OLIVEIRA, Flavia Cristina Candido de. Sequência narrativa: narrativa ou script? um estudo da infraestrutura em produções textuais de 6º ano. 2010, 215 p.Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-06T15:50:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_diss_FCCdeOliveira.pdf: 19104463 bytes, checksum: 6c6a573146a2e4d37c8e0327deb66e2b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-09-23T23:27:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_diss_FCCdeOliveira.pdf: 19104463 bytes, checksum: 6c6a573146a2e4d37c8e0327deb66e2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-23T23:27:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_diss_FCCdeOliveira.pdf: 19104463 bytes, checksum: 6c6a573146a2e4d37c8e0327deb66e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This work aims at analyzing the text productions of the II level fundamental sixth grade, concerned to the genre of popular narratives. The approach given to the theme is based on Text Linguistics, emphasizing Adam’s (1992; 2008) narrative prototype and Bronckart’s (2007) sociodiscursive interactionism, particularly about the type of narrative discourse. The objective is to analyze the infrastructure of these texts, verifying the presence of the narrative sequence or of the script, as well as of the constructions with the following categories: verb tenses, temporal organizers and pronouns. This is a theoretical-practical research, which can be described as an almost experimental one, whose corpus is formed by forty-two (42) text productions, divided into initial production and final production. These text productions, which were done by workshops in the light of Schneuwly and Dolz’s (2004) didactic sequences, were collected in a period of three weeks, containing activities with the categories previously cited. We observed that a lot of productions were structured according to Adam’s (1992; 2008) narrative sequences. However, other texts presented only the script, according to Bronckart (2007), what can jeopardize the text infrastructure of narrative genres as we proposed to construct with these students of the sixth grade. We noticed that the students have the narrative structure internalized, but they can not distinguish the plot process from the script, producing texts which only enumerate actions. When they build them, they use the mentioned categories, prioritizing narrative verb tenses, although some of these situations appear to be wrong. The temporal organizers, which are the second category analyzed, have the function of an auxiliary of the verb tenses with the most frequent adverbial locutions. Referring to the pronouns, the constructions present anaphors which show the use of a language mechanism that avoids the repetition of text elements. This results in the constitution of a writing development process and an idea structure process by the students. We believe that this research consists in a theoretical reflection about the construction of narrative texts by students of the sixth grade. We hope to contribute to the importance of differing a narrative text from a script. The relevance of this research is defined by the comprehension of these categories to the text infrastructure, which help the students to product narrative genres, and the teachers to comprehend this process, valuing and helping the students in the narrative text production. / Esta pesquisa está centrada no estudo de produções textuais de alunos de 6º ano do ensino fundamental II, cujo gênero pertence ao conto popular. A abordagem dada ao tema teve como base pressupostos da Linguística Textual, com ênfase no protótipo narrativo de Adam (1992; 2008) e no ISD de Bronckart (2007), especificamente, no tipo de discurso narração. O objetivo é analisar a infraestrutura desses textos, verificando a presença da sequência narrativa ou do script, além da construção do texto com as categorias: tempos verbais, organizadores temporais e pronomes. A pesquisa apresenta um caráter teórico-prático e é delineada em quase-experimental com um corpus que se compõe de quarenta e duas (42) produções textuais divididas em produção inicial (PI) e produção final (PF). Essas produções textuais foram recolhidas durante um período de três semanas com atividades, que tratavam das categorias citadas anteriormente, em forma de oficinas à luz das sequências didáticas de Schneuwly; Dolz (2004). A análise levou-nos a observar que muitas das produções foram estruturadas segundo a sequência narrativa de Adam (1992; 2008), outras, porém, apresentaram somente o script, conforme Bronckart (2007), comprometendo a infraestrutura textual de gêneros do narrar como o que nos propomos a construir com os alunos do 6º ano. Apreendemos que os alunos possuem a estrutura narrativa internalizada, porém não sabem distinguir entre o processo de intriga e o script, produzindo textos que apenas enumeram ações. Ao construí-los utilizam-se das categorias elencadas, priorizando os tempos verbais do narrar, apesar de em algumas situações essas construções parecerem equivocadas. Os organizadores temporais, segunda categoria analisada, funcionam nesses textos como um elemento que auxilia os tempos verbais com as locuções adverbiais que se apresentam com maior incidência. Na categoria pronomes, as construções apresentam anáforas que demonstram o uso de um mecanismo da língua, evitando repetição de elementos no texto, o que constitui para um aluno em processo de desenvolvimento da escrita uma estruturação de ideias. Acreditamos que a pesquisa constitui-se em uma reflexão teórica sobre a construção do texto narrativo de alunos de 6º ano. Esperamos ter contribuído para compreensão da importância da diferenciação entre um texto narrativo e um script. A relevância dessa pesquisa está na compreensão dessas categorias na infraestrutura do texto que auxiliam o aluno a produzir gêneros do narrar e ao professor compreender esse processo, valorizando e auxiliando o aluno na construção da produção textual narrativa.

Cette thèse porte sur l'apprentissage des temps verbaux du passé composé, de l'imparfait et du plus-que-parfait en français langue étrangère (L2) par des étudiants de première langue (L1) japonaise à l'université au Japon. Dans ce contexte, nous avons expérimenté une approche d'inspiration vygotskienne pour l'enseignement de ces temps, appelée « approche par concepts », où les concepts en jeu (temps physique, aspect, phase du procès) sont présentés initialement pour favoriser un emploi plus conscient, et rendre les apprenants capables d'utiliser les temps selon à la fois leur intention communicative et la norme. On rend compte de deux versions mises en œuvre en 2012 sur 21 semaines et en 2013 sur 12 semaines. Mais l'analyse des résultats nous a conduit à réorienter notre problématique pour prendre en compte le rôle de la L1 dans la conceptualisation. Cela nécessitait de décrire le processus d'énonciation tel qu'il se déroule en temps réel, en L1 et en L2. On a ainsi proposé une nouvelle hypothèse, selon laquelle les concepts médiatisés en L1 sont investis au moment de l'énonciation par l'apprenant pour constituer le niveau conceptuel du verbe au centre de la scène de l'énoncé en L2. En outre, cet investissement correspondrait au développement vers les structures conceptuelles de la L2. Suivant la méthode microgénétique, une trentaine d'extraits issus de verbalisations et de tâches de résolution de problèmes en binômes et individuelles (en pensée à voix haute) sont analysés. Les résultats montrent que pour justifier le choix du temps verbal en L2, les apprenants s'engagent dans une activité métalinguistique spécifique sur des formes de la L1 impliquées dans les renditions verbales. L'interprétation proposée est que c'est un moyen pour eux de focaliser leur attention sur des concepts du japonais jugés adéquats pour constituer le niveau conceptuel du verbe de l'énoncé en français. À la fin de la thèse, des pistes sont proposées pour élaborer une approche par concepts pour les niveaux initiaux dans ce contexte, en tenant compte de cette stratégie d'apprentissage mais aussi en la cadrant. / This thesis deals with the learning of the compound past (passé composé), imperfect (imparfait) and pluperfect (plus-que-parfait) in French as a foreign language (L2) by Japanese first language (L1) students at a university in Japan. In this context, a vygotskyan approach, known as “concept-based approach”, was experimented with for the teaching of these tenses. The concepts that are involved (time, aspect, tense phase) were initially introduced to promote a more conscious use, and enable learners to employ the tenses according to the intended communicative goal as well as L2 norms. Two implementations with second year students in 2012 and 2013, carried out over 21 weeks and 12 weeks respectively, are reported on. An analysis of the outcomes of these implementations in turn led to a shift in focus of the research problem to also account for the role of the L1 in the process of conceptualization. As a result, this required describing the process of oral enunciation, as it unfolds in real time, in the L1 and L2. A new hypothesis is then proposed that, at the moment of speaking, L1 mediated concepts are used by learners to constitute the conceptual level of the verb at the center of the L2 utterance. Furthermore, we suggest that the use of L1 corresponds to the development towards L2 conceptual structures. About thirty extracts from verbalizations, and peer and individual (think aloud) problem-solving tasks were analyzed, using a microgenetic method. The results show that learners engage in a specific metalinguistic activity on L1 forms involved in verbal construals. An interpretation is then proposed that by doing so, it enables learners to focus on the concepts of the Japanese language they consider adequate to form the conceptual level of the verb predicated in the utterance in French. Finally, suggestions are made to improve a concept-based approach for initial levels in this context, by taking into account this learning strategy and providing a frame for it.

Les épopées d’Homère et de Virgile, la Chanson de Roland sont marquées par une alternance qui peut paraître capricieuse. En fait, on la saisit beaucoup mieux dès lors qu’on prend en compte la présence des corps : ceux du jongleur, de l’aède, du récitant ; le corps du public. Postures, gestuelle, mouvements, regard, souffle, musique s’articulent à cette alternance pour en faire une véritable danse. Cette thèse étudie d’abord comment dansent chacun des temps principaux du récit dans ces épopées, en accordant la priorité à Homère et au Roland ; puis elle étudie comment cette danse des temps prend corps dans chacune des petites pièces dont nous décelons que sont composées les épopées anciennes comme le Roland : les laisses. / The Homeric and Virgilian epics, as well as the Chanson de Roland are full of tenseswitching, the use of which might seem capricious to the modern reader. It is in fact much better understood when bodies’ presence is taken into account — these bodies being the bard’s one as well as the audience’s. Postures, gestures, moves, eyes, breath, music are joint partners to tenseswitching, so that tenses really dance in epics. This study is firstly about how each one of the main narrative tenses dances in Homer and the Roland, and also in the Æneid. Then it studies the way tenses dance in each of the small pieces we find in the classical epics as well as in the Roland : the laisses.

L’étude présente l’histoire de la classe du participe à travers un corpus de grammaires del’espagnol, du français, de l’italien et du portugais parues entre le XVe et le XVIIIe siècle.La démarche comparative s’appuie sur le principe méthodologique de la mise en série d’une centaine d’ouvrages regroupés et confrontés selon des paramètres variables : la chronologie, le thème ou la tradition grammaticale de la langue-objet.La première partie aborde la question de la catégorisation en linguistique et s’interroge sur la nature des formes non finies du verbe, tout particulièrement du participe et de son emploi dans les formes verbales analytiques. La deuxième partie traite de l’histoire du participe sous un angle général. Ainsi, après avoir donné un aperçu des aspects problématiques qui intéressent les grammairiens grecs et latins, l’analyse se centre sur le traitement de la classe dans les grammaires des langues romanes. La troisième partie s’attache à étudier les approches et les concepts dont se servent les grammairiens de la Renaissance pour traiter les temps composés ainsi que la façon dont ils décrivent et (re)catégorisent les formes participiales de ces temps verbaux. / The study investigates the history of the word-class of participle through a close study of a corpus of French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian grammars which were published between the 15th and 18th centuries. The comparative approach is based on the methodological principle of “series of texts”, by grouping and collating a hundred works according to several variable parameters: the chronology, the theme or the grammatical tradition of the language in question.The first part of the study deals with the linguistic categorization and questions the nature of the non-finite verbal forms, especially the participle and its use in an analytical verbal form. The second part deals with the history of the participle from a more general point of view. Thus, after an overview of the problematic aspects of Greek and Latin grammarians, the analysis focuses on the treatment of the word-class in the grammars of the Romance languages. The third part focuses on the approaches and concepts used by the Renaissance grammarians to deal with compound tenses and on how they described and (re)-categorized the participle forms of these verbal tenses. / El estudio presenta la historia de la clase del participio a través de un corpus de gramáticas de español, francés, italiano y portugués publicadas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. El enfoque comparativo se basa en el principio metodológico de la constitución de series textuales, que nos permite agrupar y cotejar un centenar de textos en función de parámetros variables: la cronología, el tema o la tradición gramatical de la lengua objeto.La primera parte aborda el asunto de la categorización en lingüística e indaga la naturaleza de las formas no finitas del verbo, especialmente la del participio y su utilización en las formas analíticas del verbo. La segunda parte propone una aproximacióna la historia del participio desde una perspectiva más general. Así pues, tras una cala en los aspectos problemáticos relacionados con el participio tratados por los gramáticos griegos y latinos, el análisis se centra en el tratamiento de la clase en las gramáticas de las lenguas romances. La tercera parte investiga sobre los enfoques y los conceptos que emplean los gramáticos del Renacimiento para tratar los tiempos compuestos, y sobre el modo en que describen y (re)categorizan las formas participiales de esos tiempos verbales.