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[en] SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY / [pt] GESTÃO DA MANUTENÇÃO DE SOFTWARE: UM ESTUDO DE CASOANA PAULA LIMA LUCAS 09 June 2017 (has links)
[pt] A organização participante deste trabalho buscou implantar atividades relacionadas à manutenção de software em função de problemas relacionados à grande ocorrência de defeitos, constantes retrabalhos, entre outros. Para suprimir esses problemas, inicialmente, foi elaborado um estudo preliminar do sistema em questão, avaliando o estado atual da manutenção de software. Diante do diagnóstico realizado, ficou evidente a necessidade de mudanças na maneira como eram conduzidas as atividades de manutenção do sistema. Com isso, iniciou-se a busca por alternativas de melhorias com objetivo de reduzir a ocorrência de defeitos e também aumentar a manutenibilidade do sistema. Sabendo quais são os problemas e o que poderia ser feito para melhorar, propôs-se adotar algumas práticas do modelo de maturidade de manutenção de software - SMmm e integrar os conceitos destas práticas em um processo definido e adaptado às necessidades do sistema. Para apoiar essa implementação, a infraestrutura utilizada foi a plataforma Team Foundation Service - TFS que colaborou com a implementação das práticas selecionadas segundo as exigências do modelo SMmm, resultando em um processo definido apoiado pelo TFS que implementa parcialmente o modelo SMmm. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso com o objetivo de avaliar os benefícios proporcionados pela utilização de algumas práticas do modelo SMmm. A avaliação realizada confronta os dados do estudo preliminar com dados coletados após adoção das práticas, os resultados analisados apontaram uma redução significativa da quantidade de defeitos. / [en] The company participating in this work sought to implement activities related to software maintenance due to problems related to the great occurrence of defects, constant rework, among others. To suppress these problems, a preliminary study of the system in question has been elaborated, evaluating the current state of software maintenance. In view of the diagnosis, the necessity of changes became evident concerning the way that the system maintenance activities were conducted. With this, the search for alternatives of improvements began with the objective of reducing the occurrence of defects and also increase the maintainability of the system. Knowing the problems and what could be done to improve; it was proposed to accede some practices of the software maintenance maturity model - SMmm and to integrate the concepts of these practices into a defined process and adapted to the needs of the system. To support this implementation, the infrastructure used was the Team Foundation Service - TFS platform that collaborated with the implementation of the selected practices according to the requirements of the SMmm model, resulting in a defined process supported by the TFS that partially implements the SMmm model. This paper presents a case study with the objective of evaluating the benefits provided by the use of some practices of the SMmm model. The evaluation carried out compared the data from the preliminary study with data collected after adoption of the practices, the analyzed results pointed out a significant reduction in the number of issues.
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Automatiserade regressionstester avseende arbetsflöden och behörigheter i ProjectWise. : En fallstudie om ProjectWise på Trafikverket / Automated regression tests regarding workflows and permissions in ProjectWise.Ograhn, Fredrik, Wande, August January 2016 (has links)
Test av mjukvara görs i syfte att se ifall systemet uppfyller specificerade krav samt för att hitta fel. Det är en viktig del i systemutveckling och involverar bland annat regressionstestning. Regressionstester utförs för att säkerställa att en ändring i systemet inte medför att andra delar i systemet påverkas negativt. Dokumenthanteringssystem hanterar ofta känslig data hos organisationer vilket ställer höga krav på säkerheten. Behörigheter i system måste därför testas noggrant för att säkerställa att data inte hamnar i fel händer. Dokumenthanteringssystem gör det möjligt för flera organisationer att samla sina resurser och kunskaper för att nå gemensamma mål. Gemensamma arbetsprocesser stöds med hjälp av arbetsflöden som innehåller ett antal olika tillstånd. Vid dessa olika tillstånd gäller olika behörigheter. När en behörighet ändras krävs regressionstester för att försäkra att ändringen inte har gjort inverkan på andra behörigheter. Denna studie har utförts som en kvalitativ fallstudie vars syfte var att beskriva utmaningar med regressionstestning av roller och behörigheter i arbetsflöden för dokument i dokumenthanteringssystem. Genom intervjuer och en observation så framkom det att stora utmaningar med dessa tester är att arbetsflödens tillstånd följer en förutbestämd sekvens. För att fullfölja denna sekvens så involveras en enorm mängd behörigheter som måste testas. Det ger ett mycket omfattande testarbete avseende bland annat tid och kostnad. Studien har riktat sig mot dokumenthanteringssystemet ProjectWise som förvaltas av Trafikverket. Beslutsunderlag togs fram för en teknisk lösning för automatiserad regressionstestning av roller och behörigheter i arbetsflöden åt ProjectWise. Utifrån en kravinsamling tillhandahölls beslutsunderlag som involverade Team Foundation Server (TFS), Coded UI och en nyckelordsdriven testmetod som en teknisk lösning. Slutligen jämfördes vilka skillnader den tekniska lösningen kan utgöra mot manuell testning. Utifrån litteratur, dokumentstudie och förstahandserfarenheter visade sig testautomatisering kunna utgöra skillnader inom ett antal identifierade problemområden, bland annat tid och kostnad. / Software testing is done in order to see whether the system meets specified requirements and to find bugs. It is an important part of system development and involves, among other things, regression testing. Regression tests are performed to ensure that a change in the system does not affect other parts of the system adversely. Document management systems often deals with sensitive data for organizations, which place high demands on safety. Permissions in the system has to be tested thoroughly to ensure that data does not fall into the wrong hands. Document management systems make it possible for organizations to pool their resources and knowledge together to achieve common goals. Common work processes are supported through workflows that contains a variety of states. These different permissions apply to different states. When a permission changes regression tests are required to ensure that the changes has not made an impact on other permissions. This study was conducted as a qualitative case study whose purpose was to describe the challenges of regression testing of roles and permissions in document workflows in a document management system. Through interviews and an observation it emerged that the major challenges of these tests is that workflow states follow a predetermined sequence. To complete this sequence, a huge amount of permissions must be tested. This provides a very extensive test work that is time consuming and costly. The study was directed toward the document management system ProjectWise, managed by Trafikverket. Supporting documentation for decision making was produced for a technical solution for automated regression testing of roles and permissions in workflows for ProjectWise. Based on a requirement gathering decision-making was provided that involved the Team Foundation Server (TFS), Coded UI and a keyword-driven test method for a technical solution. Finally, a comparison was made of differences in the technical solution versus today's manual testing. Based on literature, document studies and first hand experiences, test automation provides differences in a number of problem areas, including time and cost.
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Functional and evolutionary characterization of flowering-related long non-coding RNAsChen, Li 17 May 2021 (has links)
Genomweite Bemühungen haben eine große Anzahl langer nichtkodierender RNAs (lncRNAs) identifiziert, obwohl ihre möglichen Funktionen weitgehend rätselhaft bleiben. Hier verwendeten wir ein System zur synchronisierten Blüteninduktion in Arabidopsis, um 4106 blütenbezogene lange intergene RNAs (lincRNAs) zu identifizieren. Blütenbezogene lincRNAs sind typischerweise mit funktionellen Enhancern assoziiert, die bidirektional transkribiert werden und mit verschiedenen funktionellen Genmodulen assoziiert sind, die mit der Entwicklung von Blütenorganen zusammenhängen, die durch Koexpressionsnetzwerkanalyse aufgedeckt wurden. Die Master-regulatorischen Transkriptionsfaktoren (TFs) APETALA1 (AP1) und SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) binden an lincRNA-assoziierte Enhancer. Die Bindung dieser TFs korreliert mit der Zunahme der lincRNA-Transkription und fördert möglicherweise die Zugänglichkeit von Chromatin an Enhancern, gefolgt von der Aktivierung einer Untergruppe von Zielgenen. Darüber hinaus ist die Evolutionsdynamik von lincRNAs in Pflanzen, einschließlich nicht blühender Pflanzen, noch nicht bekannt, und das Expressionsmuster in verschiedenen Pflanzenarten war ziemlich unbekannt. Hier identifizierten wir Tausende von lincRNAs in 26 Pflanzenarten, einschließlich nicht blühender Pflanzen. Ein direkter Vergleich von lincRNAs zeigt, dass die meisten lincRNAs speziesspezifisch sind und das Expressionsmuster von lincRNAs einen hohen Transkriptionsumsatz nahe legt. Darüber hinaus zeigen konservierte lincRNAs eine aktive Regulation durch Transkriptionsfaktoren wie AP1 und SEP3. Konservierte lincRNAs zeigen eine konservierte blütenbezogene Funktionalität sowohl in der Brassicaceae- als auch in der Grasfamilie. Die Evolutionslandschaft von lincRNAs in Pflanzen liefert wichtige Einblicke in die Erhaltung und Funktionalität von lincRNAs. / Genome-wide efforts have identified a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), although their potential functions remain largely enigmatic. Here, we used a system for synchronized floral induction in Arabidopsis to identify 4106 flower-related long intergenic RNAs (lincRNAs). Flower-related lincRNAs are typically associated with functional enhancers which are bi-directionally transcribed and are associated with diverse functional gene modules related to floral organ development revealed by co-expression network analysis. The master regulatory transcription factors (TFs) APETALA1 (AP1) and SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) bind to lincRNA-associated enhancers. The binding of these TFs is correlated with the increase in lincRNA transcription and potentially promotes chromatin accessibility at enhancers, followed by activation of a subset of target genes. Furthermore, the evolutionary dynamics of lincRNAs in plants including non-flowering plants still remain to be elusive and the expression pattern in different plant species was quite unknown. Here, we identified thousands of lincRNAs in 26 plant species including non-flowering plants, and allow us to infer sequence conserved and synteny based homolog lincRNAs, and explore conserved characteristics of lincRNAs during plants evolution. Direct comparison of lincRNAs reveals most lincRNAs are species-specific and the expression pattern of lincRNAs suggests their high evolutionary gain and loss. Moreover, conserved lincRNAs show active regulation by transcriptional factors such as AP1 and SEP3. Conserved lincRNAs demonstrate conserved flower related functionality in both the Brassicaceae and grass family. The evolutionary landscape of lincRNAs in plants provide important insights into the conservation and functionality of lincRNAs.
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Thermal Fluctuation Spectroscopy And Its Application In The Study Of BiomoleculesNagapriya, K S 08 1900 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to study the energy fluctuations (leading to thermal fluctuations) during thermal and enzymatic denaturation of biological molecules and to study the variation in fluctuations between simple molecules like the DNA (which have only a secondary structure) to molecules with higher order structures and packaging. We have developed a new technique - Thermal Fluctuation Spectroscopy (TFS) to study these fluctuations.
The technique of Thermal Fluctuation Spectroscopy (TFS) is a combination of microcalorimetry and noise measurement techniques. The combination of these two powerful techniques has never been exploited before. In this technique any energy exchange between sample and the substrate is reflected as a thermal fluctuation of the substrate. The system resolution is few parts per billion (ppb) and fluctuations in energy ~ 100nJ (which correspond to temperature fluctuations ~ K) can be measured.
Chromatin is the basic building block of chromosome and this thesis focuses on the constituents this fundamental building block - DNA, histones and nucleosomes.
Heteropolymeric dsDNA shows extremely large non-Gaussian fluctuation around its melting temperature. For homopolymeric DNA the fluctuations during denaturation are smaller. The thermal fluctuation during denaturation of a heteropolymer in buffer is several orders larger than when the DNA is on a substrate while that for a homopolymer is comparable in both cases. Our measurements established that heteropolymeric dsDNA denaturation occurs in two stages. Initially, at around 330 K, bubbles are formed in the AT rich regions. At higher temperatures, the GC rich regions binding them denature in a cooperative transition causing extremely large fluctuations.
TFS on histone monomers showed that H1 monomer shows an increase in thermal fluctuation in the temperature range studied, while the core histones did not. We infer that this is due to the fact that the core histones may not be properly folded when they exist as monomers. It was seen that H1 crosses an energy barrier of 17 kcal/mol to go from its native to denatured state. The transition was kinetically driven with a fixed barrier till 352 K. At 352K, the barrier softened by ~ 1 kcal/mol leading to faster denaturation. The core histones when assembled as dimers/oligomers showed an increase in fluctuation at temperatures below 350 K.
The assembling of these histones and DNA into a mononucleosome causes a very large increase in fluctuation over the entire temperature range studied. TFS showed that the fluctuation during mononucleosome denaturation was much larger than a simple sum of the fluctuations of its constituents. From the data we were able to identify that the denaturation starts with dissociation and unfolding of the core histones and the denaturation of AT rich regions of the DNA which leads to the breaking of some of the histone-DNA contacts. At higher temperatures the linker histone H1 and the GC rich regions of the DNA denature, leading to a collapse of the entire nucleosome structure. The broadness of the transition region (the fact that the fluctuation is large over the entire temperature range) was attributed to the presence of different types of contacts and interactions (with different energies) stabilizing the nucleosome structure. The nucleosome was found to favour large energy jumps over smaller ones indicating that the denaturation has an element of cooperativity involved.
Using TFS we have been able to determine the fluctuations involved in the denaturation of biomolecules like DNA, histones and nucleosomes. The energy barriers to denaturation have been determined. We have also been able to give models for the denaturation of these biomolecules. We have also shown that it is possible to study enzymatic digestion using TFS. Thus, the technique of TFS is a viable tool for the study of fluctuations in reactions, in biomolecules, during transitions and in any process where there is an energy exchange involved.
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Interdicting an adversary's economy viewed as a trade sanction inoperability input-output modelLeSeane, Cameron R. 03 1900 (has links)
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Reissued 30 May 2017 with Second Reader’s non-NPS affiliation added to title page. / The United States has made use of economic sanctions to achieve political goals by limiting the relationship between trade, travel, and finance. However, economists are uncertain if the use of economic sanctions is effective and achieves the desired results. Applying the notion of demand-based inoperability, we present two nonlinear models to identify the optimal placement of sanctions and assess the sanctions' cascading effects to all sectors of an adversary's economy. For purposes of demonstration and validation, we pose a hypothetical scenario in which the U.S. considers trade sanctions on Canada. Specifically, our analysis proposes the Trade Sanction Inoperability Input-Output Model (TS-IIM). We devised this model to permit ranking of sectors by the order in which the greatest production loss occurs. Given the strong dependence of Canada on the United States, is it reasonable to expect that a sanction could result in economic repercussions? In response to this question, we also present the Inter-Country Inoperability Input-Output Model (IC-IIM), which extends the TS-IIM by considering the reduction in trade in value added (TiVA) the U.S. economy will experience. Our results from the TS-IIM and IC-IIM lead us to conclude that the proper design of a sanction considers not only the impact to an adversary's economy, but also sanction's associated repercussions at home. / Lieutenant, United States Navy
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Mechanisms Controlling Luminal Identity of Breast TumoursIsmail, Houssam 12 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Improved Spectrum Usage with Multi-RF Channel Aggregation Technologies for the Next-Generation Terrestrial BroadcastingGiménez Gandia, Jordi Joan 01 July 2015 (has links)
[EN] Next-generation terrestrial broadcasting targets at enhancing spectral efficiency to overcome the challenges derived from the spectrum shortage as a result of the progressive allocation of frequencies - the so-called Digital Dividend - to satisfy the growing demands for wireless broadband capacity. Advances in both transmission standards and video coding are paramount to enable the progressive roll-out of high video quality services such as HDTV (High Definition Televison) or Ultra HDTV. The transition to the second generation European terrestrial standard DVB-T2 and the introduction of MPEG-4/AVC video coding already enables the transmission of 4-5 HDTV services per RF (Radio Frequency) channel. However, the impossibility to allocate higher bit-rate within the remaining spectrum could jeopardize the evolution of the DTT platforms in favour of other high-capacity systems such as the satellite or cable distribution platforms. Next steps are focused on the deployment of the recently released High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, which provides more than 50% coding gain with respect to AVC, with the next-generation terrestrial standards. This could ensure the competitiveness of the DTT.
This dissertation addresses the use of multi-RF channel aggregation technologies to increase the spectral efficiency of future DTT networks. The core of the Thesis are two technologies: Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) and Channel Bonding (CB).
TFS and CB consist in the transmission of the data of a TV service across multiple RF channels instead of using a single channel. CB spreads data of a service over multiple classical RF channels (RF-Mux). TFS spreads the data by time-slicing (slot-by-slot) across multiple RF channels which are sequentially recovered at the receiver by frequency hopping. Transmissions using these features can benefit from capacity and coverage gains. The first one comes from a more efficient statistical multiplexing (StatMux) for Variable Bit Rate (VBR) services due to a StatMux pool over a higher number of services. Furthermore, CB allows increasing service data rate with the number of bonded RF channels and also advantages when combined with SVC (Scalable Video Coding). The coverage gain comes from the increased RF performance due to the reception of the data of a service from different RF channels rather that a single one that could be, eventually, degraded. Robustness against interferences is also improved since the received signal does not depend on a unique potentially interfered RF channel.
TFS was firstly introduced as an informative annex in DVB-T2 (not normative) and adopted in DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld). TFS and CB are proposed for inclusion in ATSC 3.0. However, they have never been implemented. The investigations carried out in this dissertation employ an information-theoretical approach to obtain their upper bounds, physical layer simulations to evaluate the performance in real systems and the analysis of field measurements that approach realistic conditions of the network deployments. The analysis report coverage gains about 4-5 dB with 4 RF channels and high capacity gains already with 2 RF channels.
This dissertation also focuses on implementation aspects. Channel bonding receivers require one tuner per bonded RF channel. The implementation of TFS with a single tuner demands the fulfilment of several timing requirements. However, the use of just two tuners would still allow for a good performance with a cost-effective implementation by the reuse of existing chipsets or the sharing of existing architectures with dual tuner operation such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). / [ES] La televisión digital terrestre (TDT) de última generación está orientada a una necesaria mejora de la eficiencia espectral con el fin de abordar los desafíos derivados de la escasez de espectro como resultado de la progresiva asignación de frecuencias - el llamado Dividendo Digital - para satisfacer la creciente demanda de capacidad para la banda ancha inalámbrica. Los avances tanto en los estándares de transmisión como de codificación de vídeo son de suma importancia para la progresiva puesta en marcha de servicios de alta calidad como la televisión de Ultra AD (Alta Definición). La transición al estándar europeo de segunda generación DVB-T2 y la introducción de la codificación de vídeo MPEG-4 / AVC ya permite la transmisión de 4-5 servicios de televisión de AD por canal RF (Radiofrecuencia). Sin embargo, la imposibilidad de asignar una mayor tasa de bit sobre el espectro restante podría poner en peligro la evolución de las plataformas de TDT en favor de otros sistemas de alta capacidad tales como el satélite o las distribuidoras de cable. El siguiente paso se centra en el despliegue del reciente estándar HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding), que ofrece un 50% de ganancia de codificación con respecto a AVC, junto con los estándares terrestres de próxima generación, lo que podría garantizar la competitividad de la TDT en un futuro cercano.
Esta tesis aborda el uso de tecnologías de agregación de canales RF que permitan incrementar la eficiencia espectral de las futuras redes. La tesis se centra en torno a dos tecnologías: Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) y Channel Bonding (CB).
TFS y CB consisten en la transmisión de los datos de un servicio de televisión a través de múltiples canales RF en lugar de utilizar un solo canal. CB difunde los datos de un servicio a través de varios canales RF convencionales formando un RF-Mux. TFS difunde los datos a través de ranuras temporales en diferentes canales RF. Los datos son recuperados de forma secuencial en el receptor mediante saltos en frecuencia. La implementación de estas técnicas permite obtener ganancias en capacidad y cobertura. La primera de ellas proviene de una multiplexación estadística (StatMux) de servicios de tasa variable (VBR) más eficiente. Además, CB permite aumentar la tasa de pico de un servicio de forma proporcional al número de canales así como ventajas al combinarla con codificación de vídeo escalable. La ganancia en cobertura proviene de un mejor rendimiento RF debido a la recepción de los datos de un servicio desde diferentes canales en lugar uno sólo que podría estar degradado. Del mismo modo, es posible obtener una mayor robustez frente a interferencias ya que la recepción o no de un servicio no depende de si el canal que lo alberga está o no interferido.
TFS fue introducido en primer lugar como un anexo informativo en DVB-T2 (no normativo) y posteriormente fue adoptado en DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld). TFS y CB han sido propuestos para su inclusión en ATSC 3.0. Aún así, nunca han sido implementados. Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en esta Tesis emplean diversos enfoques basados en teoría de la información para obtener los límites de ganancia, en simulaciones de capa física para evaluar el rendimiento en sistemas reales y en el análisis de medidas de campo. Estos estudios reportan ganancias en cobertura en torno a 4-5 dB con 4 canales e importantes ganancias en capacidad aún con sólo 2 canales RF.
Esta tesis también se centra en los aspectos de implementación. Los receptores para CB requieren un sintonizador por canal RF agregado. La implementación de TFS con un solo sintonizador exige el cumplimiento de varios requisito temporales. Sin embargo, el uso de dos sintonizadores permitiría un buen rendimiento con una implementación más rentable con la reutilización de los actuales chips o su introducción junto con las arquitecturas existentes que operan con un doble sintonizador tales como / [CAT] La televisió digital terrestre (TDT) d'última generació està orientada a una necessària millora de l'eficiència espectral a fi d'abordar els desafiaments derivats de l'escassetat d'espectre com a resultat de la progressiva assignació de freqüències - l'anomenat Dividend Digital - per a satisfer la creixent demanda de capacitat per a la banda ampla sense fil. Els avanços tant en els estàndards de transmissió com de codificació de vídeo són de la màxima importància per a la progressiva posada en marxa de serveis d'alta qualitat com la televisió d'Ultra AD (Alta Definició). La transició a l'estàndard europeu de segona generació DVB-T2 i la introducció de la codificació de vídeo MPEG-4/AVC ja permet la transmissió de 4-5 serveis de televisió d'AD per canal RF (Radiofreqüència). No obstant això, la impossibilitat d'assignar una major taxa de bit sobre l'espectre restant podria posar en perill l'evolució de les plataformes de TDT en favor d'altres sistemes d'alta capacitat com ara el satèl·lit o les distribuïdores de cable. El següent pas se centra en el desplegament del recent estàndard HEVC (High Efficiency Vídeo Coding), que oferix un 50% de guany de codificació respecte a AVC, junt amb els estàndards terrestres de pròxima generació, la qual cosa podria garantir la competitivitat de la TDT en un futur pròxim.
Aquesta tesi aborda l'ús de tecnologies d'agregació de canals RF que permeten incrementar l'eficiència espectral de les futures xarxes. La tesi se centra entorn de dues tecnologies: Time Frequency Slicing (TFS) i Channel Bonding (CB).
TFS i CB consistixen en la transmissió de les dades d'un servei de televisió a través de múltiples canals RF en compte d'utilitzar un sol canal. CB difon les dades d'un servei a través d'uns quants canals RF convencionals formant un RF-Mux. TFS difon les dades a través de ranures temporals en diferents canals RF. Les dades són recuperades de forma seqüencial en el receptor per mitjà de salts en freqüència. La implementació d'aquestes tècniques permet obtindre guanys en capacitat i cobertura. La primera d'elles prové d'una multiplexació estadística (StatMux) de serveis de taxa variable (VBR) més eficient. A més, CB permet augmentar la taxa de pic d'un servei de forma proporcional al nombre de canals així com avantatges al combinar-la amb codificació de vídeo escalable. El guany en cobertura prové d'un millor rendiment RF a causa de la recepció de les dades d'un servei des de diferents canals en lloc de només un que podria estar degradat. De la mateixa manera, és possible obtindre una major robustesa enfront d'interferències ja que la recepció o no d'un servei no depén de si el canal que l'allotja està o no interferit.
TFS va ser introduït en primer lloc com un annex informatiu en DVB-T2 (no normatiu) i posteriorment va ser adoptat en DVB-NGH (Next Generation Handheld). TFS i CB han sigut proposades per a la seva inclusió en ATSC 3.0. Encara així, mai han sigut implementades. Les investigacions dutes a terme en esta Tesi empren diverses vessants basades en teoria de la informació per a obtindre els límits de guany, en simulacions de capa física per a avaluar el rendiment en sistemes reals i en l'anàlisi de mesures de camp. Aquestos estudis reporten guanys en cobertura entorn als 4-5 dB amb 4 canals i importants guanys en capacitat encara amb només 2 canals RF.
Esta tesi també se centra en els aspectes d'implementació. Els receptors per a CB requerixen un sintonitzador per canal RF agregat. La implementació de TFS amb un sol sintonitzador exigix el compliment de diversos requisit temporals. No obstant això, l'ús de dos sintonitzadors permetria un bon rendiment amb una implementació més rendible amb la reutilització dels actuals xips o la seua introducció junt amb les arquitectures existents que operen amb un doble sintonitzador com ara MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). / Giménez Gandia, JJ. (2015). Improved Spectrum Usage with Multi-RF Channel Aggregation Technologies for the Next-Generation Terrestrial Broadcasting [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/52520 / TESIS
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A fundamental approximation in MATLAB of the efficiency of an automotive differential in transmitting rotational kinetic energyVaughn, James Roy 30 July 2012 (has links)
The VCOST budgeting tool uses a drive cycle simulator to improve fuel economy predictions for vehicle fleets. This drive cycle simulator needs to predict the efficiency of various components of the vehicle's powertrain including any differentials. Existing differential efficiency models either lack accuracy over the operating conditions considered or require too great an investment. A fundamental model for differential efficiency is a cost-effective solution for predicting the odd behaviors unique to a differential. The differential efficiency model itself combines the torque balance equation and the Navier-Stokes equations with models for gear pair, bearing, and seal efficiencies under a set of appropriate assumptions. Comparison of the model with existing data has shown that observable trends in differential efficiency are reproducible in some cases to within 10% of the accepted efficiency value over a range of torques and speeds that represents the operating conditions of the differential. Though the model is generally an improvement over existing curve fits, the potential exists for further improvement to the accuracy of the model. When the model performs correctly, it represents an immense savings over collecting data with comparable accuracy. / text
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Understanding the Role of ZCF32, a Zinc Cluster Transcription Factor, in Candida albicans BiologyKakade, Pallavi January 2017 (has links) (PDF)
As a human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans can cause a wide variety of disease conditions ranging from superficial to systemic infections. Many of these infections are caused by an inherent ability of the pathogen to form biofilms on medical devices resulting in high mortality. Biofilms formed by C. albicans are a complex consortium of yeast and hyphal cells embedded in an extracellular matrix and are regulated by a network of transcription factors. Here, I report the role of a novel Zn(II)2-Cys6 binuclear cluster transcription factor, ZCF32, in the regulation of biofilm formation. Global transcriptome analysis reveals that biofilm development is the most altered pathway in the zcf32 null mutant. To delineate the functional correlation between ZCF32 and biofilm development, the set of genes directly regulated by Zcf32 were determined. The data suggest that Zcf32 regulates biofilm formation by repressing the expression of adhesins, chitinases and a significant number of other GPI-anchored proteins. The data presented here establish that there is the lesser recruitment of Zcf32 on the promoters of biofilm genes in biofilm condition compared to the planktonic mode of growth. Thus, the transcription factor ZCF32 negatively regulates biofilm development in C. albicans.
Candida albicans, carries an expanded family of Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factors. A CTG clade-specific protein Zcf32 and its closely related protein Upc2, a well-conserved protein across the various fungal species, belong to this family of proteins. Unlike Upc2, Zcf32 is poorly studied in C. albicans. Here, I examined roles played by these two related transcription factors in biofilm development and virulence of C. albicans. The data show that the null mutants of each of ZCF32 or UPC2 form better biofilms than the wild-type suggesting that both of them negatively regulate the biofilm development. While acting as negative regulators of biofilm formation, these two transcription factors target a different set of biofilm genes. A mouse model of candidiasis reveals that zcf32/zcf32 was hypervirulent while upc2/upc2 shows compromised virulence compared to the wild-type. Notably, the absence of Zcf32 enhances detrimental inflammation brought about by TNFα, IFNβ, and IFNγ. upc2/upc2 failed to generate a similar feedback, instead demonstrated an elevated anti-inflammatory (IL4 and IL10) host response. Taking together, the data exhibit how a recently evolved transcription factor Zcf32 retained functional resemblance with a more ubiquitous member Upc2 but also functionally diverged from the latter in the regulation of virulence of the pathogen.
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Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal AlgorithmsVestin, Albin, Strandberg, Gustav January 2019 (has links)
Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
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