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Argentina, Brasil e Chile e o desafio da reconstrução das agencias nacionais civis de inteligencia no contexto no contexto de democratizaçãoAntunes, Priscila Carlos Brandão 25 July 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T00:45:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa as recentes reformas nos serviços de inteligência civil brasileiro, argentino
e chileno, no contexto das relações civis militares. Três diferentes problemas analíticos estruturam a pesquisa: A) o desafio institucional da construção de sistemas que sejam eficientes, eficazes e consistentes com as demandas de segurança e defesa nestes países. Como os serviços de inteligência civis têm sido institucionalmente desenhados a partir dos processos de transição e consolidação democrática? B) O desafio institucional de construção de sistemas de inteligência responsáveis, responsivos e consistentes com as
demandas de controle público democrático? Porque os recentes mecanismos de supervisão congressual e accountability têm desempenho diferenciado nos diversos países em termos de sua capacidade de controle sobre as atividadesde inteligência? C) Odesafio profissional da construção de sistemas de inteligência flexíveis, capacitados e analiticamente relevantes. Quais são os mecanismos institucionais mais importantes utilizados em cada país para avaliar o desempenho analítico dos serviços de inteligência? Os objetivos gerais desta
pesquisa são produzir conhecimentos sobre o funcionamento e o papel dos sistemas de inteligência durante processos de consolidação democrática e aumentar o grau de expertise civil e reconhecimento público sobre a importância e os dilemas envolvidos na atuação dos serviços de inteligência / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the recent refonns of the Brazilian, Argentinean and Chilean civic intelligence services in the context of the South American civic-military relationship issues. The research is based on three different problems: A) The institutional challenge of building effective, efficient and consistent intelligence
systems in order to fulfill the demands for security and defense of those countries. How have Latin American civic intelligence services been institutionally planned in the transition and consolidation periods? B) The institutional challenge of designing responsive, consistent and responsible intelligence systems to do what is required by the public democratic controI. Why have the modern means of supervising congress tasks had
distinct perfonnances in the control of intelligence activities considering accountability in those countries? C) The professional challenge of structuring flexible, qualified and analytically relevant intelligence systems. How do those countries deal with the professionalization issues related to intelligence systems analysis? What are the most important institutional devices used to evaluate the analytic perfonnance of intelligence services by the national government in each of those countries? The general objectives of the research are to produce knowledge about the role and operations of intelligence systems during processes of democratic consolidation and to increase civil expertise and public awareness about the importance and the dilemmas involved in the perfonnance of intelligence services / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais
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A cobertura do caso Calabresi na mídia impressa e o conflito entre o infante exposto e o sujeito de direitos / The coverage of the event in print Calabresi and the conflict between the infant exposed and the subject of rightsSOUZA, Lillian Bento de 28 August 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / A torture case that had as victim a 12 year-old girl is denounced by some
neighbors of the aggressor, the entrepreneur of high middle class who lived in a
noble quarter of Goiânia (GO), Silvia Calabresi, became subject of analysis in the
Brazilian media, in special, the provincial press since March 17th of 2008, when the
case was denounced to the Police. This work searches to identify the Discursive
Formation that leads the speech of the media about the relation of the violence with
childhood from the Analysis of Speech (AD) proposed by Michel Pêcheux, Michel
Foucault and, finally, from the analysis of the Archaeological Method, argued by
Freda Indursky (2007). The path of the representation of childhood, since the
displayed child, represented by indigenous children of the Brazil Colony, passing by
the notion of minor and marginalized child, legally consolidated with the Codes of
Minor, until the citizenship in development age starred from the Statute of the Child
and the Adolescent (Law 8,069/90), appears as the first conducting wire to identify
the Discursive Formation that leads the media s speech in this specific police
covering case. The notion of violence and the acceptance of the torture
misinterpreted during many decades as educational process present on the parentschildren
relation also come up at the aggressor s speech, who justifies the torture
sessions as she was educating the child-victim. Finally, the notion of citizen of
rights seems more consolidated when the torture is faced as something
unacceptable in the vein of the contemporary society, considering strange the fact
that the violent act had occurred in the heart of the middle class. There is some
strangeness in this fact witch comes from the consolidated notion in the common
sense that violence is a characteristic of poorer classes. Ally to this trajectory of the
notion of childhood, violence and torture is the process of the news production, witch,
with its own characteristics, redirects the journalistic text, without however, turn aside
itself from the Discursive Formation where it is inserted. / Um caso de tortura que teve como vítima uma garota de 12 anos é denunciado por
vizinhos da agressora, a empresária de classe média alta e moradora de um bairro
nobre de Goiânia (GO), Silvia Calabresi, tornou-se tema de discussão da mídia
brasileira, em especial, da imprensa goiana desde 17 de março de 2008, data da
denúncia do caso no Polícia Civil. Este trabalho busca identificar a Formação
Discursiva que conduz o discurso da mídia sobre a relação da violência com a
infância a partir da Análise de Discurso (AD) proposta por Michel Pêcheux, Michel
Foucault e, por fim, a partir da análise do Método Arqueológico, discutida por Freda
Indursky (2007). A trajetória da representação da infância, desde o infante exposto,
representado por crianças indígenas do Brasil Colônia, passando pela noção de
criança menorizada e marginalizada, consolidada juridicamente com os Códigos do
Menor, até o sujeito de direito e em desenvolvimento inaugurado pelo Estatuto da
Criança e do Adolescente (Lei 8.069/90), surge como primeiro fio condutor para
identificação da Formação Discursiva que conduz o discurso da mídia no caso desta
cobertura policial específica. A noção de violência e a aceitação da tortura no que
por muitas décadas foi chamado de processo educacional presente na relação entre
pais e filhos também vem a tona na fala da agressora, que justifica as sessões de
tortura alegando estar educando a criança-vítima. Por fim, a noção de sujeito de
direitos parece mais consolidada quando a tortura é tratada como algo inaceitável no
seio da sociedade contemporânea, passando por estranhamentos como o fato de a
prática violenta ter ocorrido no seio da classe média. Há um estranhamento deste
fato que advém da noção já consolidada no senso comum de que a violência é
características das classes economicamente desfavorecidas. Aliado à essa trajetória
das noções de infância, violência e tortura está o processo de produção da notícia,
que com suas particularidades redireciona o texto jornalístico, sem contudo, desviarse
da Formação Discursiva em que está inserido.
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Comitê estadual maranhense de combate à tortura : os movimentos sociais e a luta pelo direito à não tortura no contexto de uma parceria com o estado / COMITÉ DE L'ÉTAT MARANHENSE DE COMBAT À LA TORTURE : les mouvements sociaux et la lutte pour le droit à la não-torture dans le contexte d'un partenariat avec l'État São Luís 2007Pereira, Miguel Ribeiro 19 November 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-11-19 / Cet étude objective identifier la dynamique des mouvements sociaux articulés pour le
droit à non-torture. Le travail réalise une histoire social des mouvements sociaux contre
la torture en Brésil, en essayant de identifier, au début, à partir de quel période historique
on identifie la lutte des mouvements sociaux contre la torture. Après, on vérifie
continuations et ruptures dans les divers moments historiques par que les mouvements
sociaux ont passés avec cettes specifications. Finalement, on commence l étude en les
particularités aperçues à travers le recours à analogie et à les evidences menées par le
bibliographie et par le recherche de camp, dévelopée dans le Comité d État pour le
Combat à la Torture en Maranhão. Pendant la recherche pour la caractérisation des
particularités des mouvements sociaux contre la torture dans la contemporaneité on arrive
au étude de la dynamique existant entre la societé et les mouvements sociaux, en essayant
identifier en quelle mesure ils souffrent les influences de celles-lá et quels les possibles
réflexes de cette constatation pour le succès de la lutte contre la torture. Comme
specifications, finalement, on objective vérifier la validité de la categorie de la autonomie
pour les mouvements sociaux que s affilient à lutte contre la torture, depuis 2002 jusqu à
2007, période sur lequel on concentre l encadrement de cette dissertation. / Este estudo objetiva identificar a dinâmica dos movimentos sociais articulados a
favor do direito à não-tortura no âmbito de uma parceria com o Poder Público. O
trabalho realiza uma história social dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura no Brasil,
tentando verificar, inicialmente, a partir de que momento histórico se constata a luta
dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura. Posteriormente, parte-se para observar
continuidades e rupturas nos diversos momentos históricos pelos quais passaram os
movimentos sociais com estas especificidades. Finalmente, adentra-se no estudo das
particularidades percebidas através do recurso à analogia e às evidências trazidas pelo
levantamento bibliográfico e pela pesquisa de campo desenvolvida no âmbito do
Comitê Estadual de Combate à Tortura no Maranhão. Na busca da caracterização das
particularidades dos movimentos sociais contra a tortura na contemporaneidade partese
para o estudo da dinâmica existente entre a sociedade e os movimentos sociais,
tentando-se vislumbrar em que medida estes sofrem influências daquela e quais os
possíveis reflexos desta constatação para o êxito do enfrentamento à tortura. Como
especificidade, finalmente, busca-se verificar a validade da categoria da autonomia
para os movimentos sociais que se filiam à luta contra a tortura, a partir de 2002 até
2007, período sobre o qual recai o foco da presente dissertação.
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Legitimerade psykoterapeuters upplevelser och hantering av behandlingen av krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar / Licensed psychotherapists experiences and handling of treatment of war and torture injured refugeesJuteräng, Staffan January 2017 (has links)
Inledning: Behovet av traumabehandling till flyktingar har ökat. Psykoterapeuten blir vittne till berättelser som handlar om lidande, rädsla och smärta. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur psykoterapeuter upplever sitt arbete med behandling av krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar. Frågeställningar: 1. Hur upplever psykoterapeuter arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? 2. Använder sig psykoterapeuter av bemästringsstrategier för att hantera sina upplevelser i arbetet med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar? Om så är fallet, vilka? Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk, deskriptiv ansats valdes. Fem psykoterapeuter som arbetar med krigs- och tortyrskadade flyktingar intervjuades. Resultat: Studiens resultat har en manifest del och en latent del. ”Att pendla mellan vanmakt och skapande förändring” är ett tema som representerar det underliggande, latenta budskapet, d.v.s. det som sägs ”mellan raderna” och representerar den röda tråd som finns i samtliga intervjuer. Det manifesta resultatet visar att terapeuterna upplever sitt arbete som ett privilegium och som betungande. Terapeuterna använder medvetna bemästringsstrategier för att hantera känslomässig stress. Diskussion: Terapeuternas beskrivning av sitt arbete med krigs- och tortyrskadade stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning. Terapeuternas upplevelse av sitt arbete kan förstås genom begreppen motöverföring, projektiv identifikation, vikarierande traumatisering, sekundär traumatisk stress och posttraumatic growth. / Introduction: The need for trauma treatment for refugees has increased. The psychotherapist testifies to stories that concern suffering, fear and pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate how psychotherapists experience their work in dealing with war and torture injured refugees. Research questions: How do psychotherapists experience the work of war and torture injured refugees? Are psychotherapists using coping strategies to handle their experiences in the work of war and torture-injured refugees? If so, which? Method: Qualitative method with phenomenological, descriptive approach was chosen. Five psychotherapists working with war and torture injured refugees were interviewed. Results: ”Oscillating between powerlessness and creative change" is a theme that represents the underlying latent message, what is said "between the lines" and represents the red thread found in all the interviews. The manifest results show that the therapists experience their work as a privilege and as burdensome. The therapists use conscious coping strategies to deal with emotional stress. Discussion: The therapists' description of their work on war and torture injured is in line with previous research. Therapists' experience of their work can be understood by the concepts of transference, projective identification, vicarious traumatization, secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.
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SOVEREIGN AUTHORITY AND RULE OF LAW: THE EFFECT OF U.S. USE OF TORTURE ON POLITICAL LEGITIMACYBradley, Sydney 01 May 2021 (has links)
Governmental sovereignty is created and maintained by mutual respect for the rule of law by the government and citizens. To maintain legitimacy, a government must act within the bounds of the contract that created it. Otherwise, the relationship founded by said contract would be nullified, as would the duties and obligations that flow from that relationship. Torture exemplifies an ultra vires act used by the United States to show the consequences of over-extended authority on political legitimacy and the rule of law. Founded on the philosophies of Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, and Christine Korsgaard, this research investigates the nature of a government, its authority, and the laws that it must obey. By considering the role of a government as an artificial man or a representative agent, I argue that regardless of the limits or lack thereof for governmental power, the self-interest of a government illegalizes any action that violates its founding documents. If a government does commit such an act, the rule of law is negatively affected, and political legitimacy and authority are damaged. This behavior, when repeated and unamended, will destroy the relationship between the people and their government, diminish the contract, and return the people to a state of nature.
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What I Cannot Say: Testifying of Trauma through TranslationBrown, Heidi 23 September 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Le dialogue entre juridictions et quasi-juridictions internationales de protection des droits de la personne : l'exemple de la prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradantsCocan, Silviana-Iulia 18 August 2021 (has links)
Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France / Dans l'ordre juridique international, les organes de protection des droits de la personne sont de nature différente, indépendants et non hiérarchisés. Le phénomène du dialogue juridictionnel est une pratique spontanée qui consiste pour un organe de protection à intégrer dans le processus d'interprétation d'une disposition donnée, des éléments étrangers à son système, qu'il s'agisse de décisions ou d'instruments de protection émanant d'autres organes. Dans cette étude, le dialogue est illustré avec la jurisprudence interprétée à l'aide de ces éléments extrasystémiques en matière de prohibition de la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels inhumains ou dégradants. Cette interdiction est à la croisée du droit international des droits de l'Homme, du droit international humanitaire et du droit international pénal. Ainsi, les éventuelles violations peuvent engager, de manière complémentaire, la responsabilité internationale de l'État et la responsabilité pénale individuelle. Le dialogue jurisprudentiel est envisagé comme une technique interprétative permettant d'aboutir à des interprétations communes du contenu, du sens et de la portée de cette interdiction bien que ces interprétations partagées puissent être extensives ou restrictives. En effet, le dialogue permettra de mettre parfois en lumière des positions internationales communes justifiant des interprétations extensives en faveur de la personne humaine. L'interprétation unanime des rapports complémentaires entre droit international des droits de l'homme et droit international humanitaire ou à l'égard de l'application extraterritoriale des traités de protection des droits de l'homme a un impact sur les rapports entre systèmes juridiques et entre ordres juridiques. L'extraterritorialité élargit les espaces protégés par des instruments conventionnels, en contribuant ainsi à un renforcement de la perméabilité entre les normes internationales de protection des droits de la personne et une concrétisation de leur intérdépendance matérielle. Toutefois, le dialogue sera parfois un instrument d'éclairage des positions divergentes découlant de l'absence de consensus dans l'ordre juridique international. C'est le cas lorsqu'il sera question de déterminer précisément les effets d'une norme impérative qui se heurte à la règle des immunités en droit international. L'étude interroge l'étendue et la teneur du pouvoir juridictionnel dans l'ordre juridique international ainsi que sa capacité à aboutir à une convergence normative en matière de protection des droits de la personne, qui découle d'une convergence interprétative. La notion d'interprétation globale par contextualisation normative et systémique renvoie à la confrontation d'une disposition donnée aux autres normes internationales qui lui sont analogues et aux autres systèmes juridiques qui sont semblables au système d'origine de l'interprète, dans laquelle la disposition s'inscrit. Ainsi, il s'agit de montrer que les organes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne, malgré leur diversité, font usage de méthodes d'interprétation communes contribuant à définir le sens, la portée et le contenu des normes. Grâce au dialogue juridictionnel, ils s'inscrivent dans un processus d'autorégulation, entre autoélargissement de leur pouvoir d'interprétation et autolimitation de leur marge d'appréciation, par la confrontation aux éléments extrasystémiques. Implicitement, le dialogue joue le rôle d'un outil de régulation et de coordination qui s'impose spontanément dans la pratique interprétative des organes internationaux, contribuant à l'émergence d'un objectivisme jurisprudentiel. Ce dernier tend à s'opposer au volontarisme étatique dans un but de protection de l'ordre public international et de garantie des droits de la personne. / In the international legal order, international bodies protecting human rights are both of a different nature and independent. Indeed, a hierarchical principle of organization still remains unknown and multiple legal systems protect human rights. Judicial dialogue consists in referring to decisions or international instruments that are external sources to the system in which the international body has to exercise its power of interpretation. In this study, the example of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatments will be used to illustrate this spontaneous practice. This prohibition is at the crossroads of international human rights law, of international humanitarian law and of international criminal law. Therefore, its violations can both engage the international responsibility of State and the individual criminal responsibility. Judicial dialogue is seen as an interpretive technique, allowing to reach common interpretations of the substance, the meaning and the scope of this prohibition. Nevertheless, the use of external sources does not always lead to extensive interpretations since it can also highlight disagreements in which case restrictive interpretations are inevitable. Sometimes, this spontaneous practice will show the existence of international common positions regarding certains aspects of human rights. It is the case regarding the entrenched consensus of the complementarity between international human rights law and international humanitarian law and concerning the extraterritoriality of human rights treaties. This acknowledgement expands States jurisdiction and strengthens the protection offered to the individuals, while increasing interactions between international legal systems protecting human rights and therefore showing a state of substantive interdependence. The lack of consensus in the international legal order will be the ultimate limit to constructive judicial dialogue. Indeed, the latter will emphasize divergent positions in matters of interpretation. One of the most significant examples is the trouble to determine precisely the effect of peremptory norms such as the prohibition of torture when it encounters immunities in international law. This study also questions the content of the international judiciary and its capacity to reach a normative convergence through the use of external sources that shows an interpretive convergence in the first place. The notion of global interpretation through normative and systemic interactions means confronting international legal norms which are similar, even though they were adopted separate and independent systems, in order to reach a better interpretation. This study attempts to show that even though international bodies rotecting human rights are quite different and formally independent, they tend to self-regulation by using external sources. Indeed, the spontaneous practice of judicial dialogue will allow both a process of self-limitation by referring to other sources in order to interpret a given legal provision, since it means including optional limits to the margin of appreciation. At the same time, the use of external sources will also lead to a self-expansion of the possibilities in matters of interpretation by taking into account solutions that were found by other legal interpreters in comparable legal disputes. Therefore, it appears that the international jurisprudential dialogue can both contribute to coordinate and harmonize the application and interpretation of international human rights law.
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Pflichtenkollisionen bei christlichen Leitern in Gemeinde und Geschäftswelt: Lernen von Jesus und den Aposteln bei Lukas = Conflicting duties with Christian leaders in churches and business: learn from Jesus and the apostles by LukeViselka, Martin 30 June 2006 (has links)
Zusammenfassung
Diese Untersuchung besteht aus sechs Hauptpunkten. Nach der Einleitung (I.) zum Thema,
werden unter II. verschiedene Begriffe definiert und die Inhalte gegenüber verwandten Gebieten
abgegrenzt. Als dritter Hauptpunkt (III.) folgt eine Untersuchung zu den klassischen Typologien
der Pflichtenkollisionen. Dieses Thema wurde in der Vergangenheit in der Theologie
und Philosophie immer wieder breit diskutiert. Unter IV. werden die Pflichtenkollisionen
im lukanischen Doppelwerk untersucht. Diese exegetische Analyse soll aufzeigen, wie Jesus
und die Apostel solchen Situationen begegnen und damit umgegangen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang
wird auch die Frage nach möglicher Schuld, als Konsequenz, untersucht. Der
fünfte Hauptpunkt (V.) beschäftigt sich mit dem richtigen Verhalten in Pflichtenkollisionen.
Einerseits wird die Position des Autors näher begründet und andererseits ein Vorschlag für
eine Wertreihenfolge als Richtschnur im Konfliktfall angeboten. Im letzten Teil (VI.) werden
die Erkenntnisse der Untersuchung auf sieben konkreten Fälle von Pflichtenkollisionen aus
der Gemeinde und der Geschäftswelt praktisch angewendet. / This analysis consists of six main sections. Following the introduction of the theme (I), various
terms are defined (II), and the contents are distinguished from related topics, with pertinent
reasons given. The third (III) section consists of the results of my research on the classic
typologies of conflicting duties. In the past, this subject has been widely discussed in the
theological and philosophical circles. In the fourth (IV) section, conflicting duties are examined
in light of Luke's writings. The goal of this exegetic analysis is to show how Jesus and
the apostles met such situations, and how they dealt with them. In connection with this topic,
the question of possible guilt, as a consequence, is researched. The fifth (V) section deals
with proper behaviour toward conflicting duties. On one hand, the position of the author is
established, and on the other hand a proposal is offered for a prioritization of values as a guiding
principle in conflict situations. In the last section (VI), the findings of the research are
applied practically to seven concrete examples of conflicting duties within the church and
society. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)
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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda's approach to serious violations of humanitarian lawMutabazi, Etienne 11 1900 (has links)
On October 1, 1990 the Rwandan Patriotic Front launched a war from and with the support of the Republic of Uganda against Rwanda. This war was accompanied by unspeakable violations of International Humanitarian Law. Both conflicting parties violated the basic rules protecting the civilian population in situations of armed conflicts. The United Nations Security Council, acting under Chapter VII of its Charter, passed resolution 955 of November 8, 1994 establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to prosecute alleged responsible of such violations.
This study investigates the background of the ICTR and questions the nature of the conflict that prompted the Security Council to establish another ad hoc international criminal tribunal after the one established for the former Yugoslavia. It further inquires into its jurisprudence and reflects critically on the ICTR's approach to serious violations of IHL under Article 3 Common to the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. / Jurisprudence / LL. M. (Law)
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Pojem vážné újmy v uprchlickém právu / Concept of serious harm in refugee lawKopecká, Helena January 2014 (has links)
This diploma thesis with the topic of ,,The Concept of Serious Harm in Refugee Law" had three basic objectives. The first one was to analyse single notions which belong to the concept of serious harm. The second objective was to compare the concept of serious harm under the Qualification Directive and under the Czech Asylum Act. By means of the interpretation of single notions of serious harm and the comparison of the Qualification Directive with the Czech Asylum Act, I managed to answer the question ,,who is protected by Article 15 of the Qualification Directive and the second section of paragraph 14a in the Czech Asylum Act," which was the third basic objective of this diploma thesis, and at the same time its research question. My diploma thesis is structured into 6 chapters, further it contains the list of abbreviations, the introduction, the conclusion, the list of literature, the Czech and English abstract, and key words. The first chapter deals with the evolution of the concept of serious harm since the year 2001 till the contemporary version of the Qualification Directive from the year 2011, and with the incorporation of this concept into the Czech Asylum Act. From the depiction of history of the concept of serious harm in this chapter, it resulted how uneasy it was for the member states of...
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