L'ailleurs est une notion primordiale en poésie et Henri Michaux, à la suite de Baudelaire et de Rimbaud en est l'un des principaux représentants. La notion d'un ailleurs spécifique à la création poétique et artistique est utilisée pour analyser comment le poète transforme la poésie. Les ailleurs réels de ses voyages et les ailleurs imaginaires de sa poésie s'unissent alors dans un voyage intérieur qui permet au poète de se réconcilier avec lui-même. Henri Michaux utilise sa volonté d'impuissance pour s'extraire de la tradition classique et du romantisme artistique et pour résister au monde qui l'entoure. Mais l'exploration de son intériorité et la modification de l'espace qu'elle impliquent le confrontent à l'universelle douleur de l'existence humaine. Le poète s'attache alors, malgré les blessures de sa vie, à apaiser son espace intérieur. Il s'inspire des philosophies asiatiques et de l'ancienne magie chamanique pour enchanter le monde. Il parvient à un art de guérison qui renouvelle la poésie par le recours aux déplacements et aux mutations de l'ailleurs poétique / Being "anywhere out of the world" as a poetical space, is a central concept of poetry. Henri Michaux, following Baudelaire and Rimbaud is one of the main explorers of the poetical space. The notion of a specific space of poetic and artistic creation is used to analyze how the poet transforms poetry. The real space of travel and the space of imagination in his poetry join together for a journey in which the poet reconciles with himself. Henri Michaux uses his will of weakness to escape the classical and romantic tradition and resist to the world around him. The exploration of his interiority, and the modification of space that it requires, make him confront to the universal pain of men. The poet, despite the wounds of his life, wants his inner space to be in peace. He bases his art on Asian philosophies and the ancient shamanic magic. He reaches a healing art which renews poetry by using of shifting and mutations of the poetic space.

Ce travail s'attache à décrire la représentation de l'Italie par des auteurs français ou francophones à l'articulation des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles (1790-1829). Son objectif est de réhabiliter le principe esthétique de "néoclassicisme" à travers le paradigme italien, et d'en démontrer la pertinence en tant que catégorie d'analyse littéraire élaborée a posteriori. Le choix d'une telle terminologie implique d'emblée la permanence d'un idéal "classique" de représentation, dont il s'agit d'examiner les modalités et de mesurer l'infléchissement au sein de démarches plurielles d'écriture. Le parcours suivi conduit à étudier les formes de l'exemplarité de l'antique et l'héritage de tradition académique, puis leur inscription dans une réflexivité - un "classicisme au second degré" - souvent sur le mode polémique; après la Révolution, le néoclassicisme apparaît dans le tiraillement entre une pensée tragique du devenir historique et différentes tentatives de refondation par la littérature. La définition paradoxale de la modernité qui en découle contribue à fonder la conscience patrimoniale d'une époque de transition; réinventer le présent au service de l'avenir ne peut se faire que "sous le signe de Janus". / This dissertation describes French and Francophone writers' representations of Italy at the turning point between the eighteenth and nineteenth century (1790-1829). It aims to rehabilitate the aesthetic principle og "neoclassicism" through the Italian paradigm, and to show its relevance as an a posteriori category for literary analysis. The choice of such a terminology immediately implies the permanence of a "classical" ideal in terms of representation, the modalities of which need to be examined. This work also reflects on the evolution of the notion as it treated by various authors. It begins by examining the exemplarity of the antique as well as th heritage of the academic tradition, before turning to a consideration of their inscription in an often polemical reflexivity ("second-degree classicism"). After the French Revolution, neoclassicism emerges in the tension between the tragic thought of a historical becoming and literature's multiple attempts at restructuring it. The subsequent and paradoxical definition of modernity contributes to generate a transitional period's collective awareness of itself as constituting a legacy. Reinventing the present for future's sake can only happen "under the sign of Janus".

A tese discute, sob a interface da literatura e da história, duas narrativas coloniais produzidas a partir de Olinda. Sugere-se o embarque pelos campos da poética e da viagem e revisita Pernambuco, não no sentido de cantar ou descrever feitos históricos, porém alcançar a percepção do leitor como proposta de se ler um texto épico, outro descritivo mediado por suportes interdisciplinares. Entre a epopeia e o testemunho, propõe-se aqui uma análise dos mundos épico de Bento Teixeira, autor de Prosopopeia e viajado por Henry Koster, autor de Travels in Brazil, traduzido ao português por Luís da Câmara Cascudo como Viagens ao Nordeste do Brasil, por letras necessárias para se ler a paisagem e ver o mundo, mediante o diálogo entre a arte e a cartografia do imaginário. Como passaporte para a leitura, indica-se o embarque pelas fontes luso-brasileiras. Como proposta de chegada, trilha-se o caminho da percepção de composição de mundo colonial pela temática da viagem. A tese alcança questões da contemporaneidade, como leitura e recepção, educação e currículo, educação pública e sociedade, estado social e estado providência para a devida aquisição da cidadania, graças ao direito de aprender conteúdos necessários para a formação digna. / This thesis debates, under the interface of literature and history, two colonial narratives produced by Olinda. It is suggested boarding in the fields of poetry and voyage and revisits Pernambuco, neither in the sense of singing, nor by describing a sort of historical facts only, though reaching the perception of the reader at present. The purpose here is an invitation to reading theses narratives, not only because of the epic or descriptive approach, but thanks to the contribution and mediation of interdisciplinary areas. Between the epic and the testimony, it proposes a piece of analysis of worlds written by Bento Teixeira, author of Prosopopeia and traveled by Henry Koster, author of Travels in Brazil, translated into Portuguese by Luís da Câmara Cascudo as Viagens ao Nordeste do Brasil, as texts necessary to be read in order to understand the landscape and see the world of the colonial period of Brazil, through the dialogue between art and cartography of the imagination. As a passport to reading, the starting point is indicated by the Luso-Brazilian sources. As strategy of arrival, noticing the perception of the colonial world composed thanks to the theme of the voyage is the path. The thesis reaches contemporary issues, such as reading and reception, education and curriculum, public education and society, social and welfare state for the proper acquisition of citizenship, thanks to the right to learn content necessary for worthy education basis.

The purpose of this study is to consider the extent to which the text of the medieval French epic, Le Pelerinage de Charlemagne, shows evidence of having been composed according to the techniques of a traditional oral style. By an analysis, both descriptive and statistical, along the lines of the "formulaic" diction shown by recent critics to be the basis of oral epic song, it is demonstrated that Le Pelerinage de Charlemagne is constructed in large part according to the same categories of formula or types of formulaic system as have been identified elsewhere in other "chansons de geste." It is therefore concluded that the poet or "jongleur" to whom the Pelerinage de Charlemagne should be attributed shows mastery of the technique of, the oral epic which, in all probability, it was his purpose to parody. / Arts, Faculty of / Central Eastern Northern European Studies, Department of / Graduate

Partir, voyager chez « les infidèles » n’était pas chose aisée dans la Tunisie du XIXe siècle. D’abord, il fallait être un diplomate ou quelqu’un de très aisé pour pouvoir entreprendre un voyage. Ensuite, et pour chaque déplacement, il était nécessaire de se justifier pour légitimer son acte. Les raisons de ces déplacements sont multiples. Certains devaient accomplir des missions diplomatiques décidées par un gouverneur, d’autres entreprenaient un voyage de découverte et d’agrément. Dans cette étude, les voyageurs tunisiens ne sont pas tous de la même génération, et n’appartiennent pas non plus au même milieu culturel et social. Ils ont néanmoins reçu la même éducation religieuse. La variété des influences, des observations et des analyses permet d’élargir le regard porté sur l’Autre. Ce travail de recherche traite les questions suivantes : comment perçoit-on l’Autre (l’Européen) quand on est musulman ? Comment l’Occidental reçoit-il le Tunisien chez lui ? Comment l’écriture en rend-elle compte ? Ce choix thématique ainsi qu’une sélection de voyageurs nous permet d’avoir un aperçu global sur l’évolution de la littérature de voyage en Tunisie au XIXe et jusqu’au début du XXe siècle. / Leaving 19th-century Tunisia to travel among the ‘Infidels’ was no easy thing. First, only diplomats or rich people could afford to travel. Then, for each journey, it was necessary to provide a justification. Reasons for travelling might be varied: some had to undertake a diplomatic mission on behalf of a ruler, others went on a journey for discovery and pleasure. The Tunisian travellers discussed in the present study belong to different generations, and come from different cultural and social backgrounds; they have however received the same religious education. Multiple influences, together with observations and analyses, induce them to broaden their gaze on the ‘Others’ (i.e.Europeans). My research project raises the following questions: what image of the ‘Others’ does a Muslim form ? how do Western people receive their Tunisian guests ? what account do writings give of these experiences? Such a thematic approach, together with a focus on selected travellers, allows us to have an overview of the evolution of travel literature in Tunisia in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

De 1746 à 1756, l’architecte allemand d’origine huguenote Simon-Louis Du Ry voyagea en Suède, en Hollande, en France et en Italie pour apprendre son métier. Il retourna en Italie de 1776 à 1777. Lors de ses périples, Simon-Louis Du Ry a entretenu une intense correspondance avec sa famille. Il a tenu un journal de son second tour d’Italie. Ces manuscrits sont une source très précieuse pour l’histoire de la mobilité des artistes à l’époque Moderne. L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser et d’éditer les récits de voyage de Simon-Louis Du Ry. Nous considérons le voyage comme une pratique individuelle obéissant à des contraintes sociales et matérielles, et comme un mode de perception du monde, des autres, du savoir et de soi-même. L’enjeu est de prendre en compte le voyageur en tant qu’individu, mais aussi l’environnement dans lequel il organise ses déplacements. Après avoir décrit ces périples (itinéraires, modes de transport et d’hébergement, activités du voyageur…), nous les comparons aux modèles de voyage en vogue à l’époque qu’étaient le Grand Tour, le voyage savant, et le voyage artistique. Nous nous attachons aussi à étudier la manière dont Simon-Louis Du Ry a relaté ses pérégrinations, ainsi que l’influence que ces voyages eurent non seulement sur la carrière de cet architecte, mais aussi sur son milieu d’origine, c’est-à-dire le landgraviat de Hesse-Cassel au siècle des Lumières. L’édition critique des récits de voyage de Du Ry que nous proposons est accompagnée d’un apparat critique constitué de notes et de trois index : toponymique, biographique et thématique. / From 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects.

La thèse intitulée « Tempus edax rerum » (« Le temps rongeur dévore tout », Ovide). Le voyage sur ses propres pas dans les écrits du prince Henryk Lubomirski aborde la question d’un second voyage et les incidences du retour dans les mêmes endroits sur la perception de l’auteur. Cette problématique est étudiée à partir de documents manuscrits méconnus jusqu’à présent : le journal de voyage du prince Henryk Lubomirski, la correspondance avec sa mère adoptive la princesse Izabela Lubomirska, et d’autres témoignages conservés dans des archives en Pologne et en Ukraine. Pour entamer nos études, il a fallu définir le phénomène du second voyage qui, pour nous, relève de l’expérience réelle du déjà-parcouru. Cette répétition de l’itinéraire permet de constater les divergences dans la perception des mêmes paysages, sites, monuments dues à divers facteurs, entre autres le vécu et l’histoire personnels qui forment, modifient, varient la sensibilité et la susceptibilité du voyageur. Nous cherchons donc à déterminer la spécificité du regard redoublé, voire renouvelé indépendamment des motifs du déplacement, de sa destination et de la biographie du voyageur. Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous présentons l’histoire du second voyage à partir du Moyen Âge, l’époque où le phénomène est très rare, jusqu’à la Révolution qui marque une rupture, qui met un terme à un certain type de périple et donne naissance à une pratique viatique liée à la nouvelle sensibilité issue de ce grand bouleversement. Nous essayons de démontrer ce qui est particulier et ce qui est universel dans cette expérience. Le second voyage est analysé à partir des pérégrinations de Goethe à travers l’Italie et des retours de Chateaubriand à Londres et à Rome. Chez ces grands écrivains la répétition évoque des émotions différentes. Goethe est déçu, les nouvelles impressions chassent les anciennes, la valeur associée au second voyage se fonde sur l’effacement. Chateaubriand, par contre, tente un rapprochement entre différentes périodes de sa vie et il constate une accumulation des sensations. Les deux exemples des voyageurs polonais qui ont effectué un second voyage complètent ce parcours historique. Dans la deuxième partie, nous exposons la biographie du prince Henryk Lubomirski et les circonstances de son second voyage. Nous parlerons de sa formation et de l’influence décisive de sa mère adoptive qui sera la compagnonne de son Grand Tour dans les années 1789-1790, ainsi que de son activité à l’âge mûr, à savoir la protection du patrimoine culturel polonais. En 1811, le prince et sa famille quittent Genève à cause de problèmes de santé de son épouse. Le séjour dans le Midi devait l’aider à se remettre et à retrouver l’équilibre mental. Cette pérégrination se déroule à travers la France postrévolutionnaire, partout les traces des bouleversements historiques se laissent percevoir. Le prince Lubomirski décrit minutieusement leur itinéraire, le logement, les moyens de transport et les manifestations culturelles auxquelles il assiste. Il note aussi les prix et donne d’autres renseignements pratiques. Ce qui l’intéresse, c’est le paysage qu’il perçoit avec une nouvelle sensibilité si caractéristique pour cette époque charnière. La recherche du sublime et les réflexions sur la relation entre la nature et l’état de l’âme ainsi que sur la fragilité du destin humain se multiplient dans le récit. La troisième partie est consacrée à la question de la mémoire et à ses différentes apparitions : individuelle, collective, nationale. Nous observons qu’aucun regard n’est « innocent », il est toujours chargé de l’histoire personnelle du sujet. La mémoire permet d’opérer une relecture des endroits déjà visités et déclenche des souvenirs. Grâce à son activité affective, elle transforme des lieux neutres en emblèmes de l’agréable, le voyageur récupère le monde disparu et se retrouve soi-même. / The purpose of the thesis « Tempus edax rerum » (« Le temps rongeur dévore tout », Ovide). Le voyage sur ses propres pas dans les écrits du prince Henryk Lubomirski is to approach the question of the second journey and the repercussions of the comeback to the same places on the author's perception. These problems are undertaken through the careful lecture of a number of up-to-date unknown manuscripts: that is, prince Henryk Lubomirski's travel diary and the correspondence with his adoptive mother Izabella Lubomirska, as well as others testimonies.In the preliminary part of the research, it was necessary to define the second journey, which for the purposes of this study, is a real experience of the already-visited. The very repetition of the itinerary allowed to discern the differences in the perception of landscapes, places of interest and historic monuments, all due to different factors; among which are someone's real life experience which form, modify and vary the traveller's sensibility. This in turn made possible an attempt to investigate the specificity of the doubled or renewed look apart from the underlying reasons, such as journey destination, motivation of the traveller, and the biography of the latter.The first part presents the history of the second journey, tracing it back to the Middle Ages, when it was a very uncommon phenomenon, and concluding with the French Revolution which is the moment of a sudden change, putting an end to one kind of travelling and giving way to another experience related to new sensibility, deriving from revolutionary upheaval. Thus, the study attempts to reveal particularity and universality of the second journey in the post-revolutionary era.This in itself is looked at through the lens of Goethe's peregrination across Italy and Chateaubriand's comebacks to Rome and London. In their texts the repetition evokes different emotions. Goethe being disappointed, in his account the new impressions drive away the old ones. Thus, for him the value of the second journey is based on erasing. Chateaubriand, on the other hand, draws a parallel between different times of his life as he observes the accumulation of sensations. The accounts of two Polish travellers from the period complete this historical section.In the second part are approached prince Henryk Lubomirski's biography and the circumstances of his second journey. In particular, his cultural background is taken into account as well as his adoptive mother's influence on his upbringing. She accompanied him in his Grand Tour in 1789-1780 and later on, in his maturity, assisting him in the task of the Polish cultural heritage protection.In 1811 he and his family leave Geneva because of his wife health problems. The stay in the South of France was planned to help her in her recovery and finding mental equilibrium. The journey takes place across post-revolutionary France where traces of atrocities are still clearly visible. The prince describes meticulously itinerary, means of transport, accommodation and events he attends. He writes down prices and practical information. He is particularly fond of landscapes he looks at with new sensibility, characteristic for the period. The sublime search, reflexions on the relation between nature and the states of soul and the fragility of the human fate multiply in the relation.The third part is related to memory and its different dimensions: individual, collective and national. We note that there is no innocent perception, it is always tinged with author's personal history. The memory lets the traveller read again places already visited and triggers memories. Thanks to its affective activity it converts neutral places into symbols of the pleasant, allowing the traveller to succeed in his perennial quest of recovering the world that no longer exists and finding himself back.

Genom detta arbete installerades en färdskrivaranläggning, Voyage Data Recorder, på sjöfartshögskolans fartyg Calmare Nyckel. Syftet med installationen var att skapa ett hjälpmedel till läraren då denne ska ge återkoppling på nautikerelevernas manöverövningar med fartyget. Arbetet utfördes i projektform under sista året på sjöingenjörsprogrammet samt bitvis under de tre efterföljande åren. Resultatet blev en anläggning som spelar in informationen från den bryggutrustning som bedömts vara central för att korrekt kunna återspegla en körning med fartyget, samt möjligheten att kunna återuppspela denna information. / Through this exam work, a Voyage Data Recorder was installed on the Kalmar Maritime Academy’s school ship Calmare Nyckel. The purpose of the installation was to create a tool for the teachers when they are giving feedback on the students’ manoeuvring exercises with the school ship. This work was made in project form during the last year of the marine engineer programme and partly during the following three years. The result was an installation that records the information from the bridge equipment that was judged to be central to be able to correctly mirror the manoeuvring of the ship, and the possibility to replay this information.

Esta dissertação pretende interpretar o romance Voyage au bout de la nuit, de Louis- Ferdinand Céline, partindo de suas tensões mais elementares, cuja irradiação conduz, entre idas e vindas, a uma ampliação gradual dos termos da discussão. Tomando como ponto de partida a situação narrativa do romance, ou seja, a relação indissolúvel entre narrador e linguagem presente na obra, procura-se tensionar os procedimentos literários desencavados por meio da análise com a tradição do gênero. Em seu aspecto mais amplo, este trabalho visa explorar o caráter bifronte do romance. Tal como a imagem de Janus, Voyage au bout de la nuit se volta, ao mesmo tempo, para o futuro e para o passado: aparece como o último representante de uma linhagem subterrânea de obras cuja origem remonta a Rabelais e como o inaugurador de uma forma romanesca bastante original, profundamente ancorada na realidade de seu tempo. / The aim of this dissertation is to interpret the novel Voyage au bout de la nuit, by Louis-Ferdinand Céline, starting from its most elementary tensions, whose irradiation leads, in its backward and forward movements, to a gradual enlargement of the terms of discussion. Taking the novels narrative situation as a starting point, that is to say, the indissoluble relation between narrator and language present in the text, well try to compare the literary procedures, uncovered by means of the analyses, with the tradition of the genre. Such as the image of Janus, Voyage au bout de la nuit turns, at the same time, to the future and the past: It appears as the last representative of an underground lineage of works, whose origins date from Rabelais, and as the founder of a very original novel form, deeply anchored in the reality of its time.

Um dos últimos textos a ser publicado em vida pelo autor, Le Voyage d\'hiver, de Georges Perec, teve um destino diverso no âmbito da crítica literária perecquiana e do OuLiPo. Essa disparidade de tratamento parece estar vinculada ao tipo de análise que o papel do leitor suscitou na crítica até então. O objetivo dessa dissertação é realizar uma análise alternativa deste papel de modo a explicar a diferença apontada. Tentando evitar as aporias que a crítica perecquiana enfrenta na compreensão da obra do autor, esta dissertação traz também a análise de alguns aspectos do manuscrito preparatório de Le Voyage d\'hiver. / Le voyage d\'hiver - one of the last texts to be written and published by Georges Perec- has drawn different levels of attention to itself. Not having been frequently analysed by the critics, it has been used by the literary group known as the OuLiPo as a springboard for the production of a series of texts that repeated and expanded the themes dealt in Perec\'s text. This difference of approach seems to be related to the way the role of the reader is viewed by the critics. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to propose an alternative approach to the study of the role of the reader in Le Voyage d\'hiver. Moreover, in order to deal with some of the problems that the critics face when studying the work of Georges Perec, this dissertation analyses certain aspects of the Le Voyage d\'hiver manuscript.