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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Partant d'un projet de base géographique (SIG), cette recherche compose un hypertexte, soit un réseau de nœuds et de liens instaurant un mode d'organisation de l'information indépendant d'une structure préétablie (structure web). Un examen des représentations actuelles et passées de la notion d'activité humaine, une analyse des pratiques et des conceptions de l'activité scientifique, une approche des multiples dimensions de l'activité informatique, et une exploration des connaissances géographiques du temps présent, constituent les nœuds majeurs de cet hypertexte. Ainsi, à partir de l'explicitation de nos propres raisonnements, des raisonnements des géographes et des opérations de pensée des utilisateurs s'organise la mise ne mouvement d'une géomatique humaniste.

Cette thèse en sciences de gestion a pour objet de prendre la mesure du rôle du système d'information dans le déclenchement et la propagation des difficultés que rencontrent les petites et moyennes entreprises du secteur agro-alimentaire en France. Nous étudions le lien entre le désalignement des usages du système d'information et les difficultés que peuvent rencontrer les PME.Le terrain est constitué, d'un côté, par des enquêtes d'entreprises qui permettent de construire un indicateur synthétique de performances et, de l'autre côté, par l'enquête COI-TIC de 2006 dont nous obtenons quatre jeux d'indicateurs liés à l'usage du système d'information.À l'aide d'une démarche compréhensive, nous caractérisons ainsi le rôle du système d'information et son désalignement dans les dynamiques de performances. Nous montrons, au cas des PME des IAA, notamment l'importance de la coordination électronique (inter entreprise et entre les parties prenantes) et la place majeure des changements impliquant des projets informatiques. Enfin, les entreprises, quelles que soient leurs performances, rencontrent d'importantes difficultés d'appropriation des usages du système d'information.

This study analyses two non-western novels used in the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school: Fatou Diomes The Belly of the Atlantic and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies Half a Yellow Sun. Looking at how the books female main character relate to Stuart Halls theory of cultural identity, I come to the conclusion that they somewhat differently relate to an essential ”authentic” self. Salie talks explicit about a generic African soul that she possesses. Olanna never talks about anything ”authentic”, but her narrative and contrary subject positions can be read as a way of demasking her European ”white” self in favour of a truer Igbo self. I also come to the conclusion that both novels use themes of alienation related to gender structures and positioned westernness and that this kind of reading could contribute to interesting classroom discussions about a dynamic interpretation on culture and identity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatrickRA.pdf: 1597143 bytes, checksum: be7cb13888aef28762e6bca5f5f95882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-05 / One of the best examples of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) evolutions is on the high capability of storing and processing data into smaller devices, creating a new business condition, the mobility . This mobility in a deeper analysis proposes a business remodeling in many different areas (business segmentations), through the Internet anywhere at any time, allowing managers and researchers to think again their actual models that work nowadays in companies and public institutions, modifying the way internal and external clients can be attended. This thesis analyzes issues on mobile business adoption, technological evolutions and the impacts caused by this new reality the access to information anywhere at any time . This research is exploratory and shows a compilation of similar papers and thesis describing how was conducted the survey within 50 companies in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Cear?. The statistics analysis showed the different level of mobile technology usage from simple voice communications to wide band data transmission. The analysis pointed that canonic correlation was the most effective type of analysis to describe the relations among all groups of variables showing which of them are relevant, or not, for mobile technology adoption / Um dos principais exemplos da velocidade com que as mudan?as acontecem na Tecnologia da Informa??o e Comunica??o (TIC) est? na sua maior capacidade de processamento e armazenamento em dispositivos cada vez menores, criando uma nova condi??o para diversos neg?cios, a mobilidade. Esta mobilidade, que em uma an?lise mais aprofundada pode propor inclusive uma remodelagem de muitos neg?cios atrav?s do acesso ? internet em qualquer lugar e a qualquer tempo, permitir? ainda que gestores e pesquisadores repensem os modelos atuais de funcionamento de empresas e organiza??es al?m do atendimento a clientes internos e externos. Este trabalho avalia fatores que influenciam a ado??o de tecnologias m?veis, evolu??o tecnol?gica e o impacto provocado nas empresas por esta nova realidade a de acesso ? informa??o em qualquer lugar e a qualquer momento . O trabalho cita o que outros pesquisadores j? identificaram dentro do tema de tecnologias m?veis e como foi realizada esta pesquisa explorat?ria, que foi aplicada nas empresas atrav?s de question?rios do tipo survey em um universo de 50 empresas dos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco e Cear?. A an?lise dos resultados foi dividida em an?lise descritiva, an?lise de correspond?ncia, an?lise de agrupamento (por vari?veis e por caso) e an?lise de correla??o can?nica, sendo esta a que melhor permitiu identificar os diferentes n?veis de utiliza??o das tecnologias m?veis que v?o desde a utiliza??o para voz at? aplica??es que demandam grandes volumes de transmiss?o de dados e as caracter?sticas das empresas, empres?rios, e da utiliza??o da TIC que influenciam, ou n?o, na ado??o de tecnologias m?veis

Cette recherche propose d’étudier et de présenter des supports susceptibles d'améliorer le processus d'apprentissage des personnes malentendantes et sourdes par la médiation de nouveaux outils comme les tablettes tactiles. La question est de savoir si l’introduction de ces nouveaux outils, pourrait permettre la création de didacticiels adaptés aux spécificités cognitives des enfants sourds.Dans le contexte actuel, notre hypothèse est que les nouvelles technologies informatiques et les outils numériques (comme les tablettes tactiles) influenceraient positivement le processus d’apprentissage des élèves sourds et malentendants.En conséquence, nous avons créé un logiciel éducatif, Digisthésia, qui a été conçu et adapté aux besoins des élèves sourds et malentendants. Le but de cet outil était de développer et d’améliorer 4 des principales potentialités cognitives : l’attention, la mémoire, la vitesse de traitement et la résolution de problèmes.Notre protocole a mobilisé 80 élèves de 7 collèges de Lyon et de la périphérie lyonnaise : 40 élèves avec différents degrés de déficience auditive, des sujets implantés et appareillés (20 participants ont utilisé le logiciel éducatif Digisthésia / 20 personnes ont fait partie du groupe de contrôle) ainsi que 40 élèves sans déficiences auditives (20 participants qui ont utilisé notre logiciel éducatif sur tablette tactile / 20 élèves ont fait partie du groupe témoin). Les résultats indiquent que la médiation par les nouvelles technologies a renforcé les potentialités cognitives des élèves sourds et malentendants. Nous avons observé un progrès au niveau de l’apprentissage des participants sourds et malentendants suite à l’utilisation du logiciel éducatif Digisthésia sur tablette tactile. / This research proposes to study and present materials that can improve the learning process for people who are hard of hearing and deaf by leveraging the use of new tools such as touch tablets. The question is whether the introduction of these new tools could allow the creation of software tools that more adapted to the cognitive specificities of deaf children.In the current context, our hypothesis is that new computer-base technologies and digital tools (such as touch tablets) would positively influence the learning process for students who are deaf and hard of hearing.As a result, we have created the educational software Digisthésia that has been designed and adapted to the needs of students who are deaf and hard of hearing. The aim of this tool was to develop and improve 4 important cognitive parameters such as attention, memory, processing speed and problem solving.Our protocol mobilized 80 students from grade schools from and near Lyon: 40 students suffering from different degrees of hearing impairment, with an without cochlear implants (20 subjects used the tablet/20 subjects were part of the control group). As well as 40 students with no hearing impairments (20 subjects who used the educational software Digisthésia and the tablet /20 subjects who were part of the control group).The results indicate that leveraging the new technologies has enhanced the cognitive potential of deaf and hard of hearing students. We have seen progress in the learning of deaf and hard of hearing participants as a result of the use of tablets and our software.

Le Niger est un pays enclavé d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Son positionnement à la périphérie des pôles essentiels de la sous région explique en partie son retard de développement. A cela, s’ajoute, un nouveau retard, qualifié de fracture numérique. Son parc d’infrastructures vétuste ne lui permet pas de profiter des flux mondiaux d’information pour bénéficier des avantages de la compétitivité de la nouvelle société de l’information. Sous l’impulsion de récents débats internationaux sur les nouvelles technologies, il apparaît que le développement économique du Niger nécessiterait une appropriation des TIC par la population. Dès lors, ces nouvelles technologies de l’information sont à l’épicentre des questions de développement qui se posent au Niger. Cette recherche s’est donnée le but d’analyser le système actuel des TIC au Niger et sa capacité à enclencher le développement économique dans un contexte de mondialisation des économies fondé sur l’information et la connaissance grâce à l’usage des TIC. Elle examine en premier lieu, le potentiel des ressources techniques, humaines et des plans et politiques gouvernementaux en matière des TIC, à l’échelle territoriale. A la suite de cette analyse et des questionnements qu’elle pose, des théories économiques ont émergé : l’économie de l’information et ses dérivées. En second lieu, cette étude explore, décrit, explique, interprète et illustre ces théories dans un contexte d’accès aux TIC. Les exemples illustratifs montrent que les TIC corrigent certaines de ces prédictions. Elles améliorent le capital humain, affinent les anticipations des agents et réduisent le risque des décisions économiques. C’est en cela que les TIC peuvent être considérées comme un facteur de développement économique au Niger. Dans cette révolution des NTIC, les économies n’ont nécessairement pas besoin de passer par l’étape de l’industrialisation comme à l’ancienne. L’exemple de la Chine et des dragons asiatiques le témoigne. / Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa. Its position on the outskirts of essential poles in the under-region partly explains its delayed development. To this is added, a further delay, called digital divide. Its fleet of obsolete infrastructure does not allow it to take full advantage of global flows of information to take advantage of the competitiveness of the new information society. Spurred on by recent international discussions on new technologies, it appears that the economic development of Niger would require an appropriation of ICTs by the population. Therefore, these new information technologies are at the epicenter of development issues facing the Niger. This research was given the objective to analyze the current system of ICT in Niger and its ability to set off economic development in a context of globalization of economies based on information, knowledge and expertise, by using ICTs. Following this analysis and the questions it poses, some economic theories have emerged, the information economy and its derivatives. In the second time, this study explores, describes, explains, interprets and illustrates these theories in the context of ICTs access. Illustrative examples show that ICT correct some of these predictions. ICT improves human capital, refine agents' anticipations and reduce the risk of economic decisions. That’s why, ICTs can be considered as an economic development factor in Niger. In this revolution of new technologies, the economies have not necessarily need to go through the stage of industrialization as the old theories. The example of China and the Asian dragons shows that.

Submitted by Maria Passos (mariasigmar@gmail.com) on 2018-01-05T13:20:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSigmarCoutinhoPassos-tese.doc.pdf: 5328639 bytes, checksum: d761747eef4ef60b87a9ee9497f1e228 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2018-01-08T13:35:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSigmarCoutinhoPassos-tese.doc.pdf: 5328639 bytes, checksum: d761747eef4ef60b87a9ee9497f1e228 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T13:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSigmarCoutinhoPassos-tese.doc.pdf: 5328639 bytes, checksum: d761747eef4ef60b87a9ee9497f1e228 (MD5) / Esta tese apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que teve como objeto as políticas públicas de formação de professores em Educação e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), especificamente as ações do programa federal ProInfo Integrado no Estado da Bahia. Seu objetivo geral foi compreender os processos de recontextualização na implementação das políticas de TIC e Educação a partir das ações de formação continuada de professores e sua contextualização nos espaços de formação de professores nos Núcleos de Tecnologia Municipal (NTM). O referencial teórico-metodológico da pesquisa foi a Abordagem do Ciclo das Políticas, proposto por Stephen Ball, para compreender os diferentes contextos de concretização da política em análise. Para tal, utilizou diversas fontes como decretos, leis, portarias, documentos de organismos internacionais, módulos impressos e digitais, planejamentos pedagógicos, além da observação direta dos processos de formação e entrevistas com os sujeitos da prática. A pesquisa em campo foi desenvolvida nos NTM das cidades de Salvador, Ilhéus, Itabuna e Juazeiro. O estudo levou ao entendimento das ações de formação do ProInfo Integrado enquanto importante espaço de recontextualização dessa política, sendo que a concretização pelos sujeitos da prática nos NTM revela tensionamentos, contradições e processos de recriação que se relacionam com as demandas locais e com o próprio entendimento dos sujeitos sobre a política pública e sobre o contexto em que atuam. Concluiu que os processos de recontextualização do Proinfo Integrado, nos contextos pesquisados, apresentam sentidos pedagógicos, organizacionais-infraestrturais e interpretativos que recriam a política em análise no contexto da prática. / ABSTRACT This thesis presents the results of the research that had the object of the public policies of teacher training in Education and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), specifically the actions of the federal program ProInfo Integrated in the State of Bahia. Its general objective was to understand the processes of recontextualization in the implementation of ICT policies and Education from the actions of continuing education teachers training and its contextualization in the spaces of teacher training in the Municipal Technology Centers (MTC). The theoretical-methodological reference of the research was the Policy Cycle Approach, proposed by Stephen Ball, to understand the different contexts of concretization of the politics under analysis. For such, it used various sources such as decrees, laws, ordinances, documents of international organizations, printed and digital modules, pedagogical plans, beyond the direct observation of the training processes and interviews with the subjects of the practice. Field research was developed in MTC from the cities of Salvador, Ilhéus, Itabuna and Juazeiro. The study led to the understanding of the training actions of ProInfo Integrado as an important space for the recontextualization of this policy, and the concretization by the subjects of the MTC practice reveals tensionings, contradictions and recreation processes that are related to the local demands and to the own understanding of the subjects on the public policy and on the context in which they act.Concludes that the processes of recontextualization of the Integrated Proinfo in the contexts researched present pedagogical, infrastructural and interpretative senses that recreate the politics under analysis in the context of the practice.

ALBUQUERQUE, Ives Manuel de Carvalho; SAMPAIO, Inês Sílvia Vitorino. O sapato é um martelo: usos e apropriações das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação por professores da rede pública de ensino. 2010. 152f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Cultura e Arte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-08-29T12:11:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_IMCALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1793479 bytes, checksum: 95f3481bbad7061801cff5f89e0565e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-08-29T12:12:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_IMCALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1793479 bytes, checksum: 95f3481bbad7061801cff5f89e0565e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-29T12:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_IMCALBUQUERQUE.pdf: 1793479 bytes, checksum: 95f3481bbad7061801cff5f89e0565e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Our objective here is to analyze how is the relationship of public school teachers with the New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC) in their daily activities and what do they retain from them in their educational efforts. To do so, we selected from the application of 21 questionaires, 13 teachers whom were interviewed. These teachers were from two municipality public schools in the cities of Fortaleza and Maracanaú. The research has shown that these teachers perceive a significant change between their generation and that of the adolescent students, because of the new informational and communications technologies. These teachers also identified that their efforts at school is permeated by behavioral and structural problems and they consider the new technologies as influencing or enabling factors for many of these problems. Technology, today, has a constitutive dimension in the contemporary society, defined by Martin-Barbero as the “world-technicity”. This makes social spaces, such as the school, tense and with new meanings. We also noted, however, that the insertion of these NTICs in the school space is not processed in a passive way, where order and silence would prevail. Instead it integrates itself in an intense negotiation movement, with ruptures, distances and closures that, good or bad, have the potential to provoke a new elaboration of the space of the school. We categorize the TICs by the establishment of what we call the sensuous-relational experience which happens with the communicating subject, and therefore we define four levels of TIC: present, teleactive, interactive and immersive. Based on this definition, as we analyzed the space of the school, inside and out of it, we identified that there were profound differences that occurred in the insertion of the TICs in the life of teachers. We also identified that the dynamics developed with these new technologies articulate several interaction ways between teacher and student, even when it comes to the TIC analyzed. We therefore were able to conclude that the communication media are not the only defining factors of the educational experience developed inside the classroom. The way teachers understand the possibilities of the NTIC influences the communication flows in different senses and intensities operating in the classroom. The conditions that allow us to understand these possibilities are directly related to the comprehension that the teachers have their social aspects molded by the NTICs in the contemporaneous society, besides their own perceptions of the school and of education, this way having a deep understanding or not of these new ways of being in their own lives. We therefore came to the conclusion that there are two ways of interactions that involve the teachers with the TIC: the interaction by appropriation of the TIC and that by the use of the TIC. When the teacher appropriates the NTIC, he or she can perceive the changes made by the new technologies and, therefore, make these technologies their own, and their schooling environment’s also. In the case of interaction by use of the NTICs, teachers clearly develop a functionalist and technicist discourse for the use of these communications media in their educational practice, generally linked to the imagery appeal that they provoke in the students, or the instrumental enabling that they make possible in the content of studies, without exploring, in a broader way, their communicational possibilities. / Com o objetivo de analisar como os professores de escolas públicas relacionam-se com as NTIC no seu cotidiano e quais as apropriações que efetuam delas em sua ação educacional, foram aplicados vinte um (21) questionários, com base nos quais foram selecionados e entrevistados treze (13) professores de duas escolas públicas municipais, de Fortaleza e Maracanaú. A pesquisa nos mostrou que estes professores consideram que entre a sua geração, quando adolescentes, e a geração de seus alunos, ocorreram mudanças significativas estimuladas pelas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Os professores identificam também que sua ação na escola é permeada por problemas, desde comportamentais a estruturais, e consideram as novas tecnologias como elementos influenciadores ou possibilitadores de muitos desses problemas. A tecnologia hoje assume uma dimensão constitutiva da sociedade contemporânea, definida por Martin-Barbero como "tecnicidade-mundo". Isto tensiona e ressignifica todos os espaços sociais, entre eles, a escola. Analisamos, porém, que a inserção dessas NTIC no espaço escolar não se processa de maneira passiva, ordeira, sem ruídos, mas integra um intenso movimento de negociação, rupturas, distanciamento e aproximações que, positiva ou negativamente, tem potencial para provocar uma re-elaboração do sistema escolar. Categorizamos as TIC pelo estabelecimento do que chamamos de experiência sensório-relacional com o sujeito comunicante, assim definimos quatro níveis de TIC: as presenciais; as teleativas; as interativas e as imersivas. Com base nesta definição, identificamos que ocorriam profundas diferenças na inserção dessas TIC na vida dos professores, conforme se analisava o espaço da escola e fora dela. Identificamos, ainda, que as dinâmicas desenvolvidas com essas novas tecnologias, articulam vários modos de interação entre professor e aluno, mesmo quando se trata da mesma TIC analisada. Isto evidencia que não são apenas os meios comunicacionais, os definidores da experiência educacional que se desenvolve na sala de aula. A maneira como os professores entendem as possibilidades das NTIC, influencia nos sentidos e intensidades dos fluxos comunicativos em sala de aula. As condições que permitem entender estas possibilidades dizem respeito diretamente à compreensão que os professores possuem das sociabilidades instauradas pelas NTIC na sociedade contemporânea, em paralelo com suas percepções sobre o sentido de escola e de educação, podendo assim interiorizar, ou não, essas novas formas de ser e de estar na sua própria vida. Identificamos, portanto, dois modos de interações em que os professores desenvolvem com as TIC: a interação por apropriação das TIC e a interação por uso das TIC. Na interação por apropriação das NTIC, o professor percebe as mudanças instauradas pelas novas tecnologias como processos socializadores legítimos que reconfiguram também os processos educacionais e, portanto, tornam estas tecnologias próprias também de seu cotidiano escolar. No caso das interações por uso das NTIC, os professores desenvolvem claramente um discurso funcionalista e tecnicista para o uso desses meios comunicacionais na sua prática educacional, geralmente vinculados ao apelo imagético que provocam nos alunos ou às facilidades instrumentais que possibilitam no trato com o conteúdo, sem explorar de modo mais amplo seus potenciais comunicativos.