Meat substitutes are an increasingly popular subject area for sustainability studies and industrial transition.  A transition to plant-based alternatives requires a substantial value chain with the ability to withstand transitional structure and market changes. While the value chain poses challenges at each level, considering the topmost level reveals unique market dynamics specific to the agriculture of legumes.  Western markets have shown a trend favoring plant-based protein as a sustainable source of nutrition however, research on raw material sourcing, processing, and its market structure is limited, often with low government intervention. The Indian agriculture sector comprises mainly legume farming, contributing to a significant portion of the country’s economy. This thesis aims to describe the actor interactions in the Indian agriculture sector with a focus on drivers and hindrances that promote and limit the growth of the legume agriculture technological innovation system.  Using qualitative research methods to gather data from candidates directly involved in the legume trade has proven insightful. Findings show that there are complex interaction scenarios between the actors involved. Restricted by the size of farming area, target markets, and market convention, farmers are subjected to a lock-in type scenario with respect to sales and purchasers. Although government intervention offers protection and assistance, it remains a safety net for the agriculture community. Authoritative influence is used to promote policy however, interactions between actors are not optimized to support this change effectively.  Inter-organizational and actor networks are weak apart from certain business relationships arising from contractual obligations. Knowledge development is present but formal procedures of knowledge diffusion are absent, leaving opportunities not being capitalized on. The study discusses the merits and demerits of this system using the Technology Innovation System framework functions for the analysis. Limitations of the theoretical framework is discussed as a modified version of the framework is utilized in this thesis, giving importance to interactions and localized application of TIS functions.

[pt] As novas tecnologias trazem novos paradigmas para o design de adornos pessoais. Apesar da sua adoção, essas tecnologias são comumente empregadas para executar as mesmas formas de adornos produzidas em banca de ourives, portanto a inovação pode ficar limitada aos processos de fabricação. A tendência à virtualização do mundo físico também impõe novos desafios ao design de adornos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo trazer reflexões para o design de adornos sobre como as novas tecnologias podem contribuir para dar sentidos inovadores aos produtos. Para isso, apresenta e discute características específicas do design de adornos, assim mostrando o paradigma do emprego dessas tecnologias. Posto isso, delimita o escopo das novas tecnologias pertinentes à pesquisa, expondo seus efeitos e impactos no design de adornos. Com base em uma pesquisa documental, mostra o potencial expressivo dessas tecnologias através da seleção de casos. A seguir, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, analisa a mediação que o design pode fazer entre adornos pessoais e novas tecnologias. Em conjunto à contextualização, foram realizadas atividades de experimentação em realidade virtual, digitalização tridimensional e design computacional, que buscaram explorar o potencial dessas tecnologias de forma inovadora através do design. Os experimentos desenvolvidos demonstraram aspectos específicos das novas tecnologias abordadas e, em conjunto, esses procedimentos expuseram a relação entre elas e o processo de inovação de significados no design de adornos. / [en] New technologies bring new paradigms for jewelry design. Despite their adoption, these technologies are commonly used to create the same styles of jewelry produced by hand by goldsmiths, so innovation may be limited to manufacturing processes. The shift towards virtualization of the physical world also poses new challenges to jewelry design. This research aims to reflect on how new technologies in jewelry design can give innovative meanings to products. For this, it presents and discusses specific characteristics of jewelry design, thus showing the paradigm of the use of these technologies. That said, it delimits the scope of new technologies relevant to this research, exposing their effects and impacts on jewelry design. Based on documentary research, a selection of cases is made to show the expressive potential of these technologies. Then, through a literature review, it analyzes the mediation that design can make between jewelry and new technologies. Along with the contextualization, experimentation activities in virtual reality, 3D scanning and computational design were carried out, seeking to explore the potential of these technologies through design in an innovative way. The experiments demonstrated specific aspects of the new technologies addressed in this research and also exposed the relationship between them and the process of innovation of meanings in jewelry design.

Factors that could enable the development of a distribution system for hydrogen applied to heavy-duty vehicles in Sweden are studied in this thesis. Fuel cell and hydrogen technology could be a solution in an electrification mix to reduce the environmental impacts of heavy-duty vehicles (Neef, 2009). However, the distribution system for hydrogen in Sweden is limited, with only five hydrogen refueling stations geographically dispersed (Vätgas Sverige, n.d.). In addition, distribution options at the lowest-cost delivery mode are highly dependent on the hydrogen application, density of demand, quantity to be transported, and distance between the delivery point and the production (Bersani, et al., 2018) To determine what factors could be decisive to develop a distribution system, the technological innovation system framework has been applied in this study. The analysis is carried out with the framework’s system functions. Further, the analysis is based on literature on hydrogen that considers hindering factors and barriers, policy recommendations, lock-in effects, distribution and transportation, and centralized vs. de-centralized systems. Moreover, data has been collected through 11 semi-structured interviews with actors from different sectors, energy companies, truck manufacturers, and researchers, amongst others. The analysis concludes that cross-sectoral collaboration, pilot testing, and governmental support can be enabling factors for the development of a distribution system in Sweden. / Faktorer som kan möjliggöra utvecklingen av ett distributionssystem för vätgas applicerat för tunga fordon i Sverige studeras i den här studien. Tekniken för bränsleceller och vätgas kan vara en lösning i en elektrifieringsmix för att minska miljöpåverkan från tunga fordon (Neef,2009). Distributionssystemet för vätgas i Sverige är dock begränsat, med endast fem vätgastankstationer som är geografiskt spridda (Vätgas Sverige, n.d.). Dessutom är distributionsalternativen till lägst kostnad i hög grad beroende av väteapplikationen, efterfrågan, kvantitet som ska transporteras och avståndet mellan leveranspunkten och produktionen (Bersani, et al., 2018). För att avgöra vilka faktorer som kan vara avgörande för att utveckla ett distributionssystem har ramverket för teknisk innovation system tillämpats i den här studien. Analysen utförs med ramverkets systemfunktioner. Vidare baseras analysen på litteratur om väte som tar hänsyn till hindrande faktorer och barriärer, policyrekommendationer, lock-in-effekter, distribution och transport och centraliserade kontra decentraliserade system. Dessutom har data samlats ingenom 11 halvstrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer från olika sektorer, energibolag, lastbilstillverkare och forskare, bland annat. Utifrån analysen dras slutsatsen att sektorsövergripande samarbete, pilottestning och statligt stöd är faktorer som kan möjliggöra en utveckling av ett distributionssystem för vätgas i Sverige.

La industria del videojuego se ha consolidado como uno de los sectores de entretenimiento con mayor crecimiento económico. Ha generado un incremento en el uso de dispositivos electrónicos en la sociedad. Los jóvenes aprenden sobre nuevas tecnologías para potenciar y mejorar en un videojuego. En consecuencia, la industria del videojuego influye en los hábitos de consumo, pensamiento y comportamiento de una persona. La investigación realizada tiene como objetivo determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen para convertir a los videojugadores universitarios en catalizadores de innovación tecnológica. Se ha trabajado con una muestra de jóvenes universitarios, entre hombres y mujeres, que juegan videojuegos de manera casual e intensiva porque son el mayor segmento que consume este tipo de entretenimiento en el Perú. El enfoque de investigación es de tipo cualitativo porque permite ahondar en la experiencia de ambos tipos de jugadores en el marco del videojuego. Se efectuaron dos focus group, uno para los videojugadores casuales y otro para los intensivos, con categorías relacionadas al videojuego y adopción tecnológica. La primera categoría recopila información sobre la frecuencia, conocimiento y experiencia que tienen los individuos sobre videojuegos. Mientras que, la segunda categoría compila la adopción tecnológica, influencia que ejercen en su entorno social y tipo de adoptante según Everett Rogers, sociólogo precursor de la teoría de la difusión de innovaciones. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se determinó que los videojugadores intensivos poseen mayores conocimientos tecnológicos, cuestionan y reflexionan sobre dispositivos electrónicos no relacionados a los videojuegos e influyen en su entorno social. Son individuos propensos a convertirse en innovadores tecnológicos por la exposición que han tenido con la industria del videojuego. / The videogame industry has established itself as one of the most economically growing entertainment sectors. It has led to an increase in the use of electronic devices in society. Young people learn about new technologies to empower and improve in a video game. As a result, the video game industry influences a person’s habits of consumption, thinking, and behavior. The research carried out aims to determine what are the factors that influence to turn university videoplayers into catalysts of technological innovation. We have worked with a sample of young university students, between men and women, who play videogames in a casual and intensive way because they are the largest segment that consumes this type of entertainment in Peru. The research approach is qualitative because it allows to delve into the experience of both types of players in the framework of the videogame. Two focus groups were made, one for casual videoplayers and one for intensive ones, with categories related to videogames and technological adoption. The first category collects information about the frequency, knowledge, and experience that individuals have about videogames. While, the second category compiles the technological adoption, influence they exert on their social environment and type of adopter according to Everett Rogers, sociologist precursor of the theory of the diffusion of innovations. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that intensive videoplayers have greater technological knowledge, question and reflect on electronic devices unrelated to video games and influence their social environment. They are individuals prone to becoming technological innovators by the exposure they have had with the videogame industry. / Tesis

Bakgrund: Efter utbrottet av covid-19 har många branscher upplevt ökat behov av distansarbete. I synnerhet hos IT-konsultbolag efterfrågas distansarbete ännu mer bland IT-konsulterna. Vid distansarbete har formella styrmedel, det vill säga resultat- och beteendekontroll, visat sig användas i en större utsträckning eftersom att distansarbete försvårar kontroll över de anställda. Teknisk innovation, som är kritiskt för IT-konsultbolags överlevnad efter pandemins utbrott, riskerar däremot att bli hämmat av formella styrmedel. Dock finns det inte många undersökningar om hur formella styrmedel vidare påverkar teknisk innovation när IT-konsultbolag inför mer distansarbete. Därmed blir detta intressant att undersöka.  Syfte: Studien syftar till att skapa förståelse för hur pandemin har påverkat användning av styrmedel och styrmedlens påverkan på innovation när distansarbete har införts.  Metod: Studien genomförs med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och utgår ifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Därtill används en abduktiv forskningsansats. En flerfallsstudie har utförts där empirisk data samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre IT-konsultbolag. Däribland intervjuades nio respondenter med positionerna IT-konsult, projektledare och chef och dessa har förståelse för företagets formella styrmedel och teknisk innovation.  Slutsats: Uppsatsen kommer fram till att pandemin delvis påverkat formella styrmedel via de tre studerade faktorerna produktivitet, förtroende och kommunikation. Produktivitet har ökat vid distansarbete, förtroende har bibehållits på samma nivå och kommunikationen fungerar generellt sett lika bra. Det leder till att resultatkontroll används på samma sätt och beteendekontroll används i något högre utsträckning. Vidare påverkas teknisk innovation av formella styrmedel via de tre faktorerna motivation, kortsiktigt tänkande och flexibilitet efter utbrottet av pandemin. För att uppnå ökad motivation och större flexibilitet bör företagen sträva efter att införa tight resultatkontroll och lös beteendekontroll. Vidare har inte tight resultatkontroll lett till något hot för teknisk innovation via varken kortsiktigt tänkande eller minskad motivation. Dessutom verkar den fortsatt lösa beteendekontrollen ha bidragit till goda möjligheter till teknisk innovation eftersom det möjliggjort stor flexibilitet och ökad motivation. / Background: Following the outbreak of covid-19, many industries have experienced an increased need for telework. Particularly with IT consulting companies, teleworking is even more in demand among IT consultants. When working remotely, formal control systems, i.e result and action control, have been shown to be used to a greater extent because teleworking makes it difficult to control employees. Technological innovation, which is critical for the survival of IT consulting companies after the outbreak of the pandemic, risks being hampered by formal control systems. However, there are not many studies on how the formal control systems affect technological innovation when more teleworking is introduced in IT consulting companies. Thus, this becomes interesting to investigate. Purpose: The study aims to create an understanding of how the pandemic has affected the use of formal control systems and the control systems' impact on innovation when teleworking has been introduced.  Methodology: The study is carried out with a qualitative research strategy and is based on a hermeneutic perspective. In addition, an abductive research approach is used. A multiple case study has been performed where empirical data was collected by semi-structured interviews from three IT consulting companies. Among them, nine respondents were interviewed with the positions IT consultant, project manager and manager and they had an understanding of the company's formal control systems and technological innovation. Conclusion: The pandemic has partly affected formal control systems through the three factors studied: productivity, trust and communication. Productivity has increased, trust has stayed the same and communication generally works just as well. This leads to result control being used similarly and action control being used to a somewhat greater extent. Further, technological innovation is influenced by formal control systems by three factors: motivation, short-term thinking and flexibility after the outbreak of the pandemic. To achieve increased motivation and greater flexibility, companies should strive to introduce tight result and loose action control. Tight result control has not led to any threat to technological innovation through either short-term thinking or reduced motivation. The continued loose action control seems to have contributed to good opportunities for technological innovation as it has enabled great flexibility and increased motivation.

[pt] O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso realizado a partir da análise da indústria fonográfica brasileira, entre o período de 1990 até 2010. Com base no que foi observado na revisão da literatura, a natureza da pesquisa é qualitativa. Foram realizadas 6 entrevistas com executivos das principais firmas multinacionais e nacionais da indústria (Som Livre, WEA, EMI, Universal, Sony, RCA, etc.). Por objetivo, busca-se identificar como as principais firmas da indústria fonográfica brasileira perceberam as turbulências do ambiente decorrentes da inovação tecnológica, como desenvolveram respostas a partir de suas capacidades dinâmicas e quais aprendizados e transformações ocorreram em um novo cenário da indústria. Foram considerados três momentos pelos quais a indústria fonográfica passou no recorte de tempo da pesquisa: mudança dos suportes de mídia, adoção de novos hardwares para reprodução e consumo de fonogramas e desintermediação dos processos, rotinas, produções, distribuições e consumo de fonogramas. Os resultados do estudo mostram que as mudanças tecnológicas apresentaram dois cenários distintos para a indústria fonográfica brasileira: os atores obtiveram grandes receitas com a nova tecnologia digital, ao mesmo tempo, em que as transformações, não previstas pela indústria, ocasionaram mudanças radicais, tanto no ambiente de negócio quanto, no ambiente tecnológico das firmas. Fato que gerou sérias consequências ao tradicional modelo de negócio de comercialização de fonogramas. Nesse sentido, o que pode ser destacado é uma inércia dos atores em relação às turbulências do ambiente. Com base nos achados foram elaboradas contribuições acadêmicas e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. / [en] The present work is a case study based on the analysis of the brazilian phonographic industry, between the period from 1990 to 2010. Based on what was observed in the literature review, the nature of the research is qualitative. Six interviews were carried out with executives from the multinational and national majors in the industry (Som Livre, WEA, EMI, Universal, Sony, RCA, etc.). By objective, this research seek to understand how the main companies of the Brazilian music industry perceived the turbulence of the environment resulting from technological innovation, how they developed responses from their dynamic capabilities and what learnings and transformations took place in a new industry scenario. Three moments were taken into account that the phonographic industry passed through in this period: change of media supports, adoption of new hardwares for reproduction and consumption of phonograms and disintermediation of processes, routines, productions, distributions and consumption of phonograms. The results of the study show that technological changes presented two different scenarios for the brazilian music industry: the actors obtained large revenues from the new digital technology, at the same time that the transformations, not foreseen by the industry, caused radical changes, both in the business and in the technological environment of firms. This fact has had serious consequences for the traditional business model of commercialization of phonograms. In this sense, what can be highlighted is an inertia of the actors in relation to the turbulence of the environment. Based on the findings, academic contributions and suggestions for future research were made.

Traditional retail with personal service is becoming scarce. The personal interaction is replaced with self service alternatives, and the consumer is now seen as a co-service producer. What is the general attitude towards the service provided within these automated experiences? Is the automated experience of service comparable to the traditional service that is expected from the customer, or is the industry moving too fast, risking the exclusion of certain consumer groups in the quest for automation? This study conducted semi-structured interviews with a broad range of consumers and used thematic analysis in an effort to discover consumers' unique motivations in regards to self service alternatives in physical stores. The result showed that most consumers are satisfied as long as the service works as intended. But when problems arise, many of the respondents point out the lack of standardization, human support, long waiting times, and control within the user interface. Findings in this study contribute to the industry by identifying traits within the technology viewed by the consumer as enablers or disablers.

The purpose of this research is to study the advantages of 5G technological innovation in the development of smart cities, i.e., to find out in what way this technology plays the main driving force of other relevant technologies essential to developing smart cities. In addition, this study explores the potential consequences of developing smart cities using 5G technology. Main Research Question How does 5G technological innovation influence the development of smart cities?  Sub-Research Questions 1.1 What are the advantages of smart city development using 5G technology?  1.2 What are the hindrances to smart city development using 5G technology? The methodology of this study includes bibliometric data analysis and a systematic literature review. The journal databases have been searched with appropriate keywords to get published articles on 5G technological innovation, its advantages, and potential consequences on the development of smart cities, technological hindrances, and sustainability threats to the development of smart cities. The relevant literature was then analyzed precisely. In the development of smart cities, the 5G technological innovation is to act as the backbone of smart cities. There are different types of technologies contributing to the development of smart cities. Among them, the Internet of Things, Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Sensors, Geospatial Technology, Blockchain, Robotics, and Industry 4.0 are fundamental technologies. 5G technological innovations are strategic. Therefore, whether this innovation has a strategic impact has been found in this analysis.  Recommendations We must welcome and utilize the advantages of new technological innovation. We still need more practical studies of using 5G in smart cities. Telecom operators, relevant service providers, and vendors can collaborate with public health and environmental researchers to clearly disclose the 5G advantages and potential consequences.  Further research is required to finalize the unknown facts of EMF pollution, and other controversial areas like privacy, safety, and security could be studied to determine whether the 5G wireless technology is secure and adds real value for the users.

<p>This research demonstrates the strong link between successful leadership and the development of creative company models. The study's findings show that many leadership aspects are critical for obtaining success in small and medium-sized businesses.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Providing staff with the proper tools, resources, and training opportunities is critical for enhancing productivity and morale. Furthermore, providing competitive salaries, benefits, and a happy work atmosphere assists in attracting and retaining great employees, which is crucial for</p> <p>small company success.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The success of Computer Village Lagos serves as a model for aspiring entrepreneurs and countries seeking to replicate it. This dissertation introduces the Otigba Business Model (OBM), which was created by capitalizing on the success of the Computer Village. Entrepreneurs and</p> <p>countries can use the OBM to develop innovative business models that emphasize a diverse range of products and services, strong partnerships, competitive pricing, a centralized location, excellent marketing, and an entrepreneurial culture. Businesses in the technology industry can achieve</p> <p>success and thrive by leveraging these factors and embracing effective leadership.</p>

This study examines the integration of urban agriculture into smart cities in the Netherlands, with an emphasis on stakeholder roles and the institutional environment. The study investigates the complex interaction between local governments, businesses, academic institutions, community groups, and residents using the theoretical frameworks of Scott's institutional theory, stakeholder salience theory, and Moore's business ecosystem theory. The study uses semi-structured interviews with important stakeholders to identify each group's power, legitimacy, and urgency, as well as to investigate their relationships and collaboration. Key findings show that local governments play an important role in regulatory support, land use facilitation, and financial incentives, whereas businesses promote technological innovation and economic viability. Academic institutions make significant contributions to research and technological developments, while community groups promote social sustainability and local participation. Residents, as end users, affect urban agriculture by their engagement and demand. Institutional barriers such as regulatory hurdles, financial constraints, and cultural resistance hinder the integration of urban agriculture. Supportive policies, financial incentives, community engagement, and educational initiatives have been stated as crucial facilitators. To address these barriers, the study underlines the importance of streamlining regulatory processes, developing comprehensive food strategies, and increasing public awareness. Urban agriculture can be successfully integrated into smart city frameworks by leveraging the collaborative potential of varying stakeholders and building a supportive institutional environment. This integration fosters sustainable urban development, improves community well-being, and addresses food security, environmental management, and social cohesion issues. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to build resilient, innovative, and inclusive urban ecosystems, adding valuable insights to the field of sustainable urban development.