Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious zoonosis large incidence worldwide. It is characterized by systemic involvement and high potential lethality. The lung, as well as any other body, may be involved in its pathogenesis. Cough is a symptom described frequently in symptomatic forms of LV, but little studied. The main pulmonary alterations described are histological and immunological characterized by a inflammatory response predominantly interstitial and Th2 immune pattern. There is a gap involving lung function in patients of this disease This study has a cross-sectional design, aimed to describe the symptoms and pulmonary radiology, and also determine the frequency of spirometric alterations in patients with LV, through the realization of clinical evaluation, physical examination, chest radiography and spirometry in patients with diagnosis of VL during hospitalization. The study included 33 patients admitted to the University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe in the period July 2013 to July 2014. The sample was characterized as follows: half of the patients had age up to 14 years; were predominantly male (72.7%); most of the patients were residents of the state capital (42.2%); 87.9% of subjects had nutritional diagnosis of normal weight; the median time between symptom onset and hospitalization was 30 days. Respiratory symptoms was cough observed in 13 patients (39.4%), tachypnea in four (12.1%), hemoptysis in two (6%). Chest radiography was considered abnormal in four (12%) patients. Spirometry showed 56.3% frequency of spirometric alterations and average FEV1, FVC, FEV1 / FVC, FEF 25-75% below the expected values. The predominant lung disease was the restrictive (37.5%), followed by mixed disorder (12.5%) and obstructive disorder (6.3%). The frequency of respiratory symptoms shows pulmonary involvement in LV. The average of the measured values of FVC and FEV1 significantly lower compared to the average of the predicted values and the high percentage of spirometric alterations demonstrate the presence of functional disorders in the respiratory system. The prevalence of restrictive lung disease may be related to the main pulmonary abnormality described in LV, the interstitial lung disease. / A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose grave de ampla incidência mundial. Caracteriza-se pelo envolvimento sistêmico e alto potencial de letalidade. O pulmão, assim como qualquer outro órgão, pode estar envolvido na sua patogênese. A tosse é um sintoma descrito com frequência nas formas sintomáticas da LV, porém, pouco estudada. As principais alterações pulmonares descritas são histológicas e imunológicas, caracterizadas por uma resposta inflamatória predominantemente intersticial e padrão imunológico do tipo Th2. Existe, no entanto, uma lacuna envolvendo as características funcionais pulmonares. Este estudo, de delineamento transversal, objetivou descrever a sintomatologia e a radiologia pulmonar, e, também, determinar a frequência de alterações funcionais em pacientes portadores de LV, através da realização de avaliação clínica, exame físico, radiografia de tórax e espirometria em pacientes com diagnóstico de LV durante sua internação. Participaram do estudo 33 pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, no período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014. A amostra ficou assim caracterizada: metade dos pacientes possuía idade até 14 anos; houve predominância do sexo masculino (72,7%); a maior parte dos pacientes foi procedente da capital do Estado (42,2%); 87,9% dos indivíduos tiveram diagnóstico nutricional de eutrofia; a mediana de tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas e o internamento foi de 30 dias. Sintomas respiratórios estiveram presentes em 14 pacientes (42,4%). A radiografia de tórax foi considerada anormal em quatro (12%). A espirometria mostrou 56,3% de frequência de alterações funcionais e média dos valores VEF1, CVF, VEF1/CVF, FEF25-75% abaixo dos valores previstos. O distúrbio ventilatório predominante foi o restritivo (37,5%), seguido do distúrbio misto (12,5%) e do distúrbio obstrutivo (6,3%). A frequência de sintomas respiratórios evidencia envolvimento pulmonar na LV. A média dos valores medidos de CVF e do VEF1 significativamente menor em comparação à média dos valores previstos e o elevado percentual de alterações espirométricas demonstram a presença de distúrbios funcionais no sistema respiratório. A predominância do distúrbio ventilatório restritivo pode estar relacionada com a principal alteração pulmonar descrita na LV, a doença pulmonar intersticial.

Orientadores: Ilma Aparecida Paschoal, Marcos Tadeu Nolasco da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MariaAngelaGoncalvesdeOliveira_D.pdf: 4389859 bytes, checksum: d2d733c3beb145d2d27f1d75c4c068fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar parâmetros da espirometria e da capnografia volumétrica na identificação do padrão respiratório e da homogeneidade da ventilação em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística (FC) e compará-los com indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Estudo de corte transversal com crianças e adolescentes com e sem FC. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos em função da idade: Grupo I (42 fibrocisticos entre seis e 12 anos) e Grupo II (22 fibrocisticos entre 13 e 20 anos) e seus respectivos controles foram de 20 e de 74 sujeitos saudáveis. Foram avaliados pela espirometria a capacidade vital forçada (CVF), volume expiratório no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e o índice VEF1/CVF; e na capnografia, a oximetria de pulso (SpO2), freqüência respiratória (FR), tempo inspiratório (Ti), tempo expiratório (Te) e slope 3 normalizado por volume corrente (slope 3/Ve). Resultados: comparados aos controles, os pacientes do Grupo I apresentam menor SpO2 (p< 0,001), menor Ti (p=0,047), e maiores valores de slope3/Ve (p<0,001). Vinte e quatro pacientes do Grupo I tiveram espirometria normal e apresentaram valores maiores do slope3/Vê quando comparados ao grupo controle (p=0,036). Os pacientes do Grupo II apresentaram menores valores de SpO2 (p< 0,001), menor Ti (p< 0,001), menor Te (p< 0,001), maiores valores de FR (p< 0,001) e de slope3/Ve (p< 0,001) quando comparados aos seus controles e piores valores de CVF, VEF1 e VEF1/CVF (p< 0,05) quando comparados ao Grupo I. Conclusão: Comparados aos controles, os pacientes com fibrose cística mostraram maiores valores do slope 3, indicando disfunção da periferia das vias aéreas em todos os grupos estudados. A capnografia volumétrica identificou a não homogeneidade da distribuição da ventilação nas vias aéreas periféricas dos pacientes com espirometria normal. Descritores: eliminação de CO2 por respiração; slope 3/Ve; capnografia volumétrica; espirometria; fibrose cística. / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate spirometry and capnography parameters on identification of respiratory pattern and homogeneity of ventilation in patients with CF and to compare them to healthy subjects. Method: 64 patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis based on the finding of at least two abnormal sweat chloride concentrations determined by the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test performed capnography and spirometry in the morning return to the medical staff. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: Group I (42 patients aged 6 to 12 years) and Group II (22 patients between 13 to 20 years) and their controls were 20 and 74 patients respectively. Spirometrics parameters studied were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC index. Capnography parameters studies were, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), inpiratory time (IT) expiratory time (ET) and phase 3slope normalized by tidal volume (slope 3/EV). Results: compared to controls, patients in Group I had presented lower SpO2 (p< 0,001), lower Ti (p = 0.047), and higher values of slope3/Ve (p <0.001). Twentyfour patients in Group I had normal spirometry and had higher values slope3/Ve when compared to the control group (p = 0.036). Patients in Group II had significantly lower SpO2 (p< 0,001), lower IT (p< 0,001), lower ET (p< 0,001), and higher values of FR (p< 0,001) and slope3/Ve (p< 0,001), and worst values of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (p <0.05) compared to Group I. Conclusion: Compared to controls, patients with CF showed an increased slope 3. These results indicate dysfunction of the peripheral airways in all CF patients groups. Volumetric capnography identified the heterogeneity of the ventilation distribution in the peripheral airways of patients with normal spirometry. / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria C de C A M de Queiroz.pdf: 822426 bytes, checksum: 8df777b34b58f686da07aef26c269d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-02 / The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with systemic manifestations, mainly caused by smoking and is characterized by progressive bronchial obstruction irreversible or partially reversible. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, coughing and expectoration. The characteristics include systemic skeletal muscle dysfunction, weight loss, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Is mainly related to smoking and exposure to biomass. The spirometry in high-risk populations is a simple and effective method for the detection of COPD. The diagnosis at the initial stage of the disease allows the application of preventive measures in relation to smoking and the workplace. In Brazil, the underdiagnosis of COPD is due, among other factors, the underutilization of spirometry, the low rate of medical diagnosis in primary care units and the lack of knowledge about the patient's disease risk. The objective of this study is to investigate the underdiagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in primary care units and the factors associated with them, to identify individuals with clinical and functional criteria of COPD, to detect cases of underdiagnosis in subjects with COPD and assess the degree use of spirometry as a diagnostic method for COPD in the primary network. We recruited individuals aged 40 years or older and who had a smoking history of at least 20 pack / years. Participants answered a questionnaire on demographics, symptoms, previous medical diagnosis and underwent post bronchodilator spirometry. COPD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in one second over forced vital capacity less than 0.7. It was considered previously diagnosed individuals who responded affirmatively to one of the questions about whether they had received previous medical diagnosis of emphysema, chronic bronchitis or COPD. We evaluated 200 individuals, of which 63 met the criteria for COPD. In these subjects, there was a percentage of underdiagnosis of 71.4%, mean age was 65.9 ± 10.5 years, male predominance. There was no difference between subgroups with and without previous diagnosis regarding demographics and risk factors. Individuals with COPD and with prior diagnosis had a statistically significant difference with regard to sputum, wheezing and breathlessness, when compared to the subgroup without previous diagnosis (p = 0.047, p = 0.005 and p = 0.047). Dyspnea in patients with previous diagnosis was classified as 44.4% in the second MRC. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, percentage of predicted was significantly lower in individuals with prior diagnosis and COPD was predominantly mild to moderate in both groups. There is a considerable percentage of underdiagnosis of COPD in the units studied, a third of patients with risk factors evaluated showed clinical and functional criteria for COPD and the degree of use of spirometry to diagnose COPD was insignificant. / A Doença obstrutiva pulmonar crônica (DPOC) é uma doença com manifestações sistêmicas, causada principalmente pelo hábito de fumar e é caracterizada pela obstrução brônquica progressiva irreversível ou parcialmente reversível. Os sintomas respiratórios incluem dispneia, sibilância, tosse e expectoração. As características sistêmicas incluem disfunção do músculo esquelético, perda de peso, depressão, ansiedade, osteoporose, risco aumentado de doenças cardiovasculares. Está relacionada, principalmente, ao hábito de fumar e à exposição à fumaça de biomassa. A realização da espirometria em populações de alto risco é um método simples e eficaz para a detecção da DPOC. O diagnóstico na fase inicial da doença possibilita a aplicação de medidas preventivas em relação ao tabagismo e ao ambiente de trabalho. No Brasil, o subdiagnóstico da DPOC decorre, entre outros fatores, da sub-utilização da espirometria, do baixo índice de diagnóstico médico nas unidades de atenção primária e do desconhecimento do paciente sobre o risco da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o subdiagnóstico da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) em unidades básicas de saúde e os fatores a ele associados; identificar indivíduos com critérios clínicos e funcionais de DPOC; detectar casos de subdiagnóstico nos indivíduos com DPOC e verificar o grau de utilização da espirometria como método diagnóstico da DPOC na rede primária. O estudo foi analítico, observacional e transversal. Foram recrutados 200 indivíduos com idade de 40 anos ou mais e que tinham história de tabagismo de pelo menos 20 anos / maço e exposição à fumaça de biomassa. Participantes responderam a um questionário sobre dados demográficos, sintomas, diagnóstico médico prévio e foram submetidos à espirometria pós broncodilatadora. DPOC foi definida como uma relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo sobre capacidade vital forçada menor que 0,7. Foi considerado como tendo diagnóstico prévio aqueles indivíduos que responderam afirmativamente a uma das perguntas sobre se haviam recebido diagnóstico médico prévio de enfisema, bronquite crônica ou DPOC. Foram avaliados 200 indivíduos, dos quais, 63 apresentaram critérios para DPOC. Nestes indivíduos houve um percentual de subdiagnóstico de 71,4%; média de idade foi de 65,9 ± 10,5 anos; predomínio do sexo masculino. Não houve diferença entre os subgrupos com e sem diagnóstico prévio em relação fatores demográficos e fatores de risco. Os indivíduos com DPOC e com diagnóstico prévio apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante no tocante à expectoração, chiado e dispneia, quando comparados ao subgrupo sem diagnóstico prévio (p=0,047, p=0,005 e p =0,047). A dispneia, nos indivíduos com diagnóstico prévio, foi classificada como MRC 2 em 44,4 %. O VEF1 e VEF1/CVF, em percentual do previsto, foram significativamente menores nos indivíduos com diagnóstico prévio e a DPOC foi predominante leve a moderada em ambos os grupos. Existe um percentual considerável de subdiagnóstico de DPOC nas unidades estudadas; um terço dos pacientes com fator de risco avaliados apresentaram critérios clínicos e funcionais para DPOC e o grau de utilização da espirometria para diagnóstico da DPOC foi insignificante.

Introdução: As complicações respiratórias, somadas a baixos volumes pulmonares e tosse ineficiente, decorrentes da fraqueza da musculatura respiratória nas doenças neuromusculares (DNM), são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do treinamento de empilhamento de ar na função respiratória de pacientes com DNM. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo em 21 pacientes com DNM, idade entre 7 e 23 anos. Todos foram submetidos a avaliações respiratórias a cada 4 e 6 meses. Realizou-se espirometria e medida do pico de fluxo de tosse não assistido e assistido (PFTNA e PFTASS) com insuflações e empilhamento de ar com ressuscitador manual. Os pacientes e cuidadores foram treinados e orientados a realizar o treinamento das manobras de empilhamento de ar diariamente no domicílio. A análise estatística utilizou o pacote estatístico como médias ± desvios-padrão, foram submetidas ao teste de normalidade de D\'Agostino-Pearson. Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguidas do teste Post Hoc de Tukey. O pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) não exibiu distribuição normal e, por isso, foi submetido ao teste de Friedman seguido do teste Post Hoc de Dunn. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram calculados e nível de significância estabelecido foi p < 0,05. Resultados: Houve aumento na estatura média dos pacientes de 2,5 cm (p < 0,0001). A média da capacidade de insuflação máxima (CIM) foi maior que a capacidade vital forçada (CVF) basal em todas as avaliações (p < 0,0001). Houve aumento na média da CVF e CIM (p < 0,01), PFTNA (p < 0,05) e no PFTASS após período de treinamento nos pacientes com escoliose não estruturada ou ausente. Conclusão: O treinamento domiciliar com insuflações e empilhamento de ar deve ser enfatizado nas DNM, pois aumenta o PFT. Tal treinamento aumenta a CVF basal e o PFTNA nos pacientes sem deformidades torácicas. / Introduction: Respiratory complications, low lung volumes and inefficient cough, resulting from weakness of respiratory muscles are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neuromuscular patients (NMD). Objective: To assess the effects of air stacking training on lung function in patients with NMD. Methods: Prospective study in 21 patients with NMD aged 7 to 23 years. Al patients underwent respiratory evaluations every 4 to 6 months. Was performed spirometry and measurement of unassisted peak cough flow (UPCF) and assisted peak cough flow (APCF) with insufflations and air stacking with manual resuscitator. The patients and caregivers were trained and were prescribed lung insufflations by air stacking three times each day at home. The statistical analysis used the statistical package GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Windows. Spirometric variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations, were subject to normality test D\'Agostino-Pearson. We used ANOVA for repeated measures followed by post hoc Tukey test. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) did not exhibit normal distribution and therefore was subjected to the Friedman test followed by Dunn´s post hoc test. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: There was in increase in the average height of 2.5 cm, of the patients (p < 0.0001). The mean maximum insufflation capacity (MIC) was greater than forced vital capacity (FVC) baseline for all evaluations (p < 0.0001). There was increase in mean FVC and MIC (p < 0.001), UPCF (p < 0.05) and APCF (p < 0.01) after air stacking training period in patients without scoliosis or unstructured. Conclusion: The air stacking training home should be emphasized in NMD. This training increases the FVC and UPCF in patients without scoliosis or unstructured.

Introdução: A asma relacionada ao trabalho é a doença respiratória ocupacional mais comum e engloba a asma ocupacional e a asma agravada pelo trabalho. No Brasil, a legislação (NR7) determina que exames espirométricos sejam realizados periodicamente para os trabalhadores expostos a aerodispersóides. Essa determinação teria, entre seus propósitos, o de detectar doenças respiratórias, incluindo asma, mais precocemente e reduzir o risco ao trabalhador. No entanto, a capacidade dessa rotina em detectar a asma precocemente necessita de confirmação. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a ocorrência de sintomas nos trabalhadores expostos à aerodispersóides que apresentam espirometria normal. Assim, conheceremos as possibilidades de haver doença respiratória nesses casos. O estudo foi desenvolvido com 180 trabalhadores da cidade de Franca que apresentam exposição à aerodispersóides e que tinham espirometria normal; foi aplicado um questionário testado e validado para sintomas respiratórios e relação desses sintomas com o ambiente de trabalho. Resultados: Os sintomas foram detectados em 48 (26,7%) dos trabalhadores. Algum sintoma, incluindo sintoma nasal e prurido ocular, foi detectado em 26,7% da amostra de trabalhadores com espirometria normal. Dentre os sintomas compatíveis com asma, falta de ar estava presente em 8,3% da amostra; tosse, em 7,7% da amostra e sibilos em 3,3%. O tempo médio de exposição de 67 meses e idade média de 37 anos todos com espirometria normal. Conclusão: O presente estudo permitiu identificar os sintomas respiratórios apresentados pelos trabalhadores expostos a aerodispersóides, tipo e tempo de exposição, dados esses que podem contribuir para o melhor planejamento das ações de prevenção de doenças respiratórias ocupacionais. É possível haver doença respiratória, inclusive asma, em trabalhadores com espirometria normal, o que sugere que um questionário de sintomas poderia melhorar a capacidade de detectar doença respiratória ocupacional nos trabalhadores expostos. / Introduction: Work-related asthma is the most common occupational respiratory disease and includes both occupational asthma and asthma aggravated by work. In Brazil, the legislation (NR7) determines that spirometry exams be performed on a regular basis for workers exposed to aerodispersoids. Among other purposes, this determination aims at the early detection of respiratory diseases, including asthma, in order to reduce the risks to workers. However, the effectiveness of this routine in the early detection of asthma needs to be confirmed. The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of symptoms in workers exposed to aerodispersoids presenting normal spirometry. This will evidence the possibilities of presence of respiratory disease in these cases. The study was developed with 180 workers from the city of Franca, presenting exposure to aerodispersoids and who had normal spirometry values; a questionnaire tested and validated in previous studies was applied in order to obtain data on respiratory symptoms and the relationship of these symptoms to the work environment. Results: The symptoms were detected in 48 (26.7%) workers. A symptom, including nasal symptom and ocular pruritus, was detected in 26.7% of the sample of workers with normal spirometry values. Among the symptoms compatible with asthma, dyspnea was present in 8.3% of the sample; cough in 7.7% of the sample, and respiratory sounds in 3.3%. The mean time of exposure was 67 months and the mean age was 37 years, all with normal spirometry values. Conclusion: The present study allowed to identify the respiratory symptoms presented by workers exposed to aerodispersoids, and type and time of exposure, which can contribute for a better planning of preventive actions for respiratory diseases. It is possible to find respiratory diseases, including asthma, in workers with normal spirometry values, which suggests that a questionnaire of symptoms could improve the ability to detect occupational respiratory diseases in exposed workers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o grau de correlação entre testes de cabeceira e testes de função pulmonar em quatro grupos de indivíduos: sadios, gestantes (36ª semana), obesos (IMC 40 Kg/m2) e idosos ( 60 anos). Foram estudados 20 indivíduos por grupo. Os testes realizados foram: Teste de ventilação (ventilometria, VVM, Espirometria, Medidas de Pimax e Pemáx) e Testes de Cabeceira (Teste da Vela, Teste de Apnéia, Cirtometrias torácica e abdominal). Para a medida de ventilometria e VVM foi utilizado um ventilômetro e para as medidas de CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF% e PFE utilizou-se um espirômetro portátil. Para as medidas de Pimax e Pemáx utilizou-se um manovacuômetro analógico. No Teste da vela considerou-se a distância em que a chama foi apagada. A distância inicial foi de 60 cm e esta foi diminuída de 10 em 10 centímetros até que o sucesso fosse atingido. No teste de apnéia, após 3 testes, foi considerado o maior tempo. No grupo obeso, as correlações do Teste de Apnéia com a VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE e Pemáx foram estatisticamente significantes. Houve correlação significante do Teste da Apnéia com a VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE e Pemáx. No teste da vela, os coeficientes foram todos positivos, com exceção do grupo gestante no qual eles foram negativos. Houve correlação significante do torácico inspiratório em quase todos os grupos. Houve correlação do torácico expiratório com a VVM apenas no grupo obeso. No abdominal inspiratório, os coeficientes foram todas positivos, mas sem significância estatística. Na correlação do abdominal expiratório, houve correlação positiva com todos os testes de ventilação, exceto no grupo controle, que mostrou correlação negativa do abdominal expiratório com VVM e PFE. Os testes de cabeceira possuem correlação com os testes espirométricos. . / The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of correlation between bed side tests and tests of pulmonary function in four groups of individuals: healthy, pregnant (36ª week), obese (IMC > 40 Kg/m2) and elderly (> 60 years). Twenty individuals for group had been studied. The carried through tests had been: test of ventilation (ventilometry, VVM, spirometry, Measures of Pimax and Pemáx) and bed side tests (Test of the Candle, Test of Apnea, thoracic and abdominal circunference). For the measure of ventilometry and VVM, a ventilometer was used one and for the measures of CVF, VEF1, VEF1/CVF and PFE one was used portable espirometer. For the measures of Pimax and Pemáx one was used analogical manavacuometer. In the Test of the candle it was considered in the distance where the flame was extinguished. In the distance initial it was of 60 cm and this was diminished of 10 in 10 centimeters until the success was reached. In the apnea test, after 3 tests, were considered the biggest time. In the group obese, the correlations of the Test of Apnea with the VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE and Pemáx had been statistical significant. It had significant correlation of the Test of the Apnea with the VVM, CVF, VEF1, PFE and Pemáx. In the test of the candle, the coefficients had been all positives, with exception of the pregnant group in which they had been negative. toracic inspiratory in almost all had significant correlation of all the groups. thoracic expiratory with only the VVM in the group had correlation of obese. In abdominal inspiratory, the coefficients had been all positives, but without significance statistics. In the correlation of abdominal expiratory, had positive correlation with all the ventilation tests, except in the group has control, that it showed to negative correlation of abdominal expiratory with VVM and PFE. The bed side tests possess correlation with the spirometrics tests.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-26T14:07:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniocarlosmaneiragodinhonetto.pdf: 473934 bytes, checksum: a2e5620f93620359b89e694ba7b5b2bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:05:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniocarlosmaneiragodinhonetto.pdf: 473934 bytes, checksum: a2e5620f93620359b89e694ba7b5b2bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:05:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniocarlosmaneiragodinhonetto.pdf: 473934 bytes, checksum: a2e5620f93620359b89e694ba7b5b2bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-23 / A imunocenessência e a diminuição da função pulmonar que ocorrem com o envelhecimento tornam o idoso mais vulnerável as doenças respiratórias obstrutivas crônicas. A dosagem do óxido nítrico exalado (FeNO) na avaliação do processo inflamatório da asma na criança e adulto jovem está bem sedimentado por pesquisas e, apesar de não ser invasivo, ter boa aceitabilidade e apresentar resultados imediatos tem poucos estudos em idosos. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a possível contribuição do FeNO para o diagnóstico de doenças respiratórias obstrutivas em idosos através de um estudo descritivo transversal onde a amostra foi composta por 202 idosos que frequentam o ambulatório do Hospital Therezinha de Jesus em Juiz de Fora. Passaram pela avaliação de sintomas clínicos através da aplicação do modulo de Asma do teste de ISAAC modificado para o idoso e roteiro para diagnóstico de DPOC baseado nos critérios do estudo GOLD, sendo que, destes, 43 fizeram avaliação da função pulmonar (espirometria) e FeNO. Foi critério de exclusão Idosos que apresentarem Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva classe III e IV, Demência, Parkinson ou sequela de AVC, idosos em uso crônico de corticosteroides sistêmicos ou portadores de doenças que acarretam imunodeficiência, idosos que apresentem contra indicação ao uso de broncodilatadores, tabagistas ou ex-tabagistas que tenham parado de fumar há menos de 1 ano e aqueles que não concordarem em participar do estudo. Dos 202 idosos, 34 apresentaram asma (23 definitiva e 11 provável), 20 contemplaram os critérios para DPOC, 13 tiveram a sobreposição de asma + DPOC e 135 não apresentaram critérios para doença respiratória obstrutiva. Dos 43 idosos que dosaram FeNO, 10 apresentaram resultados alterados (23,2%) e 33 normais (76,7%). A média do valor de FeNO dos pacientes com asma definitiva e provável que fizeram este procedimento foi de 29,2 ppb, enquanto os não asmáticos tiveram uma média de FeNO de 17,5 ppb, com um valor de p=0,002. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram relação evidente dos níveis de FeNO com os sintomas de asma ou diagnóstico prévio de asma no paciente idoso. / Immunosenescence and aging-related decreases of pulmonary function make the elderly more vulnerable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The usefulness of measurements of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been well documented in evaluations of asthma inflammatory processes in children and young adults. However, few reports have examined FeNO measurements in elderly patients. The main objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the contribution of FeNO measurements in the diagnoses of obstructive pulmonary diseases in 202 elderly out patients of the Hospital Teresinha de Jesus in Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The patients’ clinical symptoms were assessed with the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) asthma module for elderly patients and the diagnostic routine for COPD, which was based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Of the 202 patients, 43 were subjected to pulmonary function evaluations (spirometry) and FeNO measurements. The exclusion criteria included class III/IV congestive heart insufficiency, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral vascular accident sequelae, chronic systemic corticosteroid use, immunodeficiency diseases, contraindications for bronchodilator use, smokers or smokers who had stopped smoking forless than one year, and patient refusal to participate. Of the 202 patients, 34 had asthma (23 definite and 11 probable), 20 fit the criteria for COPD, 13 had asthma-COPD overlap, and 135 did not fit the criteria for obstructive pulmonary disease. Of the 43 who were tested for FeNO, 10 showed altered results (23.2%), and 33 showed normal results (76.7%). The FeNO measurements were significantly increased (p = 0.002) in the patients with definite and probable asthma (29.2 parts per billion) compared withn on asthmatic patients (17.5 parts per billion).These results suggested that elderly patients have a significant incidence of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome and that it is important that this syndrome be diagnosed in this population. In addition, this study showed a significant relationship between FeNO values and asthma symptoms or previous asthma diagnoses in elderly patients.

Orientador: Wilson Nadruz Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:29:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_PauloRobertoAraujo_M.pdf: 976609 bytes, checksum: d5b069ade658cb23f9494d04dbbb255d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Pacientes hipertensos estão predispostos ao remodelamento do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) e frequentemente apresentam queda na função pulmonar quando comparados à população geral. Neste estudo investigamos a associação entre dados espirométricos e ecocardiográficos em indivíduos hipertensos não fumantes. Num estudo transversal, 107 pacientes hipertensos (60 mulheres) foram avaliados por análises clínicas, hemodinâmicas, laboratoriais e ecocardiográficos. A capacidade vital (CV), a capacidade vital forçada (CVF), o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), o volume expiratório forçado no sexto segundo (VEF6) e a relação VEF1\CVF foram medidos através de espirometria. Nas mulheres, o índice de massa do VE e a relação E\Em correlacionaram-se com variáveis espirométricas, enquanto que a espessura relativa da parede somente se correlacionou com o percentual de CVF previsto. Nos homens, somente o índice de massa do VE se correlacionou com variáveis espirométricas. Análise de regressão tipo stepwise mostrou que o índice de massa do VE não esteve associado com nemhum parâmetro espirométrico após ajuste para os potenciais confundidores nos homens, enquanto que CVF e VEF6 se associaram de maneira significativa com a massa do VE e a relação E\Em no sexo feminino. Entretanto, marcadores inflamatórios tais como Proteína C reativa plasmática e os níveis séricos de metaloproteinases 2 e 9 não influenciaram estas associações. Em conclusão, o declínio na função pulmonar está independentemente associado com maior massa e pior função diastólica do VE em mulheres hipertensas / Abstract: Hypertensive patients are predisposed to left ventricular (LV) remodeling and frequently exhibit decline in lung function as compared to the general population. Here, we investigated the association between spirometric and echocardiographic data in non-smoking hypertensive subjects. In a cross-sectional study, 107 hypertensive patients (60 women) were evaluated by clinical, hemodynamic, laboratory and echocardiographic analysis. Vital capacity, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1s (FEV1) and in 6s (FEV6) and FEV1/FVC ratio were estimated by spirometry. In women, LV mass index and E/Em ratio correlated with spirometric variables, while relative wall thickness only correlated with the percentage of predicted FVC. In men, only LV mass index correlated with spirometric variables. Stepwise regression analysis showed that LV mass index did not associate with any spirometric parameter after adjustment for potential confounders in men, while markers of restrictive and obstructive lung dysfunction, such as reduced FVC and FEV6, were significantly associated with LV mass and E/Em ratio in women. Furthermore, inflammatory markers such plasma C-reactive protein and matrix-metalloproteinases-2 and -9 levels did not influence these associations. In conclusion, decline in lung function is independently associated with higher LV mass and worse LV diastolic function in hypertensive women / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestre em Clinica Medica

The aim of the study was to compose and realize physiotherapeutic program for children with congenital heart disease to improve their postural-respirational function and to assess the influence of this program on cardiopulmonary functions of the patients. Our group had five patients with mean age of 15,6 years. Each of them underwent initial examination of the motor system, spirometry and spiroergometric exercise test. Physiotherapeutic program consisted of 8 individual therapies and home-based exercise. Therapy was composed from manual techniques, exercise according to Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation concept and exercise with inspiratory trainer and improvised PEP system. The final examination was performed in the same manner as the initial one. We compared the results of both examinations, but we found no significant improvement after the physiotherapeutic program.

Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) is an under-diagnosed disease with a prevalence of approximately 10%, highly dependent on age and smoking habits. Comorbidities are common in COPD and of these, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death globally, and CVD probably contribute to the high mortality. Within CVD, Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the most common. It is highly clinically relevant to identify signs of ischemic heart disease, other cardiac conditions, and risk factors for CVD in COPD. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple but still major diagnostic tool in clinical cardiology, including disturbances in the electric conduction system and ischemia. Due to the under-diagnosis of COPD, there is limited knowledge regarding the prevalence and prognostic impact of ECG abnormalities in COPD. Arterial stiffness is a risk factor for CVD, which has raised an increased interest, however not evaluated in population based studies of COPD. Aim The overall aim was to describe cardiovascular aspects on COPD, with a specific focus on arterial stiffness, prevalence and prognostic impact of ischemic ECG abnormalities and prolonged QT interval, by comparing subjects with and without obstructive lung function impairment in a population-based cohort. Methods The thesis is based on the Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) COPD study; a population-based longitudinal cohort study. During the years 2002-2004, all participants in clinical examinations from previously recruited large population-based cohorts were invited to re-examination including spirometry and a structured interview. All subjects with obstructive lung function impairment (n=993) were identified, together with 993 age and sex-matched referents without airway obstruction. The study population (n=1986) has been invited to annual examinations since 2005 including spirometry and structured interview. Papers I-III are based on data from 2005 when electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in addition to the basic program. All ECGs were Minnesota coded and QT-time was measured. Paper IV is based data from 2010 when non-invasive measurements of arterial stiffness, assessed as pulse wave velocity (PWV), was added to the program. Spirometric data were classified as normal lung function (NLF), restrictive spirometric pattern (RSP) and airway obstruction (COPD). The following spirometric criteria for COPD were used: post-bronchodilator FEV1/VC&lt;0.70 (papers I-IV, in paper III labelled GOLD-COPD) and lower limit of normal, LLN (LLN-COPD) (paper III). Spirometric classification of COPD severity was based on FEV1 % predicted as a continuous variable or according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), divided into GOLD 1-4. Results The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD), both self-reported and assessed as probable and possible ischemic ECG abnormalities (I-ECG) according to the Whitehall criteria, was similar among subjects with NLF and COPD. The prevalence of both self-reported and probable (I-ECG) according to Whitehall increased by GOLD grade.  Among those with COPD, self-reported IHD was associated with disease severity, assessed as FEV1 % predicted also after adjustment for age and sex (paper I). In both COPD and NLF, those with I-ECG had a higher cumulative mortality over 5 years than those without I-ECG (29.6 vs. 10.6%, p&lt;0.001 and 17.1 vs. 6.3 %, p=0.001). When analysed in a multivariate model, the Mortality Risk Ratio (MRR, 95%CI) was increased for subjects with COPD and I-ECG (2.4, 1.5-3.9), and non-significantly so for NLF with I-ECG (1.65, 0.94-2.90), when compared to NLF without I-ECG.  When analyzed separately among subjects with COPD, the increased risk for death associated with I-ECG persisted independent of age, sex, BMI-class, smoking habits and disease severity assessed as FEV1 % predicted (1.89, 1.20-2.99). The proportion without reported IHD was high among those with I-ECG; 72.4% in NLF and 67.3% in COPD. The pattern was similar also among them; I-ECG was associated with an increased risk for death in COPD and non-significantly so in NLF (paper II). Mean corrected QT-time (QTc) and prevalence of QTc prolongation was higher in RSP than NLF but similar in NLF and GOLD-COPD. The prevalence of borderline as well as prolonged QTc increased by GOLD grade (test for trend p=0.012 for both groups). Of those with GOLD-COPD, 52% fulfilled the LLN-criterion (LLN-COPD). When comparing LLN-COPD and NLF, the pattern was similar as when comparing NLF and GOLD-COPD. The cumulative mortality over 5 years was higher among subjects with borderline and prolonged QTc than those with normal QTc in subjects with GOLD-COPD and LLN-COPD but not in NLF and RSP (paper III). Arterial stiffness, assessed as PWV, was higher in GOLD 3-4 compared to non-COPD (10.52 vs. 9.13 m/s, p=0.042). Reported CVD and age &gt;60 were both associated with significantly higher PWV in COPD as well as in non-COPD. In a multivariate model, GOLD 3-4 remained associated with higher PWV when compared with non-COPD, also when adjusted for sex, age group, smoking habits, blood pressure, reported CVD and pulse rate (paper IV). Conclusion In this population-based study, the prevalence of ischemic ECG abnormalities was similar among subjects with normal lung function and COPD, but increased by disease severity among subjects with COPD. Ischemic ECG abnormalities were associated with an increased mortality among subjects with COPD, independent of common confounders and disease severity, also among those without known heart disease. Whilst the prevalence of QTc prolongation was similar in NLF, COPD and LLN-COPD, it was associated with an increased mortality only in the COPD-groups. ECG is a simple non-invasive method and seems to identify findings of prognostic importance among subjects with COPD. Central arterial stiffness, a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, was increased among subjects with severe and very severe COPD when compared to subjects without COPD independent of common confounders.