realidades tão distintas, tanto econômica como política, a contribuição de Cuba para o Brasil e do Brasil para Cuba poderá abrir novos caminhos na área da intervenção social. A nossa ida a Cuba no ano de 2002, quando participamos de encontros com grupos de prevenção e conhecemos a realidade socioeconômica de Cuba, os assentamentos rurais, os modelos de atendimento na área da saúde e educação, foi determinante para que pudéssemos unir a nossa experiência profisisonal e acadêmica. Após contato com Cuba através da Prof. Caridad Navarrete Calderon, inciamos um diálogo permanente sobre questões ligadas a crianças e adolescentes, possibilitando sua vinda ao Brasil em 2003 para o I Seminário interdisciplinar de intervenção social Brasil e Cuba, quando pudemos refletir e conhecer os modelos de atendimento no Brasil e em Cuba, com participação de vários pesquisadores e profissionais da área da infância. Mergulhar nesse universo é doloroso e desafiador, é a busca constante de alternativas olhando para frente e querendo a mudança. Não pretendemos com esta tese somente um olhar reflexivo das possíveis intervenções que podemos realizar, mas um olhar profundo de que é necessária essa mudança. Como define Che: Não basta interpretar o mundo, é necessário modificá-lo

This study investigates the relationship between community psychology and social policies, seeking to determine which contextual conditions, institutional and interaction of actors help to explain the form and structure of the technical field of the psychologists that work in social intervention in the General Social or Community Services as part of the Spanish Social Services Systems. As a methodological framework, we use the Strauss & Corbin (2002) approach known as Grounded Theory, and also the Coller (2000) multidimensional multiple cases. We study five General Social Services, trough twenty-four interviews to professionals, members and managers of these services, town hall and autonomous community managers and external agents, representatives of professional associations and academics concerned with the issue. As a result, we observe that the integration process of the psychologists that work with social interventions and the components of their field are explained in the context of three major sets of conditions: in first place, the institutional conditions arising from the legal-regulatory bodies and their impact on the technical, management and administration framework. Second, the actor’s interaction processes around reflection dynamics, training and definition of perspectives and frameworks of intervention, all of them developed in negotiations and alliances between the experts, politicians, leaders of the professional associations and academics. And finally, the conditions of the amount and type of problems, the multidimensionality and complexity that are involved in social problems which demand attention and that affect the technical requirements of response / En aquest estudi s’investiga la relació entre la psicologia comunitària i les polítiques socials, buscant determinar quines condicions contextuals, institucionals i de interacció dels actors permeten explicar la forma i estructuració del camp tècnic dels psicòlegs de la intervenció social en els Serveis Socials Generals o Comunitaris que formen part dels Sistemes de Serveis Socials espanyols. Com marc metodològic s’utilitza la proposta de Strauss & Corbin (2002), coneguda com Grounded Theory, i l’estudi de casos múltiples multidimensional de Coller (2000). S’estudien aquí cinc Serveis Socials Generals, mitjançant entrevistes a vint-i-quatre professionals, membres i encarregats dels equips d’aquests serveis, directius a nivells d’ajuntament i comunitat autònoma i agents externs, representants de col•legis professionals i acadèmics relacionats amb la temàtica. Com resultat, s’observa que el procés de inserció dels psicòlegs de la intervenció social i els components del seu camp tècnic s’expliquen en el context de tres conjunts de condicions principals: en primer lloc, las condicions institucionals que sorgeixen dels cossos normatiu-legals i que incideixen sobre el marc tècnic i de gestió i administració. En segon terme, els processos de interacció d’actors al voltant de dinàmiques de reflexió, formació i definició de perspectives i enfocaments de intervenció, desenvolupades en negociacions i aliances entre tècnics, polítics, dirigents gremials i acadèmics. I, finalment, les condicions que intervenen segons la quantitat, tipus de problemàtiques, multidimensionalitat i complexitat que presenten els problemes socials pels quals es demana atenció, que repercuteixen en les exigències tècniques de resposta