Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 77550.pdf: 1528021 bytes, checksum: b4fd8e931b49a466507efdcd89e8bd65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study looks at theatre reception in the area of education. The focus of the investigation was the response of the audience to the performance Auto da Índia (Curitiba/PR): both by children of a public secondary school and adults who attended to one of its presentation. The understanding that theatre in education needs to balance the attention to the production and the reception is the main objective of this proposal. Studies of theories of reception were carried out in order to raise problems and questions. The Theory of the Aesthetic Reception, by Hans Herbert Jauss was identified as the key framework to the field work. The methodology included the analysis of former researches related to teachers training, interviews with director of the performance, and a questionnaire to gather the audience response to the presentation they had just attended. The concept of Horizon of Expectations was considered the key aspect of the data analysis. The concluding notes point both to the divergent readings of the performance by spectators with similar backgrounds, and to the role of the questionnaire to mediate the debate on reception in the classroom context. / Esta dissertação objetiva realizar um estudo sobre a recepção na área do ensino do teatro. Para a execução dela foi desenvolvida uma experiência sobre a recepção de uma peça teatral, envolvendo alunos da educação básica e público espontâneo. Se a recepção é um dos pólos do ensino do teatro, constatou-se por meio de entrevistas, as dificuldades do professor do Estado do Paraná quanto aos processos e às estratégias para trabalhar a recepção de espetáculos e a recepção de atividades teatrais em sala de aula. A investigação se valeu de um questionário que discriminou os principais eixos da montagem e suas respectivas características, para fazer um levantamento dos aspectos da encenação que causaram maior impacto no público. A fundamentação teórica esteve centrada na Estética da Recepção, especialmente no conceito de Horizonte de expectativas, desenvolvido por Hans Robert Jauss. Para tanto, realizou-se uma série de entrevistas com a encenadora do espetáculo Auto da Índia (Curitiba/2006), sobre o qual foi construído o questionário. O cruzamento dos dados revelou que as respostas mais significativas apontadas pelos espectadores não coincidiu com as expectativas da encenadora. Ao comparar os dois grupos pesquisados, comprovou-se que o espectador teve impacto em diferentes elementos da encenação. Este resultado permitiu discutir o potencial do uso de um questionário para explicitar as formas distintas de recepção demonstradas por um público. Nesse sentido, comprovou-se que o questionário é um recurso metodológico eficiente para o professor mediar a recepção, prática de fundamental importância para a formação do aluno espectador na área da pedagogia do teatro.

O presente estudo, cuja inspiração procedimental advém do legado de Michel Foucault, dedicase à análise das relações históricas entre práticas teatrais e determinada lógica de governança de tipo pedagógico do tecido social no Brasil. Constatando que tal correlação de forças encontraria seu alvo principal na figura do espectador, investigam-se os processos históricos que culminaram na emergência de determinado espectador crítico, autônomo e cidadão no interior das práticas teatrais brasileiras. Com vistas a perspectivar o problema do espectador ao longo da história da prática teatral no país, a pesquisa realiza um recuo temporal e organiza um corpo documental composto por periódicos (jornais e revistas) publicados entre 1812 e 1960. Sobrevém desses textos do passado a prática da pateada, desaparecida nos dias de hoje, a qual consistia em um ruidoso bater dos pés a ser disparado a qualquer momento da representação por parte dos espectadores insatisfeitos em relação ao que viam e ouviam. A pateada é aqui analisada sob duas perspectivas: a primeira investiga os sentidos dessa prática e a compreende como um gesto de ajuizamento singular formalizado por determinada época; a segunda percorre uma série de problematizações históricas que passaram a contestar a existência dessa prática e trabalharam em prol de sua extinção. Em meio ao processo do desaparecimento da pateada, pode-se ainda observar duas forças institucionais firmemente engajadas nesse movimento: a polícia e a crítica teatral. Essa segunda força, por sua vez, teve sua emergência vinculada a toda uma nova racionalidade jurídica que passaria a ganhar força no país com a inauguração das faculdades de Direito, e se desenvolveu com a consolidação da imprensa escrita da época. Ainda, recorrendo à análise da existência e extinção de uma prática como a pateada, objetivase apresentar um momento histórico em que tanto o comportamento quanto a subjetividade do espectador começariam a ser regulados em direções diversas e um novo tipo de endereçamento público-cena emergiria. Tratar-se-ia, portanto, de uma disputa a respeito das maneiras por meio das quais as manifestações dos espectadores em relação às peças e aos artistas poderiam ser exercidas. Assim, fazendo eco ao procedimental de pesquisa foucaultiano, trata-se de descrever e analisar a emergência de uma nova ordem de governo das condutas e subjetividades dos espectadores que diz respeito, em certa medida, às suas configurações contemporâneas. Perspectiva-se, enfim, que três seriam os eixos que formalizariam a entrada em cena de um novo espectador que nos seria muito mais familiar do que o público pateador oitocentista: o governo; o par formado pelas práticas teatrais e educacionais; e a regulação da própria experiência de ajuizamento em relação às práticas artísticas. / The present study, whose procedural inspiration comes from Michel Foucaults legacy, aims to analyze the historical relations between theatrical practices and a certain logics of governance, of pedagogical nature, in the Brazilian social fabric. Given that such relation of forces is principally focused on the spectator, the historical processes which led to the appearance of a certain critical, autonomous, and citizen spectator in Brazilian theatrical practices are studied. For an outlook on the issue of the spectator throughout the history of the countrys theatrical practice, the research steps back in time and organizes a documental body made up of periodicals (newspapers and magazines) published between 1812 and 1960. Out of these texts, there appears the practice of the pateada, gone nowadays, which was a loud hitting of the feet triggered at any moment during the representation by spectators dissatisfied with what they saw or heard. Pateada is herein analyzed under two perspectives: the first one investigates the meanings of this practice and understands it as a singular ruling gesture, set by a determined epoch; the second one follows a series of historical issues which started to object the existence of this practice and strived to have it ended. In the process to end with the pateada, one can observe two institutional forces engaged in the movement: the police and theater criticism. The second force, for its part, had its appearance associated with a whole new juridical rationality, which would grow strong in the country with the opening of Law Schools, and which developed during the consolidation of the written press of the time. Moreover, by analyzing the existence and disappearance of a practice such as the pateada, it is intended to dwell on a historical moment when the spectators behavior and subjectivity started to be regulated in several directions and a new king of audience-scene approach emerged. Therefore, this is about a struggle about the ways in which the audiences manifestations towards the plays and artists could be actualized. Thus, by echoing Foucaults research, it is aimed to describe and analyze the appearance of a new type of rule for the behavior and subjectivity of spectators as to what concerns, to a certain extent, their contemporary configurations. Finally, a perspective is given for the three axes which would formalize the coming into being of a new spectator, much more familiar to us than the 1800s audience of the Pateada: the government; the pair formed by theatrical and educational practices; and the regulation of the very experience of ruling artistic practices.

Este trabalho busca analisar uma experiência de teatro realizada durante 22 anos com funcionários de uma empresa e refletir sobre a relação possível entre o teatro e a empresa por meio de uma proposta de Dramaturgia Cênica. Para tanto, apresenta-se o resgate histórico do percurso através do levantamento e análise crítica de materiais significativos relativos às diversas encenações realizadas. Estabelece- se, também, um diálogo entre a experiência e alguns referenciais teóricos na perspectiva de um teatro brechtiano para a construção de um modelo que contribua para um processo de humanização, favorecendo transformações pessoais e interferências no ambiente de trabalho e na realidade social em geral. / This dissertation sets out to analyse a theatre work experience developed with employees of one company over the course of 22 years. In it, I seek to reflect on the possible relationship between theatre and the company through a proposal for stage dramaturgy. To achieve this objective, it rebuilts the whole history line of this experience, through a selection and critical analisys of some relevant material about the groups theater productions. It also stabilishes a dialogue between the experience and some theoretical work, particularly about Brechtian theater, aiming to develop a model capable of contributing to the process of humanisation, encouraging personal transformation and changes in the workplace environment and in the broader social reality.

Étudiée à travers un corpus de cinq auteurs scéniques – Romeo Castellucci, Pippo Delbono,Simon McBurney, Christoph Marthaler et François Tanguy, la représentation rhapsodique met en lumière une pratique théâtrale qui consiste à construire le spectacle à partir des composants du plateau : scénographie, jeu des acteurs et textes produits par les acteurs ou apportés comme« matériaux » de jeu. Le metteur en scène, devenu « auteur scénique », compose ainsi, en étroite relation avec les présences en scène une écriture scénique à l’intérieur de laquelle le texte,reconfiguré dans la partition scénique, déstabilise les attendus dramatiques. La caractéristique de cette écriture est de tresser les différents constituants entre eux et de se développer en séquences dramatiques, par un méticuleux travail de montage.Le paysage théâtral qui se dégage de cette étude place la réception au coeur du dispositif scénique. / Through the study of five scenic authors – Romeo Castellucci, Pippo Delbono, SimonMcBurney, Christoph Marthaler and François Tanguy, rhapsodic performance highlights a theatrical practice which consists of constructing the show with the stage components : scenography, the acting, and the text produced or introduced by the actor as the acting« material ». The director, who becomes the « scenic author », thus composes, in strict relation with the stage presence a scenic account in which the text, reworked in its scenic partitions,destabilizes the dramatic expectations. The characteristic of this technique is to harmonize the different constituents amongst themselves and to unfold into dramatic sequences, through ameticulous mounting process.The theatrical landscape revealed through this study places reception in the heart of the scenic device.

Il y aurait interaction constante entre théâtre comique, masque et pouvoir que nous examinons à travers une lecture intertextuelle et comparative des pièces françaises, francophones et égyptiennes des XIXe et XXe siècles, en mettant l’accent sur les techniques de camouflage et leurs objectifs, témoins d’une continuité entre les cultures. Nous démontrons que la distanciation, bien que rattachée au monde sérieux de la dramaturgie brechtienne, excelle surtout dans le théâtre comique du masque. Ce projet comporte en fait trois parties. Dans une première partie, nous passons en revue dans le premier chapitre les métamorphoses du masque avec ses procédés en arrimant théâtre comique et notion du pouvoir. Nous posons ensuite dans un second chapitre l’assise théorique et méthodologique qui sert de base à notre étude, en abordant le théâtre du masque comme un procédé dramaturgique de distanciation. Nous examinons premièrement la distanciation à travers les zones du texte (didascalies, prologue, spectacle enchâssé), où le théâtre se dit comme tel. Nous consacrons la deuxième partie à l’exploration de tous les procédés d’étrangéisation employés par les dramaturges en vue de distancier le personnage portant le masque du pouvoir, en mettant en lumière son caractère bouffon et carnavalesque. Le travestissement sous ses divers aspects impose un rapport de forces entre les personnages qui se manifeste à travers l’échange verbal et non verbal derrière le masque ainsi que l’espace et la temporalité, et constitue un vecteur de distanciation, comme on le voit dans la troisième partie. Le cadre spatio-temporel, étant le support d’un jeu de faire-semblant, enracine la relation de domination occasionnée par le masque. Du fictif se dégage une image du réel. / There would be constant interaction between comic theater, mask, and power that we examine through a comparative and intertextual reading of French francophone, and egyptian plays from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; focusing on the techniques of camouflage and their targets, which affirm continuity between cultures. We show that “distanciation”, although attached to the serious world of Brechtian dramaturgy, excels in the comic theater of the mask. This project comprises of three parts. In the first chapter of the initial part, we review the metamorphoses of the mask with its processes, by matching comic theater and concept of power. Then we put in a second chapter ,the theoretical basis and methodology, used as the basis for our study; addressing the theater of the mask as a dramatic process of “distanciation”. Firstly we examine the distance through the zones of the text (stage directions, prologue, & embedded shows), where the theater is presented alike. We devote the second part to the exploration of all the processes employed by the playwrights, in order to distance the character wearing the mask of power, highlighting its comic and carnivalesque aspects. The travesty in its various facets imposes a balance of power (relationship of power) between the characters. Which is manifested through verbal and non verbal exchange behind the mask ,space, and time which are vectors of distanciation (as seen in the third part). The spatio-temporal framework, being the holder of a game of make-believe, rooted the relationship of domination caused by the mask. The fictitious emerges an image of reality.

Cette thèse explore et analyse l’œuvre théâtrale d’André Engel, metteur en scène français atypique. Depuis 1972, il travaille avec une équipe de création constituée des dramaturges Bernard Pautrat puis Dominique Muller, du décorateur Nicky Rieti et de l’éclairagiste André Diot. André Engel a d’abord créé ses spectacles dans des lieux inédits : haras, usine désaffectée, ancienne mairie, hangar, donnant naissance à des « Objets Théâtraux Non Identifiés » qui marquèrent le théâtre des années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt ; formes que la nécessité de travailler dans les salles fit évoluer. Attaché à la question du spectateur, André Engel a, tout au long de son œuvre, proposé un renouvellement de son statut. De la création « hors les murs » au théâtre en salle, du « détour » par l’opéra à la tentation du cinéma, l’œuvre d’André Engel, constituée en cycles, est une véritable aventure théâtrale, une machine au rhizome complexe qui sort des repères connus. Nourri de philosophie allemande, d’influences deleuziennes et de lectures situationnistes, André Engel est venu au théâtre pour changer le monde. Il crée des événements, des expérimentations, des situations, proposant de nouveaux espaces-temps dans un acte de résistance et de reconquête du monde qui s’associe à une poésie de l’errance, du voyage et de la dérive. Machine de guerre contre « la société du spectacle », le théâtre est, pour André Engel, le lieu et le moyen d’un combat contre le monde aliéné, pour la reconquête de l’authenticité du réel. / This thesis explores and analyzes the theatrical work of André Engel, an unconventional French stage director, working since 1972 with a team composed of dramatists Bernard Pautrat followed by Dominique Muller, designer Nicky Rieti and lighting designer André Diot, as a creative ensemble. André Engel staged his first performances in unusual places : a stud farm, a disused factory, a former town hall, a warehouse, giving birth to « Objets Théâtraux Non Identifiés » : landmarks in the theatre scene of the 70s and 80s. The need to work in conventional theatre brought with it in an evolution of his art. Throughout his work, André Engel proposes a new vision of the status of spectator. From « hors les murs » to more traditional venues, from incursions into opera to the temptations of cinema, these cycles in André Engel’s work are a true adventure in theatre, a machine with a complex rhizome which does not tread well-beaten paths. Nurtured by German philosophy, by the thought of Gilles Deleuze and influenced by readings of the Situationists, André Engel came to theatre in order to change the world. He creates events, experiments, situations, offering as an act of resistance, new dimensions in space and time : re-conquests of a world associated with the poetics of wandering, travelling, being adrift. As a machine for war against « la société du spectacle » as Guy Debord calls it, theatre for André Engel provides the perfect place and means for fighting against a world of alienation, for re-conquering the authenticity of the real.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om skildringen av Black lives matter skiljer sig mellan olika tidningar baserat på dess politiska ställningstagande. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys kommer följande frågeställningar att besvaras; Hur ser språkbruket ut i några mediers rapportering om Black Lives Matter? Finns det systematiska skillnader och likheter i språkbruket för olika medier? Vilka ställningstaganden kan urskiljas i nyhetsrapporteringen? Resultatet visar att Fria tider och the American Spectators rubriker, formuleringar och innehåll visar att det präglats av tidningens politiska färg medan Svenska Dagbladet har en mer neutral rapportering. I diskussionen dras slutsatser om vilka följder observationerna i resultatet kan få i förlängningen. Slutsatserna är att majoriteten av artiklarna publicerade på Fria tider och The American Spectator visade på språklig systematik där värdeord och formuleringar användes vilket hade en påverkan över nyhetsrapporteringen då den blev mindre objektiv samt tydde på politiskt ställningstagande i många av artiklarna. I Svenska Dagbladet fanns inte samma språkliga systematik innehållande värdeord eller tendensiösa formuleringar. Språket hade en stor påverkan över helhetsintrycket av artiklarna och med tanke på att sammanhanget är nyhetsrapportering krävdes det få ord eller formuleringar för att urskilja värderingar och urskilja ställningstaganden.

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Ce mémoire aborde trois pièces du dramaturge québécois Olivier Choinière, Beauté intérieure (2003), Projet blanc (2011) et Manifeste de la Jeune-Fille (2017), dans le but d’en faire ressortir les possibilités d’émancipation spectatrice. Depuis ses tout débuts, Choinière tient un discours critique sur le spectateur de théâtre, et il cherche conséquemment à l’inclure et à l’impliquer dans ses créations. À la lumière des théories de la réception et surtout de celles de Jacques Rancière dans Le spectateur émancipé, ce mémoire a pour visée d’évaluer les possibilités émancipatrices de l’œuvre de Choinière en analysant les différents moyens qu’il utilise pour inclure le spectateur, tant sur le plan formel que sur le plan politique. Au cœur de la théorie de Rancière figure le paradoxe du spectateur, qui renvoie aux différents moyens utilisés par les dramaturges contemporains pour forcer l’activité spectatrice et qui, selon lui, nuisent à son émancipation. Ce mémoire analysera donc le travail de Choinière en portant une attention particulière à la possible reproduction de ce paradoxe dans le but d’établir un degré d’émancipation spectatrice probable dans les trois pièces choisies. / This master’s thesis addresses three works of the Quebec playwright Olivier Choinière, Beauté intérieure, Projet blanc and Manifeste de la Jeune-Fille with the aim of highlighting the possibilities of spectator emancipation. From his very beginnings, Choinière has held a critical discourse on the theater spectator, and he consequently seeks to include and involve him in his creations. In the light of the theories of reception and especially those of Jacques Rancière in Le spectateur émancipé, this master’s thesis aims to assess the emancipatory possibilities of Choinière's work by analyzing the different means he uses to include the spectator, both formally and politically. At the heart of Rancière's theory is the spectator paradox, which refers to the various means used by contemporary playwrights to force spectator activity and which, according to him, undermine his emancipation. This dissertation will therefore analyze Choinière's work, paying particular attention to the possible reproduction of this paradox in order to establish a degree of probable spectator emancipation in the three chosen pieces.

L’étude prend sa source dans une préoccupation qui anime la plupart des dirigeants de fédérations et de clubs sportifs au Sénégal : leur difficulté à mobiliser un public nombreux lors des évènements sportifs qu’ils organisent. Cette situation renvoie à un questionnement sur leur capacité actuelle à répondre aux besoins et attentes des spectateurs, les fidéliser et en conquérir de nouveaux. Dans ce contexte, notre question de recherche principale est de savoir quels sont les facteurs qui influencent la décision des spectateurs d’assister à des évènements sportifs au Sénégal ; en d’autres termes, comprendre les motivations des spectateurs à fréquenter (ou à ne pas fréquenter) les lieux de ces évènements. Pour cela, nous avons analysé les cas de trois types de spectacles sportifs : (1) celui d’un sport moderne d’importation (le championnat de football professionnel) ; (2) celui d’un sport traditionnel (la lutte avec frappe) et (3) celui d’une pratique se situant entre tradition communautaire et modernité - sport moderne « tropicalisé » - (le championnat populaire navétane), afin de mettre en lumière des spécificités explicatives.Les résultats révèlent six facteurs majeurs pouvant influencer la fréquentation d’un évènement sportif au Sénégal : la proximité des lieux de compétition, l’affirmation d’une appartenance identitaire, la passion du sport, la recherche d’interactions sociales, la quête du plaisir et du divertissement, la stimulation émotionnelle. Parallèlement, ils nous ont amené à mettre en évidence quelques critères pouvant conduire à mieux segmenter l’offre de spectacle sportif : la motivation de fréquentation, la régularité, le degré de participation aux actions de supportérisme, le rapport à la violence ; soit autant de critère permettant de construire une offre adaptée aux différentes catégories de publics.D’un point de vue managérial, ce travail de recherche livre des informations utiles aux organisateurs. En effet, elles peuvent leur permettre d’avoir une meilleure visibilité de la demande : d’une part, une identification plus fine des publics sous la forme d’une typologie, d’autre part, une caractérisation actualisée de leurs besoins et attentes et de leurs comportements de consommation ; cette meilleure connaissance du marché devant logiquement les conduire à des stratégies marketing plus efficaces en matière de segmentation de leur offre et de ciblage des différentes catégories de publics. / The study has its source in a concern that drives most leaders of federations and sports clubs in Senegal: their difficulty to mobilize a big audience during the sports events which they organize. This situation raises questions about their current capacity to meet the needs and expectations of spectators, to make them loyal and to try conquer new ones. In this context, the main aim of our research question is to know what are the factors which influence the decision of the spectators to attend sports events in Senegal; in other words, understand the motivations of the spectators to go (or not to go) to these events places. For that purpose, we analyzed the cases of three types of sports shows : (1) that of a modern import sport (the professional football championship); (2) that of a traditional sport (wrestling) and (3) that of a practice between communitarian tradition and modernity - "tropicalized" modern sport - (the popular Navetane championship), in order to highlight explanatory specificities.The results reveal six major factors which can influence the attendance of a sport event in Senegal: the proximity of the competition venues, the affirmation of identity, the passion for sport, the search for social interaction, the pursuit of pleasure and entertainment, emotional stimulation. At the same time, they allow us to highlight some criteria which can lead to better segment the offer of sports show: Their motivation to attend, their regularity, their degree of participation in the actions of “supporterism”, the link with violence , these are enough criteria that can help build an offer adapted to different categories of public.From a managerial point of view, this research work delivers information useful for the organizers. Indeed, they can allow them to have a better visibility of the demand (request): on the one hand a finer identification of public in the form of a typology, on the other hand, a characterization updated by their needs and expectations of their consumer behavior; this good knowledge of the market must lead them logically to more effective marketing strategies regarding segmentation of their offer and targeting of the various categories of public.