<p>Syftet med studien var att genom gymnasielärares utsagor söka spår av grundtankar i Vygotskijs teoribildning i deras syn på lärande. Detta för att ta reda på vilka kriterier lärare utgår ifrån när de gör sina didaktiska val i undervisningen och på vilket sätt Vygotskijs grundtankar återspeglas i lärares syn på lärande.</p><p>Vår studie grundar sig på kvalitativa intervjuer. I undersökningen deltog fyra lärare på två gymnasieskolor. Efter att materialet var transkriberat, gjordes en analys utifrån de fyra aspekterna som kännetecknar ett socio-kulturellt perspektiv enligt Vygotskij: de sociala, de medierande, de situerade och de kreativa med betoning på lärarroll och lärande. Vi använde oss av en hermeneutisk ansats för att analysera resultatet där vi använde relevant forskning för att förstärka vår tolkning av respondenternas utsagor.</p><p>I studien framkom att lärare gav uttryck för att samspel och dialog är viktiga inslag i undervisningen. Vi har även funnit spår av de medierande aspekterna där lärare som mediator har en aktiv roll, men att de samtidigt förespråkar en traditionell katederundervisning.</p><p>Vår slutsats är att lärare inte stödjer sig på någon specifik vetenskaplig teori i sin syn på lärande. Vi har emellertid tolkat det som att lärare vid sina didaktiska val i undervisningen väljer att reflektera över hur elever tillägnar sig kunskap framför vad elever ska lära och utveckla. Den syn på lärande som vi kan skönja utifrån lärares utsagor är en blandning av olika teorier som färgats av Vygotskijs teoribildning.</p> / <p>Aim with the study was that through high teachers’ statements apply for tracks of basic thoughts of Vygotsky’s theory education in their sights on learning. This is to ascertain what criteria teachers assume when they do their didactic choices in the education and how Vygotsky’s basic thoughts are reflected in teachers’ sights on learning.</p><p>Our study bases itself on qualitative interviews where four teachers from two high schools were participated. After the transcription, the analysis was done on the basis of the four aspects that characterize the socio-cultural perspective according to Vygotsky’s theory of education: the social, the mediated, the situated and the creative aspects. We chose to use the hermeneutic method for analyze of our result where we used relevant research in order to strengthen our interpretation of teachers’ statements.</p><p>In the study the teachers expressed that interaction and dialogue are important elements in the education. We also have found tracks from the mediated aspects there teachers as a mediator has an active role, but that they at the same time recommend a traditional education.</p><p>Our conclusion is that teachers are not based their learning on some specific scientific theory. We however have interpreted that the teachers when they choose a method, prefer to reflect over how students are getting knowledge instead of what students shall learn and develop. That sight on learning as we possibly can discern on the basis of teachers’ statements is a mixture of different theories that has been influenced by Vygotsky’s theory of education.</p>

This two phase study explored perspectives of play according to children and parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners, in a city in South West England. In an addition to the considerable research base concerning play, this study investigated the frequently overlooked cultural dimension of play and how this affects the education of Somali heritage children in England. The broader contentious concern of play’s role in Early Years and Primary education was also explored. A mixed methods pragmatic approach was employed in this study. In Phase One, a photograph sorting activity based on the Activity Apperception Story Procedure by Howard (2002), was used to enable the participation of young children and participants for whom English is not their first language. Established via this activity were definitions of play and work according to children and parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners. Exploratory Data Analysis was applied to examine this data. In Phase Two, a focus group design was used, with discussions drawing on cross-cultural conceptions of play (Gaskins, Haight & Lancy, 2007; Göncü, Tuermer, Jain & Johnson, 1999). This enabled the exploration of how parents of Somali heritage and primary school practitioners perceive play’s relationship to children’s development and learning, with consideration for their own experiences of childhood. Focus group data was analysed using thematic analysis, supported by the Cultural Historical Activity Theory framework. The findings of this study highlight shared and individual definitions of play, competing benefits of play and the cross-cultural importance of play being intrinsically motivated. Implications for practice centre on the need to recognise play as part of unique cultural milieus at a practitioner, school, educational psychology service and policy level.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:05:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaraMSL_DISSERT.pdf: 4622900 bytes, checksum: 9c1229ad25c3c58fdb8c23fa644070ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Among the many methodological resources that the mathematics teacher can use in the classroom, we can cite the History of Mathematics which has contributed to the development of activities that promotes students curiosity about mathematics and its history. In this regard, the present dissertation aims to translate and analyze, mathematically and historically, the three works of Euler about amicable numbers that were writed during the Eighteenth century with the same title: De numeris amicabilibus. These works, despite being written in 1747 when Euler lived in Berlin, were published in different times and places. The first, published in 1747 in Nova Acta Eruditorum and which received the number E100 in the Enestr?m index, summarizes the historical context of amicable numbers, mentions the formula 2nxy & 2nz used by his precursors and presents a table containing thirty pairs of amicable numbers. The second work, E152, was published in 1750 in Opuscula varii argument. It is the result of a comprehensive review of Euler s research on amicable numbers which resulted in a catalog containing 61 pairs, a quantity which had never been achieved by any mathematician before Euler. Finally, the third work, E798, which was published in 1849 at the Opera postuma, was probably the first among the three works, to be written by Euler / Entre os diversos recursos metodol?gicos que podem ser trabalhados na sala de aula pelo professor de matem?tica, podemos citar a Hist?ria da Matem?tica que contribui para a elabora??o de atividades que promovam curiosidade hist?rica e matem?tica nos discentes. Assim, a presente disserta??o objetiva traduzir e analisar, matematicamente e historicamente, os tr?s trabalhos de Euler sobre os n?meros amig?veis que foram escritos durante o s?culo XVIII com o mesmo t?tulo: De numeris amicabilibus. Estes trabalhos, apesar de terem sido escritos em 1747 quando Euler vivia em Berlim, eles foram publicados em datas e lugares diferentes. O primeiro, publicado em 1747 na Nova Acta Eruditorum e que recebeu a numera??o E100 do ?ndex Enestr?m, apresenta resumidamente o contexto hist?rico dos n?meros amig?veis, menciona a f?rmula 2nxy & 2nz que foi usada por seus precursores e ainda apresenta uma tabela contendo como resultado trinta pares de n?meros amig?veis. Por sua vez, o segundo trabalho, E152, foi publicado em 1750 na Opuscula varii argumenti, ele ? o resultado de uma an?lise completa da pesquisa de Euler sobre os n?meros amig?veis que resultou em um cat?logo contendo 61 pares, quantidade n?o alcan?ada por nenhum matem?tico antes de Euler. Por fim, o terceiro trabalho, E798, que foi publicado em 1849 na Opera postuma, provavelmente tenha sido o primeiro, entre os tr?s trabalhos, a ser escrito por Euler

Tendo em vista o amplo acesso às tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) na sociedade contemporânea, com a promessa de um mundo virtual sem limites exercendo intenso poder de atração sobre os jovens, faz-se necessária a análise dos mecanismos ideológicos de manipulação psicológica postos em ação pela indústria cultural global no seio da subjetividade juvenil. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os hábitos e os interesses dos adolescentes no ciberespaço, buscando apreender os possíveis efeitos em sua constituição subjetiva. A pesquisa empírica foi dividida em duas etapas desenvolvidas simultaneamente: a primeira constou de um percurso etnográfico na cibercultura com o intuito de desvendar os interesses econômicos subjacentes aos sites frequentados pelos jovens; a segunda etapa foi realizada em uma escola pública e em uma escola privada, localizadas em um mesmo bairro de São Paulo, onde foram aplicados 108 questionários aos estudantes do último ano do Ensino Fundamental, com idade entre 13 e 16 anos, de ambos os sexos. Na escola pública, foram realizadas observações participativas nas aulas de Informática Educativa. Em ambas efetuaram-se entrevistas com alunos considerados por seus colegas como os mais conectados à internet, bem como entrevistas complementares com professores, coordenadores e diretores. A interpretação e a análise dos dados fundamentaram-se na filosofia da educação, teoria crítica e psicanálise. Constatou-se que as atividades preferidas dos adolescentes consistiam em frequentar as redes sociais, jogar, assistir a vídeos, visitar home pages de celebridades e de pornografia. Concluiu-se que os jovens são atraídos pelo ciberespaço principalmente pela possibilidade de exercitar fantasias virtuais e se sentirem aceitos pelo grupo. Entre os meninos, prevaleciam as fantasias onipotentes e sádicas, com as seguintes temáticas: o terrorista/policial, o herói/sobrenatural, o hacker/expert. Entre as meninas, eram frequentes as fantasias românticas, cujos temas principais envolviam: a amada/escolhida, a mãe/bebê, a celebridade. Observou-se que as fantasias virtuais são produzidas pela indústria audiovisual, geralmente, a partir de componentes perverso-polimórficos reeditados, identificados pelo que T. W. Adorno denominou de psicanálise às avessas. Ao se fixarem nas fantasias virtuais por meio das próteses digitais imagéticas, a capacidade dos jovens de apreensão das experiências de suas vidas sofrem alterações significativas, dificultando a reflexão sobre estas. O investimento libidinal nos dispositivos televisuais, reduzido às satisfações escopofílicas e à excitação constante dos sentidos, não contribui para a assunção epistemofílica, resultando no empobrecimento do imaginário e do simbólico. No ciberespaço os adolescentes têm seus direitos de proteção violados, uma vez que seus psiquismos ainda se encontram em desenvolvimento. Os interesses no lucro parecem prevalecer em relação a qualquer dimensão ética envolvida. Nesse contexto, a internet, ao invés de ser um importante instrumento de ampliação do conhecimento e de participação social, da maneira como tem sido utilizada, tem contribuído para a alienação e fixação em satisfações narcísicas. Assim, conclui-se ser importante não somente a inclusão digital, no sentido de apropriação das TICs nos ambientes escolares, mas também uma efetiva formação crítica dos jovens em relação às mídias, fornecendo-lhes condições para que possam refletir sobre as ficções nas quais estão inseridos. / In light of the wide access to the information and communication technologies (ICT) in the contemporary society, which by promising limitless virtual world exert strong power of attraction on the young people, we consider it is necessary to analyze the ideological mechanisms of psychological manipulation in action by the global culture industry in young subjectivity. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the adolescent habits and interests in cyberspace in order to understand the possible consequences in their subjective constitution. This empirical research was divided into two phases performed simultaneously: the first one was composed by an ethnographic journey through cyberculture, aiming to find out the economic interests behind the sites most visited by the adolescents; the second phase was carried out in one public and one private school placed in the same neighborhood in São Paulo, where 108 questionnaires were applied to the 13 to 16-year-old boys and girls students in the last year of Secondary School. In the public school, participant observation was the approach used in the Educational Computing classes. Interviews were done in both schools with the students known as the most connected to the internet as well as additional interviews with the teachers, coordinators, and principals. Data interpretation and analysis were based on philosophy of education, critical theory and psychoanalysis. We have found that the adolescent favorite activities consisted of frequently going to social networks, playing games, watching videos, visiting celebrities home pages and pornography. We concluded that the adolescents are mainly attracted to cyberspace for their possibility to exercise virtual fantasies and feel accepted by their group. Among the boys prevailed omnipotent and sadistic fantasies with the following thematic features: the terrorist/policeman, the hero/supernatural, the hacker/expert. Among the girls, romantic fantasies were usual and involved mainly these themes: the beloved/chosen, the mother/baby, the celebrity. We noticed that the virtual fantasies are produced by the audiovisual industry generally out of perverse-polymorphic components reedited, identified by T.W. Adorno as psychoanalysis in reverse. When the adolescents get fixed to virtual fantasies by means of imagetic digital prostheses, their capacity of apprehending their own experiences in life suffers significant changes, hindering their reflection about them. The libidinal investment in televisual devices, reduced to scopophiliac gratification and constant excitement of the senses, doesnt contribute to the epistemophilic assumption - which results in imaginary and symbolic impoverishing. In cyberspace the adolescents have their protection rights violated since their psychism are still in process of development. Interests in making money seem to prevail over any ethical dimension involved. In this context, rather than being an important instrument to expand knowledge and social participation, the way the internet has being used it has contributed to the alienation and fixation in narcissistic gratification. Therefore, we have concluded that digital inclusion is important - meaning ICTs appropriation in the school environment - but also young peoples effective critical thinking formation with regard to the media, in order to offer them conditions to reflect about the fictions where they are inserted in.

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Entwicklungsländern und leistet einen Beitrag zur Disziplin „Berufsausbildung in der Dritten Welt“, einer Disziplin der Berufspädagogik. Sie verbindet Aspekte der internationalen Berufsbildungszusammenarbeit aus deutscher Sicht mit Aspekten der vergleichenden Berufspädagogik, des internationalen Projektmanagements sowie der Didaktik und Methodik im Kontext der beruflichen Bildung. Im Mittelpunkt der Schrift steht eine empirische Untersuchung zur Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in der Volksdemokratischen Republik Laos mittels eines nationalen in-service-trainingsystems, das durch deutsche und laotische Experten im Zeitfenster 2000-2003 erfolgreich und nachhaltig eingerichtet wurde. Das System mit der Bezeichnung „Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystem (MTS)“ basiert auf einem erprobten deutschen Konzept, das seine Transferfähigkeit in mehreren Entwicklungsländern bereits nachgewiesen hat.:Kurzdarstellung / Abstract………………………………………………..I Abkürzungsverzeichnis…………………………………………………...II Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis…………………………… III Einleitung..............................1 Untersuchungsgegenstand und Eingrenzungen.............2 Begriffliche Festlegungen............................................8 Ziel der Untersuchung…..……..…………………….…………...…. 14 Problemlage und Begründungen………………..…………...... 15 Methodisches Vorgehen……………………..……………………... 16 1 Die Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung als Leistungsschwerpunkt der Berufsbildungszusammenarbeit Deutschlands mit Entwicklungsländern..................................................... 19 1.1 Auffassungen und Leitlinien zum Transfer deutschen Know-How’s in der BB in Entwicklungsländer aus der Sicht des deutschen Systemgebers......................................................................... 20 1.2 Herangehensweisen and die Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Projekten der BBZ .…………………......... 28 1.3 Beispielhafte Ansätze der Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung auf der Mikroebene………………………………… 31 1.4 Beispielhafte Ansätze der Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung auf der Mesoebene…………………………….…… 56 1.5 Beispielhafte Ansätze der Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung auf der Makroebene……………………...………… 71 2 Die Situation der Lehrkräfte der beruflichen Bildung in Laos in den Jahren 2000 bis 2003............................. 74 2.1 Kurzdarstellung von Merkmalen und Besonderheiten der beruflichen Bildung in Laos……..……………………………………………………. 75 2.1.0 Einführung…………….…………………………………………..……... 75 2.1.1 Die Regelung der beruflichen Bildung in Laos………………………….. 78 2.1.2 Die Rolle des VEDC……………………………………………………... 82 2.1.3 Die Situation der beruflichen Bildung in Laos um das Jahr 2000……...... 84 2.1.4 Der Einfluss traditioneller und buddhistischer Erziehung auf die berufliche Bildung in Laos...…………………………………………….. 87 2.2 Ausbildungs- und Arbeitssituation der Lehrkräfte der beruflichen Bildung in Laos…………………………………………………………... 89 2.2.1 Die Ausbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Laos……… 89 2.2.2 Die Kompetenz von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Laos…….... 91 2.2.3 Status und Probleme der Lehrkräfte der beruflichen Bildung in Laos…... 93 2.2.4 Arbeitssituation von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Laos……… 95 3 Die Einrichtung eines Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystems für die Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung am Vocational Educational Development Centre in Vientiane.......................... 97 3.1 Die Rahmenvorgaben zur Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung in Laos im Jahr 2000……………………..…………………...… 98 3.2 Die Planung von Fortbildungsaktivitäten für Lehrkräfte der beruflichen Bildung am VEDC ab dem Frühjahr 2000………………….. 104 3.3 Die Gestaltung der Vorbereitungsphase zur Einrichtung des „Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystems“ …………………………..………... 117 3.3.0 Einführung…..……………….…………………………………………... 117 3.3.1 Die Bereitstellung der Informationen über das Konzept sowie die Überzeugung der lokalen Entscheidungsträger zur aktiven Mitarbeit am Projekt………...………………………………………………………...... 117 3.3.2 Die Erstellung einer schriftlichen, detaillierten Aktivitätenplanung zum Vorhaben…………………...…………………………………………….. 122 3.3.3 Die Bildung und Bestätigung einer lokalen Projektsteuerungsgruppe (Task-Force)………………………………………..………………...….. 125 3.3.4 Die Bereitstellung von finanziellen, materiellen, personellen und zeitlichen Ressourcen………………………..…………………………... 127 3.3.5 Die Bildung eines Netzwerkes von zu beteiligenden beruflichen Schulen und Partnern…………………………………………………………….... 132 3.3.6 Identifizieren der Institutionen, aus denen die Multiplikatoren ausgewählt werden und Auswählen der Multiplikatoren ……………...... 136 3.3.7 Offizielle Bestätigung der Multiplikatoren und Aufstellen von gemeinsam anerkannten Arbeitsprinzipien und Methoden der Zusammenarbeit…………..……………………………………………… 140 3.4 Die Gestaltung der Durchführungsphase zur Einrichtung des „Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystems“ ………………………..…………... 147 3.4.0 Einführung…………………………………….…………………………. 147 3.4.1 Offizielle, feierliche Eröffnung unmittelbar vor Beginn der Ausbildung der Senior-Multiplikatoren .……………………..………………………. 148 3.4.2 Die Durchführung des „MTS-Initialseminars“ für Senior-Multiplikatoren zur Vermittlung der berufspädagogischen Lerninhalte ... 151 3.4.3 Analysieren der Themen, die an den Landeskontext angepasst werden müssen……………………………………………..………...................... 169 3.4.4 Fertigstellung der Arbeitsübersetzung des Trainingsprogramms und Aushändigung eines persönlichen Exemplars an alle Multiplikatoren………………………………..……………………...….. 171 3.4.5 Die Durchführung des „MTS-Methodikseminars“ für Senior-Multiplikatoren zur Vermittlung des methodischen Konzepts …….......... 173 3.4.6 Erarbeitung einer Aktionsplanung für die unbegleiteten Folgeaktivitäten der anschließenden Zwischenphase…………………………….………... 177 3.4.7 Operative Aktionsplanung nach der Beendigung der unbegleiteten Zwischenphase ………………………………………..…………………. 183 3.4.8 Durchführung des „MTS-Simulationsseminars“ für Senior-Multiplikatoren…………………………………………………………... 185 3.4.9 Durchführung der ersten Seminare für Junior-Multiplikatoren …….…… 188 3.4.10 Feierliche Abschlussveranstaltung und Aushändigung der Zertifikate….. 191 3.4.11 Evaluierung und Präsentation der Ergebnisse ………..…………………. 192 3.4.12 Follow-up: Coaching der Akteure und intermittierende Begleitung der Ausbildung der verschiedenen Zielgruppen……………………………... 196 3.5 Die abschließende Evaluierung des „Multiplikatoren-Trainingssystems“ nach einer Laufzeit von drei Jahren ………………..……………….…… 210 3.5.1 Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Gesamtevaluierung ……………… 210 3.5.2 Abschluss der externen Begleitung des MTS in 2003………..………….. 217 4 Theoretische Begründungen und Herleitungen ausgewählter Aspekte, Komponenten und Merkmale des Multiplikatoren-Trainingsystems ....................218 4.1 Gestaltungsmerkmale des MTS-Initialseminars mit Bezug zur Einbettung und besonderen Konstruktion des „Modularen Trainingsprogramms“................................................................................. 219 4.1.0 Einführung………………………………….………………………...….. 219 4.1.1 Der Zielaspekt des MTS-Initialseminars……….…………………...….... 220 4.1.2 Der Inhaltsaspekt des MTS-Initialseminars……………….……………... 229 4.1.3 Der didaktische Aspekt des MTS-Initialseminars ………….……...….… 237 4.1.4 Der methodische Aspekt des MTS-Initialseminars…………….……...… 247 4.1.5 Der Bedingungsaspekt des MTS-Initialseminars……………….……...... 258 4.1.6 Der organisatorische Aspekt des MTS-Initialseminars………….……..... 287 4.1.7 Der Ergebnisaspekt des MTS-Initialseminars……………………....…… 293 4.2 Die Herleitung von transferrelevanten Merkmalen von Multiplikatoren-Projekten………………………………………….…….. 306 4.2.0 Einführung..………………….…………………………………………... 306 4.2.1 Fakten zum Hintergrund von Multiplikatoren-Projekten …………..…… 307 4.2.2 Transferrelevante Merkmale von Multiplikatoren-Projekten……….……… 312 5 Abschluss............................... 349 5.1 Zusammenfassung………..……………………………………………… 350 5.2 Eidesstattliche Erklärung………………………..………...……………... 359 5.3 Literaturverzeichnis……………......…………………………...………... 360 6 Anlagen.............................................. 377 Anlage 1 Übersicht über den bisherigen Einsatz des „Modularen Trainingsprogramms“ ………………………………………………. 378 Anlage 2 Beispiel einer Funktionsbeschreibung für einen Fachberater an einer Technischen Sekundarschule (Mikro-Ebene)...……………………... 379 Anlage 3 Beispiel einer Leistungsbeschreibung für einen Fachberater an einer regionalen Bildungseinrichtung für die Aus-& Fortbildung von Lehrkräften der beruflichen Bildung (Meso-Ebene).……………….. 381 Anlage 4 Beispiel einer Leistungsbeschreibung für eine Aus- und Fortbildung von Multiplikatoren auf nationaler und überregionaler Ebene (Makro-Ebene) …………………………………………………….... 383 Anlage 5 Module Specification „Technology“ – Chapter 1 - Module 8……….. 385 Anlage 6 Module Specification „Practical Training“ – Course 1 - Module 8 .. 388 Anlage 7 Process of Establishment of a Teacher Training System for formal and non-formal VET in the PDR Laos………………………………….. 391 Anlage 8 Presentation on MTS - a Lao success story (40 Folien)…………… 392 Anlage 9 Summary of all MTS-Seminars from 2001 to 2003……………………. 402 Anlage 10 List of all institutions benefited by MTS ………………………………... 404 Anlage 11 Survey of MTS-experience of Senior Multipliers………………………. 406 Anlage 12 Optimales Seminarraum-Lay-Out für MTS Seminare………………. 407 Anlage 13 Zeitlicher Ablauf der Umsetzung des MTS-Konzeptes in Laos…….. 408 Anlage 14 Berufliches Kurzprofil des Autors…………………………………... 410

This thesis is focused on use of the critical thinking techniques into the courses of information education. The study describes links and relations among the critical thinking as one part of constructivist teaching and information, critical and reading literacy. A literature review of the thesis also includes description of programme for critical thinking development called "Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking". A finding and methodology section is divided into two parts. First one analyses questionnaire of the critical evaluation of information quality organized for students of Czech University of Life Sciences. Following part describes case study (method based on Yin, 2009) of application critical thinking techniques into the courses of information education in Czech University of Life Sciences. This part, due to chosen method, includes description of current state of information education in the university, its environment and influences. It also gives in detail description of "Course of information literacy for PhD students" which used critical thinking techniques from "Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking" programme. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Although the major responsibility for community college governance falls to presidents and administrators, researchers have recognized the integral role of faculty in governing higher education institutions. Few studies, however, have explored the effectiveness of contributions of faculty elected to community college academic senates. The purpose of this research was to investigate the background traits and leadership skills of elected academic senate presidents in order to identify both their perceptions of themselves as leaders and the perceptions of other faculty senate members. This study was based in the theory of transformational leadership in organizations and its impact on the effectiveness of organizations. The research question for this quantitative study focused on the extent to which the elected academic senate presidents' background and leadership traits affect the performance of faculty senates. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Form 5X; MLQ 5X) and supplemental demographic data were used with faculty at the 112 community colleges in a western state to measure the relationship between leadership behavior and organizational effectiveness. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and z and t tests. Results indicated that there is a significant relationship between senate presidents who were transformational leaders and more effective in leading faculty senates. The implications for social change include informing community college faculty senates and their presidents about effective leadership styles and skills and providing resources to improve faculty governance. The anticipated results are improved college governance, enhanced college service to their communities, and enriched education for their students.

I denna kunskapsöversikt är syftet att undersöka hur det sociala samspelet jämfört med ettpragmatiskt förhållningssätt kan främja språkutveckling i SO-undervisningen. Detta hargenomförts genom att jämföra olika vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna vi valde att undersöka,hämtades från olika databaser, Ebsco, Eric och Google Scholar. Vi valde att bryta ner detsociala och det pragmatiska förhållningssättet i mindre lärandemetoder för att kunnaundersöka vad forskningen säger om språkutvecklande arbetssätt inom SO-undervisningen.Kunskapsöversiktens resultat och slutats visar att det sociala samspelet och det pragmatiskaförhållningssättet kompletterar varandra och går att koppla samman.

Der Beitrag vermittelt Ansätze zu einem Theorie- und Gehörbildungsunterricht, der die Berufsziele und künstlerischen Neigungen der Studierenden als Inspiration zur Entwicklung innovativer Methoden nutzt. Dazu bedarf es seitens des Lehrenden einer genauen Kenntnis der wissenschaftlichen Inhalte einerseits sowie der künstlerischen und pädagogischen Praxis andererseits. Gleichzeitig ist eine Offenheit des Lehrer-Schüler-Diskurses für die schöpferischen Beiträge beider Seiten unabdingbar – nicht selten sind es die Anregungen von Studierenden, die faszinierende Erkenntnisse für Lernende und Lehrende möglich machen. So kann Gehörbildung anhand beliebter Titel aus Rock und Pop zur Entdeckungsreise in eine Welt musikalischer Archetypen werden – z.B. bizarr verkleidet in den Songs der Rockband Knorkator. Praxisverfügbarkeit von Theorie bedeutet, dass der Weg zwischen Konzept und klingender Umsetzung jederzeit in beide Richtungen begehbar ist. Sie impliziert, dass Musiker und Pädagogen sich als Künstler in umfassendem Sinn verstehen. Als Beispiel für ein Fächer und Institutionen verbindendes Projekt beschreibt die Autorin die Entwicklung eines Schulmusicals durch Studierende von der Auswahl des Sujets über szenische Konzeption, Textdichtung, Komposition bis hin zur Einstudierung und Aufführung. / The essay provides approaches to a teaching of music theory and ear training that uses the students’ professional goals and artistic inclinations as inspiration for the development of innovative methods. This requires the teacher to have precise knowledge of the scientific content on the one hand and of artistic and pedagogical practice on the other. The discourse between teachers and students has to be open for creative contributions on both sides – suggestions of students frequently afford fascinating insights. In this way ear training on the basis of well-known rock and pop songs can turn into an expedition to musical archetypes – as bizarrely disguised in the songs of the rock band Knorkator. Practical availability of theory means that the path between concept and audio implementation can be walked into both realms at any time. It implicates a self-concept of musicians and pedagogues as artists in a wide-ranging sense. As an example of a project linking subjects and institutions the author describes the development of a school musical by students, from the selection of the subject to scenic conception, text poetry, composition, rehearsal and performance.

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