Social media effects may affect self-perception and the way media users live their offline lives. The purpose of this essay was to examine the phenomenon of social media saturation in order to understand the possible risks to the development of human identity during the adolescent period. Hence, these risks may be generated by being exposed to social comparison, cyberbullying, self-validation, and self-perception in a sensitive age when self-image is still fragile and being formed. The purpose of this essay is to examine the psychological tendencies of human beings while interacting with their peers on social media platforms. Hence, this will give us a clearer view of what would be achieved by conducting interviews. Moreover, a selection of theories will be applied to those interviews in order to associate those theories with what has been said by respondents. Hence, Meyrowitz’s theory will be used in relation to  understanding the identity adaptation to online connection and linked to Goffman’s discussions of “onstage” and “backstage” (Meyrowitz, 1985: 5). After this, the essay will investigate how users’ self-perception and social comparison are enacted while socializing on social media platforms. Furthermore, this essay sheds the light on how identity is constructed online in the sense of belonging to a community on a social media platform as well as of gratification coming from peer validation in a virtual community. To be able to explain this, the “Social Identity Theory” will, therefore, be discussed (Teo, Matti, et al, 2017: 23). This will be discussed by mentioning theories like “Mediatization” (Couldry & Hepp, 2013). And lastly, the sociological concept of Habitus, minted by Pierre Bourdieu will demonstrate the process of adaptation towards unspoken social codes existing in virtual communities (Markham, 2017: 55).  As found in the four qualitative semi-structured interviews with social media users, respondents are surrounding themselves with like-minded social groups which provide them with confidence about their own system of beliefs. Nevertheless, their perspectives are often marked by notable social pessimism and a lack of incentive to engage in conflictual interactions with others on social media. The results pointed out the perception among the interviewees that the impact of social media on identity formation is largely confined to adolescent users. Many users self-report significant daily screen time and are aware of the risks of social bubbles. Most of the respondents denied being subjected to cyberbullying, while they were surfing on social media, so the respondents’ physical lives were not affected by cyberbullying even for those who mentioned their exposure to cyberbullying. All the respondents expressed a sense of jealousy to some extent, even though some of them showed awareness of the thought that people post their lives from a perfect angle while hiding the flaws and not showing the imperfections of their lives on social media. Lastly, social comparison was an incentive feeling affected most of the respondents, and in their own experience, social media affected their character development and self-perception since they were exposed to social media at an adolescent age.

Denna intervjubaserade studie om emotionellt lönearbete hos skolkuratorer i Sverige visar att det emotionella lönearbetet präglas av olika normer för framträdanden och uttryck av känslor. Det emotionella arbetet är ett för skolkuratorn centralt verktyg för att upprätthålla känsloregler och sociala normer. Det emotionella lönearbetet används på olika sätt, genom ytagerande och djupagerande. Emotionellt lönearbete betraktas som en färdighet som kan förändras över tid, och som kan innebära en separation mellan privatperson och yrkesroll.  Hanteringen av andras känslor verkar som ett emotionellt lönearbete riktat mot den som bemöts. Auktoriteten som kurator ger möjligheter att agera som påminnare om känsloregler för andra. Arbetet innefattar bearbetningar av känslor personligen och med andra. Studien bygger på interaktionistiska och emotionssociologiska perspektiv från Arlie Russell Hochchild och Erving Goffman. Tillvägagångssättet baseras på fenomenologiska perspektiv. Med hjälp av ett målstyrt urval och semistrukturerade intervjuer har information inhämtats från fem skolkuratorer på svenska gymnasieskolor.

Sverige anses vara ett av Europeiska unionens mest jämställda länder där kvinnor och män ska ha lika möjligheter i arbetslivet. Jämställdhetslagen och diskrimineringslagen har stiftats i syfte att bland annat främja kvinnor och mäns lika rättigheter samt förhindra och motverka könsbaserade skillnader på arbetsmarknaden. Trots lagstiftning finns det tydliga skillnader i karriärutveckling mellan kvinnor och män. Syftet med studien är att studera hur kvinnor på olika arbetsplatser med en jämn intern könsfördelning upplever sina möjligheter till avancemang, kvinnornas antaganden av strategier för att hantera upplevd ojämlikhet samt hur kvinnornas självbild har kommit att påverkas till en följd av dessa upplevelser. Det empiriska materialet baseras på sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserats genom Chodorows teori om mödrars roll i reproduktionen av könsnormer och Bergmans beskrivning av vertikal och intern segregering. Flera mekanismer samverkar och resulterar iatt kvinnorna upplever barriärer för avancemang och karriärutveckling på sina arbetsplatser på grund av deras könstillhörighet vilket vidare bidragit till antagandet av strategier för att få legitimitet. Dessa upplevelser har bidragit till ifrågasättandet av kvinnornas kompetens som vidare haft en negativ påverkan på deras självbild. / Sweden is considered as one of the European Union's most equal countries where women and men should have equal opportunities at the labor market. The Gender Equality Act and the Discrimination Act have been enacted to promote equal rights for women and men and to prevent gender segregation at the labor market and in workplaces. Despite these laws, there are still differences in career development between women and men. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how women at different workplaces experience their opportunities for advancement, women's assumptions of strategies for dealing with inequality and how women's self-image has been affected as a result of their experiences. The empirical material is based on seven semi-structured interviews analyzed through Chodorow's theory the reproduction of mothering to analyze the reproduction of gender norms and Bergman's description of vertical and internal segregation. The results of the study show that women experience barriers to advancement and career development at their workplaces based on their gender, which has further contributed to the adoption of strategies to gain legitimacy. These experiences have contributed to a negative impact on women's self-image which has manifested in constant questioning of women's competence and capability at work based on traditional norms.

In January 2023, the newly elected right-wing government led by Giorgio Meloni approved Decree-Law No. 1/2023 which restricts the work of civil Search and Rescue (SAR) organizations, with the aim to reduce the flow of people reaching the country's shores. Simultaneously, SAR organizations claimed that the Italian government started to deploy a policy of allocating distant ports to the NGO ships for the disembarkation of survivors. This thesis aims to analyse this new twofold approach towards civil sea rescue activities in the Central Mediterranean to answer the question of how it impacts the work of civil SAR organizations. For this purpose, a mixed-methods approach that joins quantitative and qualitative methods is deployed. The quantitative analysis of this thesis draws upon rescue data provided by SAR NGOs, as well as on press reports to understand the impact of the new approach on the disembarkation of survivors and movements of ships. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact on the rescue dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea, the qualitative analysis draws upon the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with staff of civil SAR organizations. In the course of this thesis, I argue that the new Italian approach falls into a larger trend of obstructing the work of SAR NGOs, deployed by the Italian government since the start of the de-governmentalisation of SAR activities in the Central Mediterranean in 2014. While the distant port policy leads to obstruction of SAR activities by delaying the disembarkation of survivors, Decree-Law No. 1/2023 falls into a wider strategy of criminalisation of civil SAR activities. I furthermore argue, that it is the interplay of the two newly introduced policies mentioned above that leads to severe obstruction of civil SAR activities. Finally, I engage theories about humanitarian space to describe the obstruction of civil SAR activities as the shrinking of the humanitarian space in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Faroes are a rural, ’closely-knit’ (Nils Christie 1982), and unexplored society. Hardly anyone is a stranger. Neither are police officers and offenders. How does this affect policing? Based on 6 interviews with Faroese police officers and 3interviews with Faroese offenders, the ’living law’ (i.e., social norm) of Connection Seeking was identified. Analysis was done phenomenologically with thematic analysis and content analysis. The ’living law’ of Connection Seeking is a law that officers must heed to stay connected with society. This includes being friendly and behaving properly. To a high degree, Faroese officers succeed, sometimes at the expense of ‘law in books’ and ‘law in action’. Danish officers in the Faroes, however, fare worse. Findings suggest that Faroese officers show their Camaraderie and Appropriate Behaviour by being lenient, sympathetic, and trusting, among others, and that the ‘living law’ of Connection Seeking is a prevalent law in officers’ and offenders’ life-worlds. / Føroyar eru fjarskotið, ”tætt knýtt” (Nils Christie 1982) og órannsakað samfelag. At kalla ongin er ókunnur. Eiheldur løgreglumenn og brotsmenn. Hvussu ávirkar hetta løgverjuna? Við seks viðtølum við føroyskar løgreglumenn og trimum við føroyskar brotsmenn varð ”livandi løgini” sambandssókn eyðmerkt. Greingina varð gjørt fyribrygdafrøðiliga við evnisgreining og innihaldsgreining. Livandi løgini sambandssókn eru løg, sum løgreglumaður má lýða til tess at halda samband við samfelagið. At lýða hesum løgum ber við sær at vera vinaligur og at bera seg rætt at. Í stóran mun eydnast hetta føroyskum løgreglumonnum, stundum við tí at skeita ”bókaløgum” og ”verkløgum” minni ans. Donskum løgreglumonnum í Føroyum hilnast verri. Fundirnir benda á, at føroyskir løgreglumenn sýna vinalag og góðan atburð millum annað við at vera lagaligir, várkunnsamir og við at líta á fólkið, og at livandi løgini sambandssókn eru løg, sum eru frammarlaga í æviheimi løgreglumanna og brotsmanna.

In 2020, approximately 6900 children in Sweden were relevant for investigation of custody disputes. During the same year, 1802 court decisions were enforced regarding supervision by a contact person. Previous research has shown that children often have a lack of participation and opportunity to influence in these cases. It has also shown that parental rights and the child´s need for protection often outweigh the child´s expressed will. The aim of this study was to investigate children´s participation in the district court´s judgments regarding supervision by a contact person. What an impact the child´s will have and how factors such as age, risks and their best interest affect children´s ability to be involved. Through a qualitative content analysis, nine judgments from various district courts in Sweden during 2018-2021 have been selected. The material was then analyzed with the help of social constructivist theory and Roger Hart´s ladder of participation. The study shows that in six out of nine judgments, children are involved based on different levels and that 44% of the judgments are in accordance with the child´s expressed will. However, it has been difficult to read out how the child´s will has actually had a bearing on the verdict. The result also shows that factors such as age, risks and the best interests of the child affects the child´s ability to participate. In cases where the district court has not reported the child´s will or participation, no explanation or clarification is given as to why it is so.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förändringar inom kriminalvården påverkar kriminalvårdares arbetsvillkor och förutsättningarna för det emotionella arbetet.  Därför har vi lagt fokus på kriminalvårdens arbete som präglats av de förändringar som skett, både på arbetstid och privat. Därför har vi gjort en tydlig avgränsning gällande just kriminalvårdare, för att det är de som utför emotionellt arbete.  Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ studie där vi har intervjuat åtta kriminalvårdare. För att hitta de respondenterna har vi kombinerat ett bekvämlighetsurval med ett målstyrt urval. Vi har använt oss av ett emotionssociologiskt perspektiv där vi utgår ifrån Arlie Hochschilds teori om emotionellt arbete. Vi har också använt oss av Lean production, just in time för att förstå förändringarna i organisationen samt Thomas J. Scheffs teori om sociala band och känslorna skam och stolthet som påverkar det sociala samspelet.  Arbetet som kriminalvårdare är en emotionellt krävande uppgift. Förändringarna inom organisationen har lett till en mer pressad arbetsmiljö som har påverkat arbetsvillkoren. Kriminalvårdare uppmärksammar de långa och intensiva arbetsdagarna som leder till trötthet och utmattning. Det har även märkt av en högre arbetsbelastning på sig själva och deras kollegor som har resulterat till flera sjukskrivningar och uppsägningar. / The purpose of this studie is to investigate how changes in prison affect the prison guards' conditions and the conditions for the emotional labor. Therefore have we focused on the prison guards' work, which is characterized by changes that have taken place that affects both working hours and privately. Therefore have we made clear demarcation regarding just prison guards, because it is them who performs emotional labor. We have used a qualitative study where we have interviewed eight prison guards. To find the respondents, we have combined a convenience selection with a goal-oriented selection. We have used an emotional sociological perspective where we start from Arlie Hochschild's theory of emotional labor. We have also used Lean production, just in time to understand the changes in the organization and Thomas J. Scheff's theory of social ties and feelings of shame and pride that affects social interactions. Working in a prison as a prison guard is a difficult emotional request. The changes within the organization have led to a more pressured work environment that has affected working conditions. Prison guards pay attention to the long and intense working days that lead to fatigue and exhaustion. It has also been noticed by a higher workload on themselves and their colleagues which has led to more sick leave and dismissals.

“Who takes care of the manager?”An exploratory study of manager´s perceived organizational and social work environment.  The study aims to create a deeper understanding of managers' experiences, of their organizational and social work environment. Furthermore, the study aims to examine managers' perceptions of health factors that they perceive as health-promoting. The main question of this study is; “How do managers experience their organizational and social work environment?”. As previous research has often focused on preventive factors, this study focuses on a health-promoting perspective. Which refers to the study's second question; "What health factors do managers perceive as health-promoting?". The study applies a qualitative method through semi-structured interviews for the collection of empirical material. The sample consists of eight first-line and middle managers in various industries. The study has an exploratory focus in order to create a basis for further research.  The results of the study show that recovery, communication, colleagues, social relationships, clear roles, goals and tasks are perceived as important organizational and social aspects in the manager's own work environment. The results also show that perceived health factors are flexibility in working hours, being heard, support from colleagues, functioning social relationships and recovery by adapting their meetings.   Keywords: Organizational and social work environment, management, health factors, health promotion. / Studien syftar till att skapa djupare förståelse för chefers upplevelse, av deras organisatoriskaoch sociala arbetsmiljö. Studien syftar även till att undersöka chefers uppfattning om defriskfaktorer som de upplever som hälsofrämjande. Uppsatsens huvudfrågeställning är; “Hurupplever chefer sin organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljö?” Då tidigare forskning oftafokuserat på preventiva faktorer, inriktar sig denna studie på ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv.Vilket syftar till studiens andra frågeställning; “Vilka friskfaktorer upplever chefer somhälsofrämjande?” Studien tillämpar kvalitativ metod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer förinsamling av empiriskt material. Urvalet består av åtta första linjens- och mellanchefer inomolika branscher. Studien har ett explorativt fokus i syfte att skapa underlag till vidareforskning.Studiens resultat visar på att återhämtning, kommunikation, kollegor, sociala relationer,tydliga roller, mål och arbetsuppgifter upplevs som viktiga organisatoriska och socialaaspekter i chefens egna arbetsmiljö. Resultatet visar vidare på att upplevda friskfaktorer ärflexibilitet i arbetstid, att bli hörd, kollegors stöd, fungerande sociala relationer ochåterhämtning genom att anpassa sina möten.

This thesis is an ethnographic study of culture, economy, everyday life, and resistance among ‘Baganiyas’ (workers) of a tea plantation in contemporary Bangladesh. The main goal of this thesis is to highlight the Baganiyas' everyday resistance to the systemic alienation of the plantation structure and to demonstrate how their actions of resistance served as symbolic representations of their community's culture. It draws on the finding from an 18-day field trip with additional autoethnography and netnography conducted while the world was experiencing a global pandemic in 2020. Based on ethnographic observation, participation, interviews, and collaborative dialogues the study aims to explore the social life and stories of the people who bring the most consumed drink in the world into our cup from the ‘Bagan’ (garden). It traces the emerging subjectivities of the Baganiya - Worker, Planter – Manager, Planter – Owner, and neighboring others regarding the garden, on what they are commonly connected to. In doing so, the study investigates workers’ economic network that leads to the social and political association of the workers, which connects them to the occupational and institutional hierarchy within and beyond the plantation. The study explores resistance as culture in a symbolic form that stems from the structural inequality that alienates the workers from tea and everything outside the plantation. However, it argues that the resistance is not an act of idleness, rather an invisible tactic by the workers to counter the hegemonic strategy.

To stay competitive, the increasingly challenging reality that digitization and globalization have led to a constant evolution of market conditions, Google and other organizations use a model called OKR, objectives and key results. Implementing a model such as OKR in an organization places high demands on the interaction of the management team, which is one reason why not everyone is successful with the implementation. To improve interaction, several management teams have applied Patrick Lenicinois' management team method the five dysfunctions in a team. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a management team's interaction is affected by applying a management team method. To answer the question, two focus group interviews have been conducted, consisting of members from two different management groups that have implemented the management group method, the five dysfunctions in a team, and the goal management model, OKR, in recent years. The empirical work has been analyzed based on Goffman's symbolic interactionism and Weber's bureaucratic structures. Application of a management group method can, according to the study, lead to changes in the interaction, in the form of increased trust within the group, that communication takes place more in the form of dialogue and a higher collective commitment to the management group's common goals and results. For a change to take place, the management team needs to invest time and energy both initially and continuously. This insight is significant for research into the impact of the management team method on norms and behaviors in social contexts and how the corporate world can meet the need for interconnected management teams for e.g. change management.